华北克拉通北缘中生代花岗岩：从碰撞后到非造山
The Mesozoic granitoids in the northern marginal region of North China Craton: evolution from post-collisional to anorogenic settings
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摘要: 根据岩石地球化学特征，可以将华北克拉通北缘的中生代花岗岩类划分为钙碱性和高钾钙碱笥花岗岩、强过铝质淡色花岗岩、高锶花岗岩、碱质A型花岗岩和碱性花岗岩五个类型。强过铝质淡色花岗岩起源于泥砂质变沉积岩在地壳加厚和隆升过程中的减压脱水熔融；高锶花岗岩起源于强烈加厚陆壳的下部或壳幔过渡带的中酸性或基性岩石脱水部分熔融；碱质A型花岗岩和碱性花岗岩均为岩石圈伸展背景下的岩浆作用产物，但后者明确指示区域岩石圈已处于板内裂谷状态。在区域地质演化总体框架下，中生代各类型花岗质岩浆活动的时间序列，明确反映出区域地球动力学背景从碰撞后到非造山的演化过程：钙碱性和高钾钙碱性花岗岩＋强过铝质淡色花岗岩＋高锶花岗岩＋碱质A型花岗岩构成碰撞后花岗岩套，而碱性花岗岩＋碱质A型花岗岩则构成板内非造山花岗岩套。区域花岗岩浆活动的演化表明，华北克拉通北缘地区中生代重大构造 转折应发生在160－150Ma之间。在160Ma以前的中生代早中期，区域岩石圈仍处于碰撞后前期的强烈加厚的过程之中，该时期以出现大量的高锶花岗岩和少量过铝质淡色花岗岩为特征；150－110Ma期间为碰撞后晚期的区域岩石圈强烈伸展时期，该时期则以高锶花岗岩侵位事件的急剧减少和碱质A型花岗岩大量出现为特征。在大约110Ma左右，区域岩石圈基本减薄到正常厚度（35－40km），并进入板内非造山的裂谷阶段，此时以出现碱性花岗岩为特征。研究认为，贯穿整个碰撞后阶段的钙碱性和高钾钙碱性花岗岩之所以具有消减带岩浆的地球化学特征，是因为它们继承了碰撞前西伯利亚板块向华北板块消减阶段及同碰撞阶段已经活化的源区（包括富集的地幔楔及下地壳）性质。
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