Discovery of Early Devonian adakite in West Junggar, Xinjiang: Implications for geotectonics and Cu mineralization
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摘要:
新疆西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯(Boshchekul-Chingiz) 岩浆弧南缘，额敏县东南约100km的阿克乔克含铜花岗闪长岩和花岗闪长斑岩，其锆石U-Pb年龄为410.5±2.9Ma，形成于泥盆世早期。岩石具有埃达克岩的地球化学特征，表现为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性，SiO2含量在61%~66%之间，具高Al (Al2O3=15.67%~16.87%)、Sr (475×10-6~879×10-6) 及高Sr/Y比值(36~77)，低Y (9.87×10-6~14.46×10-6)、Yb (0.96×10-6~1.49×10-6)，富钠贫钾(Na2O=4.25%~5.58%，K2O=2.26%~3.27%，Na2O/K2O=1.40~2.47)，MgO=1.51%~2.58%, Mg#=41~48, 并显示富集强不相容元素(Ba、Rb、Sr、Th、U) 和LREE，(La/Yb)N=6.0~10.2, 强烈亏损高场强元素(Nb-Ta、Ti)，Y/Yb=10, 无Eu异常(Eu/Eu*≈1.0) 和HREE呈平坦型的配分特点，以及与环太平洋新生代埃达克岩相当的Rb/Sr (0.04~0.07) 和La/Ce (0.42~0.51) 比值，但偏低的Nb/U比值可能与俯冲沉积物加入有关。阿克乔克花岗闪长岩及花岗闪长斑岩是早泥盆世早期库吉拜-和布克赛尔(Kujibai-Hebukesaier) 及洪古勒楞蛇绿岩带所代表的古大洋向南俯冲的玄武质洋壳部分熔融的产物，源区残留相主要为角闪石+辉石+石榴石，源岩应为石榴角闪岩；阿克乔克早泥盆世埃达克岩及谢米斯台-赛尔山晚志留世-早泥盆世A-型花岗岩(422~405Ma, Chen et al., 2010) 构造岩浆岩带可东延至扎河坝-阿尔曼太蛇绿岩带之北的岛弧带，构成一条贯穿东、西准噶尔北部的巨型构造带；阿克乔克埃达克岩伴有斑岩型Cu成矿作用，因此，在东、西准噶尔博什库尔-成吉斯-达拉特-巴依塔格巨型岩浆弧带有可能存在与埃达克岩有关的Cu-Au矿带。
Abstract:The accretionary orogenic belt of West Junggar, Xijiang, are accepted as the products of subduction, accretion, and tectonic assembly of the oceanic terranes due to the closure of paleo-Asian ocean in Paleozoic, in which the many ophiolitic mélange zones, subduction-related plutons, volcanic-sedimentary rocks and arc igneous rocks, and post-collisional granitoids developed and studied well, but early Late-Paleozoic adakites are not definitely reported. The Akeqiaoke Cu-bearing granotoids, located about 100km southeast of Erming County, tectonically in the south margin of Boshchekul-Chingiz island arc of the West Junggar, formed in Early Devonian, and are 410.5±2.9Ma of LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages. They have geochemical features suggestive of the adakites from the circum-Pacific. The plutons exhibit high-K and calc-alkaline composition with SiO2(61%~66%), high Al (Al2O3=15.67%~16.87%), Sr (475×10-6~879×10-6), Na (Na2O=4.25%~5.58%) contents, and Sr/Y (36~77) and Na2O/K2O (1.40~2.47) ratios, as well as MgO (1.51%~2.58%) and Mg# (41~48), coupled with low Y (9.87×10-6~14.46×10-6) and Yb (0.96×10-6~1.49×10-6). Furthermore, they display obviously rich in strongly incompatible elements (Ba, Rb, Sr, Th and U) and LREE with (La/Yb)N, Rb/Sr, La/Ce ratios of 6.0~10.2, 0.04~0.07, 0.42~0.51, respectively, but depleted in HFSEs (Nb-Ta and Ti), HREE with Y/Yb ratio of 10, no Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*≈1.0). However, compared with the modern adakites, they exhibit lower Cr, Ni contents and (La/Yb)N and Nb/U ratios, as well as flat HREE patterns, indicating these adakitic magmas were formed by relatively high degree of slab-melting, low reaction of the melt with mantle and input of subducted sedimentary components. The studied results show that the plutons of Early Devonian from Akeqiaoke were products resulted from the slab melting of the southward subduction of paleo-ocean represented by the Kujibai-Hebukesaier and Hongguleleng ophiolitic belts, with the residual minerals (eg. amphibole + pyroxene + garnet) in the source of garnet amphibolite, and that the mid-Paleozoic tectono-magmatic belt of the Akeqiaoke adakites and the alkali-feldspar granitoids (422~405Ma, Chen et al., 2010) in the Xiemisitai Shan, formed in arc setting, could extend eastward to the island arc north of the Zaheba-Aermantai ophiolite; and that the Cu-bearing adakite indicative of good Cu (Au) mineralization potential of porphyry type in the Mid-Paleozoic mega-tectonomagmatic belt.
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Key words:
- Adakite /
- Slab-melting /
- Tectonomagmatic Belt /
- Early Devonian /
- Cu (Au) Mineralization /
- West Junggar
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图 1
西准噶尔大地构造示意图(a、b分别据孙敏等，2009; Han et al., 2010修改) 及研究区地质图(c)
Figure 1.
Schematic tectonic map showing main tectonic units of the West Junggar (a and b, after Sun et al., 2009; Han et al., 2010, respectively) and geological map of study area (c)
图 2
阿克乔克花岗岩锆石阴极发光图像
Figure 2.
Cathodoluminescense images (CL) of representative zircons from the granitoids
图 3
阿克乔克花岗岩锆石U-Pb年龄协调图
Figure 3.
U-Pb concordia diagrams showing zircons for the granitoids from Akeqiaoke
图 4
岩石SiO2-K2O图解(据Peceerllo and Taylor, 1976)
Figure 4.
SiO2-K2O diagram for the granitoids (after Peceerllo and Taylor, 1976)
图 5
岩石Na-K-Ca图解(据Barker and Arth, 1976; Martin, 1999)
Figure 5.
Na-K-Ca diagram for the granitoids (after Barker and Arth, 1976; Martin, 1999)
图 6
阿克乔克花岗岩原始地幔标准化的微量元素蛛网图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 6.
PM-normalized trace element patterns for the granitoids in the Akeqiaoke region (normalized values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 7
阿克乔克花岗岩稀土元素配分图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 7.
Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the granitoids in the Akeqiaoke region (normalized values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 8
阿克乔克花岗岩Sr/Y-Y (据Defant and Drummond, 1990) 和La/Yb-Yb (据Drummond and Defant, 1990) 图解
Figure 8.
Plots of Sr/Y versus Y (after Defant and Drummond, 1990) and La/Yb versus Yb (after Drummond and Defant, 1990) diagrams
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