华南与花岗岩有关的一种新类型的锡成矿作用：矿物化学、元素和同位素地球化学证据
New type of tin mineralization related to granite in South China:evidence from mineral chemistry, element and isotope geochemistry
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摘要: 华南是我国最重要的锡成矿省，产有大量的与花岗岩有关的大型-超大型锡多金属矿床。近年来，在湘南新探明一个超大型锡矿床-芙蓉锡矿床，其中，最重要的锡矿化产在骑田岭花岗岩体西南部的破碎蚀变带内，与绿泥石化密切相关。骑田岭花岗岩富含角闪石，具有较高的氧逸度，显示出准铝的地球化学特征，在花岗岩形成过程中发生过壳-幔岩浆混舍作用。这些特点都表明骑田岭花岗岩并不同于一般的S型含锡花岗岩，而显示出A型花岗岩的地球化学特征。同位素定年分析表明，芙蓉锡矿床主成矿阶段的形成时代要晚于骑田岭花岗岩侵位年龄近20Ma。氢、氧同位素分析表明，发生过水-岩反应的大气降水在成矿流体中占有很重要的地位。硫同位素分析表明花岗岩和地层都提供了成矿所需的硫。因此，用花岗岩浆结晶分异过程中分离出富锡的岩浆流体来形成锡矿的传统模式并不适合于解释芙蓉锡矿的形成。我们认为芙蓉锡矿的形成主要与骑田岭花岗岩的绿泥石化蚀变有关，循环的大气降水与花岗岩发生水-岩反应，富锡的铁镁矿物在蚀变成绿泥石的同时释放出Sn和Ti等金属到流体中，当物理化学条件改变时，沉淀形成锡矿体。这是一种比较独特的锡矿化模式，丰富了华南与花岗岩有关的锡矿化类型。
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Key words:
- Furong tin deposit /
- Qitianling granites /
- Chloritization /
- South China
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