华北东部岩石圈减薄中的下地壳过程:岩浆底侵、置换与拆沉作用
Lower crust processes during the lithosphere thinning in eastern China:magma underplating,replacement and delamination.Acta Petrologica Sinica,
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摘要: 最近研究表明,华北中生代岩石圈减薄不仅是岩石囤地幔减薄,而且下地壳也发生了一定程度的减薄和置换。本文强调下地壳过程,如岩浆底侵、置换和拆沉作用是理解岩石囤减薄机制的关键因素之一。火山岩及其捕虏体的信息似乎支持在华北东部南、北缘存在局部造山带型的下地壳与岩石囤的拆沉作用。但是华北东部整体上的减薄机制难以用造山带的拆沉模式来解释。华北东部克拉通内部的火山岩中的下地壳捕虏体有两类,一类是经历了麻粒岩相变质的底侵辉长岩和辉石岩以及榴辉岩相变质的石榴辉石岩,形成时代约在140~120Ma;另一类是经过了中生代变质叠加的前寒武纪麻粒岩。中生代华北东部曾发生过大规模的岩浆底侵作用,现今的下地壳很可能已大部分不是前寒武纪的下地壳,它们由中生代变质的辉长岩、镁铁质岩石以及经历了很强烈改造的前寒武纪下地壳麻粒岩组成。此外,在华北东部普遍存在着化学成分类似于“埃达克岩”的中生代高锶花岗岩类岩石,它们的形成与岩浆底侵作用和镁铁质下地壳的部分熔融有关,其熔融残留应是榴辉岩或石榴角闪岩。尽管如此,要通过下地壳部分熔融形成一个厚的密度很大的榴辉岩层,由它的重力不均衡来带动80~120公里厚的岩石圈地幔一起拆沉进入软流圈的机制很难发生在华北克拉通内部。岩浆底侵和置换作用是下地壳过程非常重要的形式,与岩石圈的减薄具有密切联系,其具体机制尚不完善。
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Key words:
- Lower crust /
- Lithospheric thinning /
- North China
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