Subsidence analysis of the Cenozoic Lunpola basin, central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
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摘要:
新生代伦坡拉盆地位于青藏高原中部，拉萨地体与羌塘地体间班公湖-怒江缝合带之上。伦坡拉盆地及缝合带上其他陆相盆地的形成反映了班怒带缝合之后的再活化过程。盆地内部主要沉积了始新世-中新世牛堡组与丁青湖组两套地层，虽然后期的风化剥蚀和地表第四纪覆盖对获取野外露头资料造成了一定影响，但20世纪50年代以来大规模的钻井勘探为研究区域大地构造和沉积盆地演化提供了重要依据。为重建伦坡拉盆地的沉降史，本文对盆地中11条钻井剖面和1条实测剖面进行了回剥分析。沉降曲线显示盆地经历了两个明显不同的沉降阶段和一个缓慢抬升阶段。初始的快速沉降开始于始新世，在区域伸展作用下上地壳破裂形成半地堑型盆地，并开始在滨浅湖环境中沉积牛堡组地层。这一过程中伴有左行走滑。渐新世早期，受构造活动之后热量传导的影响，前期快速沉降被缓慢热沉降取代，沉降中心向北东方向迁移，并在半深湖-深湖环境下沉积丁青湖组地层。与此同时印度板块不断向北俯冲，在挤压作用下热沉降逐渐减弱并提前结束。中新世波尔多阶基底开始构造抬升，盆地不断发生挤压变形，并最终形成了现今的构造格局。
Abstract:The Cenozoic Lunpola basin is located in the Bangong-Nujiang sutures (BNS) between Lhasa and Qiangtang terranes of central Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Together with other continental basins in the sutures, Lunpola basin which deposits two Eocene-Miocene formations of Niubao and Dingqing reflects the re-activation of BNS. Despite the later erosion and extensive Quaternary coverage, large-scale drilling exploration since the 1950s provides fundamental data base for the study of the regional tectonic and sedimentary basin evolution. To reconstruct the subsidence history of Lunpola basin, 1 measured and 11 drilling sections were backstripped in this study. Subsidence curves indicate that the basin was characterized by two distinct phases of subsidence and a slow uplift phase. The initial rapid subsidence occurred in the Eocene, during which Niubao Formation was deposited in a shore-shallow lake environment of half-graben which was formed by fracture of upper crust in the regional extension with sinistral strike-slip. Slower subsidence which is consistent with heat conduction following the mechanical extension took place in Oligocene along with deposition of Dingqing Formation in a semi deep-deep lake environment, and the subsidence center migrated towards the north-east in this period. At the same time, in the compression settings produced by northward subduction of the Indian plate thermal subsidence gradually weakened and ended prematurely. The basement began to uplift in Burdigalian Miocene, basin was compressionally deformed, and eventually formed the present tectonic framework.
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Key words:
- Lunpola basin /
- Subsidence history /
- Evolution analysis /
- Cenozoic /
- Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
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图 1
新生代伦坡拉盆地大地构造位置及区域地质简图(据西藏自治区地质调查院, 2002①, 2003②; 吉林省地质调查院, 2003③, 2006④; He et al., 2012编制)
Figure 1.
The tectonic position and regional geological map of Cenozoic Lunpola basin (after He et al., 2012)
图 2
伦坡拉盆地地震剖面图(据赵建成, 2011修改)
Figure 2.
Seismic cross section in Lunpola basin (modified after Zhao, 2011)
图 4
去压实作用简图(据Allen and Allen, 2005; Sciunnach and Garzanti, 2012修改)
Figure 4.
Decompaction scheme (modified after Allen and Allen, 2005; Sciunnach and Garzanti, 2012)
图 5
地壳均衡原理模式图(据Einsele, 1992; 王成善和李祥辉, 2003修改)
Figure 5.
Isostatic model (modified after Einsele, 1992; Wang and Li, 2003)
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