The relationship between the Alxa Block and the North China Plate during the Early Paleozoic: New information from the Middle Ordovician detrial zircon ages in the eastern Alxa Block
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摘要:
阿拉善东缘奥陶纪地层位于鄂尔多斯(华北地块)与北祁连早古生代造山带之间的过渡地区, 该区的构造背景一直是长期争论的问题, 它涉及到阿拉善地块是否与华北地块相连、奥陶系的物源以及“贺兰拗拉槽”是否存在等问题。分布于阿拉善地块东缘的中奥陶统米钵山组的碎屑锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测试表明, 样品中数量最多的锆石年龄为900~950Ma, Alxa-1的峰值年龄为916Ma, Alxa-2的峰值年龄为953Ma, 次者在494~623Ma之间, 这个区间内存在多个峰值, 如Alxa-1存在505Ma和588Ma两个主要峰值, Alxa-2则存在494Ma、517Ma、623Ma等几个峰值。在2.5Ga左右两个样品都存在一个弱的峰值, Alxa-1峰值为2517Ma, 而Alxa-2峰值为2552 Ma和2670Ma。除此之外, 两个样品都有个别大于3.0Ga的成分, Alxa-1样品中最年轻的锆石为451±8Ma, Alxa-2样品则为483±4Ma。这些年龄以及沉积特征表明：(1)传统认为的奥陶纪“贺兰拗拉槽”并不存在, 鄂尔多斯西南缘地区以及阿拉善东部地区当时属于北祁连早古生代周缘前陆盆地系统；(2)早古生代主要物源来自北祁连造山带, 新元古代物源来自阿拉善地块；(3)鄂尔多斯西缘整个米钵山组的锆石年龄分布及其变化, 指示出北祁连造山带(岛弧)逐渐靠近阿拉善地块, 其间洋盆逐渐消失的过程；(4)阿拉善地块基底与华北有明显差别, 阿拉善地块明显受到新元古代和古生代构造热事件的影响, 两者可能是在中奥陶世或之后才拼贴在一起。
Abstract:Located between the North China Plate to the east, and the North Qilian Orogenic Belt to the southeast, the eastern Alxa Block is the key region to answer many controversies surrounding the tectonic setting of this region in the Early Paleozoic; among them the debates on the basement composition of the Alxa Block, whether the Alxa Block connected to the North China Plate in the Early Paleozoic, when exactly this event did happen, where the Lower Paleozoic sedimentary rocks along the southwestern Ordos had their provenances, and whether the so-called Helan Aulacogen formed in the Ordovician are the key questions to be solved. Laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy U-Pb dating of detrital zircons in two samples from Middle Ordovician sandstones to the west of Helan Shan located in the eastern Alxa Block yields a majority of 206Pb/238U ages between 900Ma and 950Ma with peak ages at 916Ma in Sample Alxa-1 and 953Ma in Sample Alxa-2, respectively, a smaller group yields 206Pb/238U ages between 494Ma and 623Ma with peak ages at 505Ma and 588Ma in Sample Alxa-1 and 494Ma, 517Ma and 623Ma in Sample Alxa-2, respectively. Two samples all have a minor peak age at ca. 2500Ma with 2517Ma in Alxa-1 and 2552Ma and 2670Ma in Alxa-2. Moreover, there are a few zircons older than 3000Ma. The youngest 206Pb/238U ages of the two samples are similar with 451±8Ma in Alxa-1 and 483±4Ma in Alxa-2. These zircon U-Pb ages combined with several lines of sedimentary evidence imply that the so-called Helan Aulacogen did not exist in the Ordovician; a peripheral foreland basin related to the North Qilian Orogenic Belt developed instead, the Early Paleozoic detritals mainly came from the North Qilian Arc, the Neoproterozoic detritals mainly came from the Alxa Block, the detrital zircon ages along the whole western Ordos showing that the North Qilian Orogenic Belt (Arc) came closer to the Alxa Block, and the ocean between them closed gradually, and the basement of the Alxa Block is different from that of North China Plate, the Alxa Block underwent important tectono-magmatic events during the Paleozoic and Neoproterozoic, which have not found in the North China Plate. The Alxa Block may connect with the North China Plate during the Middle Ordovician or after it.
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Key words:
- Middle Ordovician /
- Alxa Block /
- detrital zircon /
- Miboshan Formation /
- Helan Aulacogen
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图 1
研究区所在位置及前人所测部分同位素数据及其分布
Figure 1.
Geological map of study region and its vicinity showing the sample locations of others and this study and isotopic data of different magmatic rocks and metamorphic rocks of others around the study region
图 2
鄂尔多斯西缘地质图及不同研究的采样点分布
Figure 2.
Geological map of the western Ordos and sample locations of this study and others
图 3
研究区中奥陶统岩性及采样位置
Figure 3.
Stratigraphic column of the Middle Ordovician in the study region and sample locations of this study
图 4
Alxa-1(a, b)和Alxa-2(c, d)部分所测碎屑锆石CL图像及所测年龄
Figure 4.
CL images of some detrital zircons from Alxa-1(a, b) and Alxa-2 (c, d) and their U-Pb ages
图 5
Alxa-1(a)和Alxa-2(b)样品207Pb/235U-206Pb/238U谐和线图
Figure 5.
207Pb/235U-206Pb/238U concordia diagrams of single detrital zircon grains of Alxa-1(a) and Alxa-2(b) from this study
图 6
Alxa-1(a)和Alxa-2(b)样品碎屑锆石年龄频谱
Figure 6.
Age histograms of detrital zircon samples from Alxa-1(a) and Alxa-2(b)
图 7
研究区周围奥陶系碎屑锆石年龄谱分布
Figure 7.
Relative age probability diagrams of the Ordovician strata in the study region and its vicinity
图 8
鄂尔多斯西缘泥盆系磨拉石沉积(a)和泥盆系磨拉石与香山群之间的角度不整合(b)
Figure 8.
Devonian molasse in the western margin of Ordos (a) and unconformity between the Devonian molasse and the Middle Cambrian Xiangshan Group (b) in the western margin of Ordos
图 9
阿拉善基底年龄频谱(a, 数据据耿元生等, 2002, 2006, 2007, 2010；耿元生和周喜文, 2010；董春艳等, 2007；李献华等, 2004；Li et al., 2005；李俊建等, 2004；修群业等, 2002, 2004；周红英等, 2007；彭润民等, 2010；Dan et al., 2011b)和龙首山岩群碎屑锆石年龄频谱(b, 数据董国安等, 2007)
Figure 9.
Age histogram of Alxa basement (a, data after Geng et al., 2002, 2006, 2007, 2010; Geng and Zhou, 2010; Dong et al., 2007; Li et al., 2004; Li et al., 2005; Li et al., 2006; Xiu et al., 2002, 2004; Zhou et al., 2007; Peng et al., 2010; Dan et al., 2011b) and age histogram of detrital zircon samples from the Longshou Mountain (b, data after Tung et al., 2007)
图 10
龙首山岩群碎屑锆石年龄谱(a, 据董国安等, 2007)、鄂尔多斯西缘基底组成年龄谱(b, 根据元古宇、寒武系、奥陶系碎屑锆石统计；据Darby and Gehrels, 2006)、阿拉善地块基底组成年龄谱(c, 文献同图 9a)和龙首山岩群、华北以及阿拉善地块基底组成年龄谱比较(d)
Figure 10.
Relative age probability diagram of detrital zircon grains from the Longshou Mountain (a, after Tung et al., 2007), Zhuozishan Mountain (b, based on detrital zircon ages of Proterozoic, Cambrian and Ordovician strata; Darby and Gehrels, 2006), relative age probability diagram of the Alxa basement (c, the same references in Fig. 9a) and comparison of the relative age probabilities of the Longshou Mountain, North China and Alxa basement (d)
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