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摘要: 位于青藏高原北缘的新疆于田阿什库勒火山群地区是中国大陆现代火山和地震活动最活跃的构造区之一,是研究青藏高原演化的重要窗口,但由于地处高海拔(4700~5600m.a.s.l.)无人区,研究程度还很低,甚至还不曾开展过系统详细的野外地质调查。本文报道最近在这一地区的一次野外考察结果,在前人鲜为涉足的阿什库勒盆地北部发现了苏贝稀1号、苏贝稀2号和托甫热三个火山口,并且在前人有争议的盆地南部高台山地区找到确凿的证据,重新认定高台山火山的存在。我们还在高台山和椅子山火山之间考察了前人未曾报道的小黑沟火山。由小黑沟流向乌鲁克库勒湖的火山熔岩流动和冷却过程中形成的熔岩冢等火山地质景观在严酷的荒漠环境中迄今仍然保存完好,表明小黑山火山很可能是一座全新世的火山,是本次考察到的最年轻的火山。Abstract: Located at the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Ashikule Volcanic Field is one of very few areas with both active volcanic and strong seismic activities in China. It constitutes a window into the tectonic evolution of the Tibetan Plateau. However, so far the level of geological study in this region is very low, mainly due to the inaccessibility related to its high altitude (4700~5600m.a.s.l.) and remote geographic settings. Indeed, the geological and volcanic features in this area have not been fully explored. In this field survey report, we identified three new volcanic craters, namely Subeixi-1, Subeixi-2, and Tuofure, on the north side of the Ashikule Basin which had barely been covered by previous geological explorations. On the relatively better known south side of the basin, we uncovered several pieces of evidence to reconfirm the existence of the Gaotaishan volcanic crater which had been disputed by some researchers. In between the Gaotaishan and Yizishan, we discovered another crater, the Xiaoheigou volcanic crater. Well preserved tumuli and other fresh volcanic features were found on the path of the lava flow from the Xiaoheigou crater into the Lake Wulukekule, suggesting that the Xiaoheigou volcano is likely a Holocene volcano. It is the youngest among the volcanic craters we visited during our field excursion.
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Key words:
- New evidence /
- Holocene /
- Ashikule Volcano /
- Tibetan Plateau
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