Origin and geodynamic settings of the Indosinian high Sr/Y granitoids in the West Qinling: An example from the Shehaliji pluton in Tongren area
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摘要: 西秦岭印支期花岗岩类分布十分广泛,形成时代集中于248~234Ma和224~211Ma两个阶段.其中,夏河岩体(248~238Ma)和温泉岩体(223~216Ma)的部分样品被厘定为埃达克岩(Sr>400×10-6,Yb-6),指示陆壳厚度大于50km.本文对西秦岭同仁地区舍哈力吉岩体进行了锆石U-Pb定年、岩石学、地球化学和Sr-Nd同位素研究.舍哈力吉岩体主要由石英二长岩组成,同时含有许多暗色镁铁质微粒包体(MME).寄主岩中发育少量的钾长石巨晶,并且部分巨晶具有环斑结构.舍哈力吉石英二长岩化学成分比较均一,而且也显示出类似埃达克岩的一些地球化学特点,如富SiO2(66.07%~67.52%)和Al2O3(14.85%~15.95%),高Sr(560×10-6~692×10-6),低Y(11.4×10-6~12.9×10-6)和Yb(0.99×10-6~1.09×10-6),并具有较高的(La/Yb)N比值(27.8~34.3)和微弱的负Eu异常(δEu=0.77~0.95).锆石U-Pb测年结果为234.1±0.5Ma,表明其形成于印支早期.岩石为偏铝质、高钾钙碱性系列且K2O/Na2O>1,高Mg#(59~60)、Cr(69.1×10-6~81.2×10-6)和Ni(31.6×10-6~36.1×10-6),以富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、U)而相对亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ti、P)为特征,(87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7075~0.7077,εNd(t)=-6.3~-6.1,亏损地幔模式年龄为1.25~1.33Ga.舍哈力吉石英二长岩起源于石榴角闪岩相古老下地壳的部分熔融,之后经历了壳幔岩浆混合作用和以斜长石为主的分离结晶作用.寄主岩的环斑结构和相对一致的地球化学特征,很可能是高温幔源熔体对壳源富钾高黏度岩浆改造所导致的晶粥快速再活化的结果.西秦岭在印支早期可能并未经历显著的地壳加厚过程.西秦岭印支早期花岗岩类形成于活动大陆边缘局部伸展环境,可能与古特提斯洋壳俯冲极性的改变有关.Abstract: Indosinian granitoids are widespread in the West Qinling and were mainly formed in two stages with ages of 248~234Ma and 224~211Ma, respectively. Some samples of the Xiahe pluton (248~238Ma) and the Wenquan pluton (223~216Ma) were considered to bear a geochemical resemblance to adakite (Sr>400×10-6,Yb-6),which pointed to a thickened crust with corresponding depth of >50km. In this paper, a detailed study of the zircon U-Pb dating, petrology, geochemistry and Sr-Nd isotopes was made for the Shehaliji pluton in Tongren area, West Qinling. This pluton is predominantly composed of quartz monzonite, associated with abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MME). The host rocks contain a certain amount of K-feldspar megacrysts, some of which display rapakivi texture. The quartz monzonite show relatively identical compositions that are geochemically similar to adakite, e.g., high SiO2 (66.07%~67.52%), Al2O3 (14.85%~15.95%), Sr (560×10-6~692×10-6), (La/Yb)N ratios (27.8~34.3), and low Y (11.4×10-6~12.9×10-6) and Yb (0.99×10-6~1.09×10-6), and weakly negative Eu anomalies (δEu=0.77~0.95). Zircon U-Pb dating yields an age of 234.1±0.5Ma for the host,indicative of parts of the Early Indosinian magmatism. They are metaluminous and high potassic calc-alkaline with K2O/Na2O>1, and display high Mg# (59~60), Cr (69.1×10-6~81.2×10-6) and Ni (31.6×10-6~36.1×10-6). They are also characterized by the enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, Th, U) and relative depletion in high field strength elements (Nb, Ti, P),and have (87Sr/86Sr)i ratios of 0.7075~0.7077 and εNd(t) values of -6.3~-6.1,with depleted mantle model ages ranging from 1.25~1.33Ga. The Shehaliji quartz monzonite was sourced from partial melting of the garnet amphibolite in the old lower crust, and then mixed with mafic magmas and suffered fractional crystallization mainly of plagioclase. The rapakivi texture and relatively homogeneous geochemical features of the host most likely resulted from the rapid remobilization process of the highly viscous crustal-derived crystal mushes, which had a genetic link with the hot mantle-derived melts. The West Qinling might not experience remarkable crustal thickening process in the Early Indosinian. The Early Indosinian granitoids in the West Qinling were formed in an active continental margin, triggered by local extension that was probably attributed to an abrupt change of the polarity of subduction of the Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust.
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Key words:
- Indosinian /
- Granitoid /
- High Sr/Y and La/Yb /
- Rapakivi texture /
- Crustal thickness /
- West Qinling
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