新疆西准噶尔晚古生代以来构造样式与变形序列研究
Structural style and deformation sequence of western Junggar, Xinjiang, since Late Paleozoic
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摘要: 断裂构造的发育是不同地质历史、不同应力场条件下地壳应变的叠加。针对某一地域断裂构造的研究,理清其发育序次和不同阶段断裂系统对应的构造应力场,是了解区域大地构造性质演变的重要环节。新疆西准噶尔地区构造运动和岩浆活动非常强烈,是认识中亚构造域性质的重要研究基地,同时也为断裂构造和变形序次研究提供了很好的野外实验室。通过对研究区1500个构造面理产状数据的统计与分析,认为新疆西准噶尔地区主要发育以下几组构造面理:(1)290°走向;(2)10°~20°和80~90°走向;(3)40°~45°和320°~325°走向;(4)60°~70°和340°~350°走向。通过对野外构造现象、断裂之间的交切关系、断裂与相关地层及岩体的切割关系等的综合分析,结合遥感图像解译,确立了走滑断裂是西准噶尔地区晚古生代以来主要的构造样式,并建立了相应的变形序列:(1)大约在二叠纪晚期-三叠纪,由于准噶尔与中天山汇聚末期的区域性水平运动,受到北西-南东向的挤压应力作用,发育最早一期北西西向(290°左右)右旋走滑断裂;(2)侏罗纪-白垩纪,地层产状平缓,没有发现区域性构造变形证据;(3)古近纪,主要受制于太平洋构造域,受到北西-南东向挤压应力作用,发育北北东向(10°~20°)左旋与近东西向(80°~90°)右旋共轭走滑构造;(4)新近纪早期,受印度大陆和欧亚大陆碰撞的远程效应影响,应力场为近南北向,发育北东向(40°~45°)、北西向(320°~325°)走滑构造,新近纪晚期应力场发生了小角度顺时针旋转,构造形迹又转变为北东东向(60°~70°)和北北西向(340°~350°)。Abstract: A fault is superposition of crustal strain in different geological history and stress fields. Finding out the development sequence and tectonic stress field is very important for understanding the tectonic evolution. Because of intense tectonic process, the western Junggar of Xinjiang is not only a good field laboratory for studying faults and deformation sequence, but also a key area to understand the tectonic domain in central Asia. The statistics and analysis of 1,500 occurrences show that the following four groups of structural foliation have developed: (1) WNW 290°; (2)NNE 10°~20° and EW 80°~90°; (3)NE 40°~45° and NW 320°~325°; (4)ENE 60°~70° and NNW 340°~350°. Based on analysis of field structures, intersection and cutting relationships of faults, intrusions and strata, combining with remote sensing data, it is concluded that the strike-slipping fault is the main structural style in western Junggar since Late Paleozoic, and the deformation sequence is also determined. During Late Permian to Triassic, the earliest dextral faults striking WNW 290° were developed due to the NW-SE direction compressive stress derived by the convergence between the Junggar and the central Tianshan. During Jurassic-Cretaceous, the tectonic process was relatively stable. The conjugated strike-slipping structures with sinistral faults striking NNE 10°~20° and dextral ones trending EW 80°~90° had developed in Paleogene maybe due to the NW-SE compressive stress from the Pacific tectonic domain. In Early Neogene, the direction of stress field was nearly north-south as a result of the distant effect of collision between the Indian and the Eurasian continents, which resulted in the strike-slipping faults striking NE 40°~45° and NW 320°~325°. For the clockwise rotation of stress field, the structural directions were replaced by ENE 60°~70° and NNW 340°~350° in Late Neogene.
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Key words:
- Late Paleozoic /
- Strike-slipping fault /
- Deformation sequence /
- Western Junggar
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