摘要:
车户沟钼-铜矿床是华北克拉通北缘西拉沐伦钼矿带上典型的斑岩型Mo-Cu矿床,位于华北克拉通北缘断裂南侧。矿床赋存于成矿母岩花岗斑岩及其围岩中,矿化类型以细脉浸染状矿化为主,还存在隐爆角砾岩型矿化和石英脉型矿化。根据脉体类型和矿物组合将车户沟钼-铜矿床划分为四个成矿阶段,分别为(1)辉钼矿-黄铁矿-石英阶段、(2)黄铜矿+黄铁矿±辉钼矿+石英阶段 、(3)黄铁矿+石英阶段、(4)石英+碳酸盐±萤石阶段。成矿流体寄主矿物石英中发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)、Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体、Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)包裹体、Ⅴ型纯气相(V)包裹体和Ⅵ型纯液相(L)六种类型。流体包裹体类型从早到晚具有规律性演化特征,表现为阶段(1)、(2)以发育Ⅰ型含CO2三相包裹体(LCO2+VCO2+LH2O)和Ⅱ型含子晶三相(V-L+S)包裹体为特征,成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4)以发育Ⅲ型富气相(V-L)包裹体、Ⅳ型富液相(L-V)水溶液包裹体为特征。从早阶段到晚阶段成矿流体温度及盐度具有规律性演化特征。均一温度峰值分别为270~400℃、230~370℃、160~290℃、120~230℃,成矿温度逐渐降低;流体盐度,阶段(1)流体盐度分两组:3.39%~14.25% NaCleqv和31.01%~>66.75% NaCleqv、阶段(2)流体盐度分两组:1.23%~12.85% NaCleqv 和 31.14%~64.33% NaCleqv、阶段(3)、(4)盐度分别介于1.05%~21.47% NaCleqv和2.07%~10.73% NaCleqv,盐度逐渐降低。激光拉曼显微探针(LRM)及群体包裹体成分分析结果表明,流体体系成分以H2O、CO2、Cl-、SO42-、Na+为主,贫F-、Ca2+、Mg2+为特征,特征离子比值暗示流体来源于岩浆流体。包裹体岩相学及包裹体测温表明,流体由早期的高温、高盐度、含二氧化碳NaCl-H2O-CO2体系岩浆流体在主成矿阶段(1)、(2)发生流体包裹体的沸腾作用和相分离,伴随流体沸腾、CO2逸失、温度降低等过程导致大量金属硫化物沉淀。成矿晚期阶段(3)、(4),成矿体系趋于开放,流体存在大气降水混入演化为晚期中-低温、中-低盐度贫CO2的NaCl-H2O流体体系。成矿作用机制上沸腾作用是导致主成矿期辉钼矿、黄铜矿沉淀成矿的重要机制。成矿作用晚期阶段(3)、(4)流体混合作用成为成矿作用的主导机制。
Abstract:
Chehugou Mo-Cu deposit is a typical porphyry Mo-Cu deposit in the Xilamulun molybdenum metallogenic belt on the northern margin of North China Craton (MNCC). It locates to the south of the MNCC fault. The orebodies are mainly hosted in granite porphyry. The Mo mineralization is characterized by veinlet-disseminated mineralization as well as breccia type and quartz vein type mineralization. According to crosscutting relationships of different veins and mineral parageneses, ore-forming process can be divided into four stages: (1) the pyrite-molybdenite-quartz stage; (2) the pyrite -chalcopyrite-quartz±molybdenite stage; (3) the pyrite-quartz stage; and (4) the quartz-carbonate±fluorite stage. Petrographic study of fluid inclusions suggests that six dominant types of fluid inclusions related to metallogensis are present in the deposit: Ⅰ-Type CO2-bearing three-phase (LCO2+VCO2+LH2O), Ⅱ-Type daughter-minerals bearing three-phase (V-L+S), Ⅲ-Type gas-rich (V-L), Ⅳ-Type liquid-rich (L-V), Ⅴ-Type pure gas (V) and Ⅵ-Type pure liquid (L) phase inclusions. Types of fluid inclusions regulary evolves from the early stage to the late stage. Fluid inclusions in the first and the second stage are characterized with Ⅰ-Type CO2-bearing three-phase (LCO2+VCO2+LH2O) and Ⅱ-Type daughter-minerals bearing three-phase (V-L+S) inclusion. But in the later the third and the fourth stage which are characterized with Ⅲ-Type gas-rich (V-L) and Ⅳ-Type liquid-rich (L-V) inclusion. Homogenization temperatures and salinities of ore-forming fluid also regularly evolves from the early stage to the late stage. The peak value of Homogenization temperatures of different stages are separately 270~400℃, 230~370℃, 160~290℃, 120~230℃, showing a reducing tendency from the early stage to the late stage; Fluid salinities of the first stage could subdivide into two groups: 3.39%~14.25% NaCleqv and 31.01%~>66.75% NaCleqv. Fluid salinities of the second stage also could be subdivided into two groups: 1.23%~12.85% NaCleqv and 31.14%~64.33% NaCleqv. Fluid salinities of the third and the fourth stage are separately 1.05%~21.47% NaCleqv and 2.07%~10.73% NaCleqv, which is showing a reducing tendency. Laser Raman spectroscopic and inclusion groups components studies indicate that components of ore-forming fluid mostly contains H2O, CO2, Cl-, SO42-, Na+ and minor F-, Ca2+, Mg2+. Diagnostic ion ratios indicates that ore-forming fluid is derived from magmatic fluid. Petrographic and microthermometric study indicate that the early first and the second stage high temperature, high salinities, CO2-bearing NaCl-H2O-CO2 system ore-forming fluid occurs boiling and phase separation. With fluid boiling, CO2 escaping and temperature decreasing, abundant metal sulfides precipitate. In the later third and fourth stage, ore-forming fluid system tends to open when atmospheric condensation interfuses into the system; ore-forming fluid evolves to middle-low temperature, middle-low salinitie and CO2-poor NaCl-H2O system. Boiling characterized the early ore-forming stage which leads to the precipitation of molybdenite and chalcopyrite, while in the later third and the fourth ore-forming stage fluid mixing is the leading minerogenesis mechanism.