哈萨克斯坦环巴尔喀什斑岩铜矿地质与成矿背景研究
Geological features and tectonic setting of porphyry copper deposits rounding the Balkhash region, Central Kazakhstan, Central Asia
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摘要: 中哈萨克斯坦位于中亚造山带中部,是中亚型造山带及中亚斑岩铜矿成矿域的重要组成部分,已发现数十个大型和超大型矿床,成群成带分布。主要的斑岩铜矿类型有斑岩铜-金矿、斑岩铜矿、斑岩铜钼矿,大多具同期火山岩。已建立的热液蚀变分带模式具有碱性蚀变和酸性蚀变两个阶段,已有的硫铅同位素数据表明成矿物质来源于深部。该地区的斑岩铜矿形成与多阶段构造演化有关,早古生代的斑岩铜矿与岛弧演化的早阶段有关,而晚古生代的斑岩铜矿与泥盆纪火山—岩浆弧、石炭纪—二叠纪的火山—岩浆弧有关。从中哈萨克斯坦的北西向南东方向,斑岩铜矿的形成时代逐渐变年轻。虽然经过数十年的研究,但该地区的有关斑岩铜矿的精细时空结构仍未建立。因此,含矿斑岩体与蚀变矿化年龄的精确测定、区域成矿地球动力学背景及其演化、斑岩铜矿的精细时空结构、与中国邻区的构造—岩浆—成矿带的连接对比将是以后的研究方向。Abstract: Central Kazakhstan located in the center of the Central Asia Orogenic Belt (CAOB), is one of the largest porphyry copper deposit metallogenic domains, wherein hosts tens of large and superlarge ore deposits. In the area, three major subtypes of porphyry copper deposits have been recognized: porphyry Cu-Au deposits, porphyry Cu deposits and porphyry Cu-Mo deposits, mostly associated with contemporaneous volcanic rocks. Established alteration zonation consists of alkaline and acidic alterations.δ34S(CDT) values of sulfides from porphyry copper deposits range from -7.1‰ to 4.2‰,showing a deep source. Pb isotope analyses reveal that ore-forming materials were generated from lower crust and upper mantle. In the central Kazakhstan multistage tectonic evolutions were followed by formation of multistage porphyry copper deposits. Early Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits have been formed during early stages of island arcs evolution, but late Paleozoic porphyry copper deposits are confined in the Devonian volcano-plutonic belts, and then Carboniferous-Permian volcano-plutonic belts. From northwest to southeast towards the central Kazakhstan, ore-forming ages of porphyry copper deposits are successively younger. Whereas study on porphyry copper deposits in the region throughout tens years, some key problems yet remain uncertain,e.g. high-precise age-dating on intrusive stocks and mineralizations for the major porphyry copper deposits, temparol-spatial distribution framwork and geodynamic settings. The linkage and comprehensive correlation between Balkhash porphyry copper belt and adjacent Chinese western Jungar and western Tienshan is of great significance for further exploration.
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Key words:
- Porphyry copper deposits /
- Geological features /
- Geodynamics /
- Balkhash /
- Central Kazakhstan /
- Central Asia
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