哀牢山造山型金成矿系统:复合造山构造演化与成矿作用初探
Superimposed orogenesis and metallogenesis: An example from the orogenic gold deposits in Ailaoshan gold belt, Southwest China
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摘要: 哀牢山金矿带是我国最重要的喜马拉雅期造山型金矿带,形成于三江特提斯复合造山过程中。论文基于对哀牢山复合造山带区域构造背景、控矿构造系统演化、金成矿期次及其时代的系统研究,从金成矿年代序列、成矿过程构造控制及成矿作用动力学环境三个方面,探讨了复合造山过程中的金矿成矿作用。研究结果表明,哀牢山金矿带发育三期金矿成矿-热事件:早期金成矿作用(61.55~63.09Ma)对应于逆冲推覆构造系统最为发育的时期,与剪切走滑断裂构造的形成同步,显示它们统一受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞早期的强烈汇聚挤压构造动力学体制;主期金成矿作用(33.76~36.10Ma)对应于区域挤压构造应力场的相对松弛阶段以及富碱斑岩和剪切走滑断裂构造系统最为发育的时期,受控于印度-亚洲大陆碰撞构造动力学转换体制,并可能受青藏高原物质东向逃逸和软流圈脉动隆起的联合制约,金矿大规模成矿作用与构造动力体制转换过程中的壳幔物质强烈交换与构造变形密切相关;晚期金成矿作用(26.40~30.80Ma)对应于岩石圈伸展作用的发生以及亏损地幔减压熔融产生的板内高钾岩浆岩的就位,受控于印度板块反向旋转拖曳与斜向俯冲回退的综合作用。Abstract: Ailaoshan golden belt, one of the most important Himalayan orogenic-type gold belts in China, formed during the processes of superimposed orogenesis in Sanjiang Tethys. The relationship between the processes of superimposed orogenesis and gold mineralization has been discussed in terms of the studies of tectonic setting, evolution of ore-controlling structures, timing and sequence of gold mineralization. The results show that there were three tectonic-thermal events related to gold mineralization. The early gold mineralization, occurred from 61.55Ma to 63.09Ma, corresponds the peak period of the thrust system and generation of strike-slip fault, indicates they were mainly controlled by the strongly early convergence geodynamic regime of India-Euraisa conllision. The main gold mineralization, occurred from 33.76Ma to 36.10Ma, which related to the relaxation of regional compressive stress field and corresponding to the generation of alkali-rich porphyry and booming of strike-slip faults, reveals that they were mainly controlled by the transition of geodynamic regime of India-Euraisa collision, and eastward escapation of the Tibetan Plateau, and pulsating uplift of asthenosphere. The late gold mineralization, occurred from 26.40Ma to 30.80Ma, corresponds the extension of lithosphere and the intrusion of high-K plutons which came from the depleted mantle and formed during the decompression period in internal plate, were mainly controlled by the oblique reverse rotation and rollback subduction of India Plate.
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