冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世-早白垩世地球动力学环境：火山岩约束
Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous geodynamic setting in middle-northern Gangdese: New insights from volcanic rocks
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摘要: 利用新近完成的1：25万区域地质调查资料和笔者分析数据,初步研究了西藏冈底斯带晚侏罗世-早白垩世火山岩的分布特点及地层古生物、同位素年代学约束的火山活动时代以及冈底斯中北部火山岩的性质、构造环境、岩石成因和俯冲极性.冈底斯带晚侏罗世-早白垩世火山岩主要分布于南冈底斯、中冈底斯、北冈底斯和班公湖-怒江缝合带南缘,基本同期开始于早白垩世（大约120～130 Ma）并可能延续到晚白垩世,以冈底斯中北部地区规模最大为特征.已有数据显示中冈底斯则弄群火山岩包括部分中钾钙碱性系列的中基性岩石和占优势的高钾钙碱性系列的中酸性火山岩,不同于传统岛弧火山岩,但与中安第斯厚地壳背景下的岛弧火山岩相似,北冈底斯主要为与传统岛弧火山岩相似的中钾钙碱性系列火山岩.中冈底斯则弄群中基性火山岩很可能与来自消减沉积物和/或蚀变玄武质洋壳的含水流体引起上覆地幔楔物质的部分熔融有关,并在岩浆上升过程中经历了明显的分离结晶作用和中上部地壳物质的同化混染（即AFC过程）,长英质火山岩很可能主要与地壳重熔有关,但并不能完全排除镁铁质岩浆的分离结晶作用.目前冈底斯中北部晚侏罗世-早白垩世火山岩地球化学数据揭示的成分变化、地壳厚度、与俯冲带的距离以及冈底斯带同期火山岩的分布特点暗示冈底斯中北部火山岩很可能与班公湖-怒江特提斯洋壳向南的俯冲作用有关.
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