Geochronology, geochemistry and tectonic significance of Guniujiang A-type granite in Anhui Province
-
摘要:
皖南地区牯牛降岩体位于扬子板块东南缘，江南隆起带内。本文报道了牯牛降花岗岩体新的锆石U-Pb年龄和地球化学数据，并对岩体成因及其构造意义进行了探讨。锆石原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年表明牯牛降岩体的形成年龄为130.1±1.3Ma (95% confidence, MSWD=0.55)。结合己发表的其他高质量锆石U-Pb同位素年龄数据表明皖南地区花岗岩的形成年龄主要集中在125~130Ma。牯牛降花岗岩为高钾钙碱性、准铝质岩石，SiO2含量为72.21%~74.85%，具有高K2O含量(>5.11%)、高铁值(FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)>0.91) 和K2O/Na2O比值(>1.61)，低MgO和CaO含量的特征。微量元素地球化学性质上表现为强烈亏损Ba、Sr、Eu (Eu*/Eu=0.29~0.30)，富集REE (>419×10-6)、Rb、Th和U，较高的高场强元素Zr、Nb、Y和Ga含量。主量和微量元素均表现为A型花岗岩的特征。非常低的Mg#值(0.14~0.16) 和较低Cr含量(Cr=10×10-6)，高Yb (7.08×10-6~9.02×10-6)、Y (78.7×10-6~90.8×10-6) 含量和较高的Th/U比值(5.17~7.79) 说明古老地壳物质的部分熔融可能是牯牛降岩体主要形成机制。牯牛降A2型花岗岩特征代表了拉张的碰撞后构造环境。
Abstract:The Guniujiang intrusion in southern Anhui Province is located at the southeastern boundary of Yangtze plate, and situated in Jiangnan uplift. Here we report new zircon U-Pb age and geochemical data, and discuss the petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the Guniujiang granite. Laser ablation ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating suggests that the age of the Guniujiang granite is 130.1±1.3Ma (95% confidence, MSWD=0.55). Combined with other available high-precision zircon U-Pb data, the ages of these granites from southern Anhui are mainly concentrated in 125~130Ma. The Guniujiang granite is a high calc-alkaline and metaluminous granite with SiO2 contents of 72.21%~74.85%, and high K2O (>5.11%), Fe values (FeOT/(FeOT+MgO)>0.91), and K2O/Na2O ratios (>1.61). The rock also shows relatively high Zr, Nb, Y and Ga concentrations, enriched in REE (>419×10-6) and strong incompatible elements such as Rb, Th and U, low CaO and MgO, extremely depleted in Ba, Sr, and Eu (Eu*/Eu=0.29~0.30). The geochemical characteristics indicate that this granite belongs to A-type. The very low Mg# values (0.14~0.16) and relatively low Cr concentration (Cr=10×10-6), high Yb (7.08×10-6~9.02×10-6), Y (78.7×10-6~90.8×10-6) concentrations and Th/U ratios (5.17~7.79) show that the partial melting of old continental crust materials might have been the main mechanism for petrogenesis of the Guniujiang granite. The Guniujiang granite can be classified into A2 subtype, which is usually believe to be formed under a post-collision extensional tectonic setting.
-
-
图 2
牯牛降花岗岩的野外照片(a) 和显微照片(b)
Figure 2.
Field photo (a) and photomicrograph (b) illustrating minerals of the Guniujiang granite
图 3
牯牛降花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄谐和图
Figure 3.
LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb concordia diagram for Guniujiang granite
图 4
牯牛降花岗岩锆石稀土元素球粒陨石模式图(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 4.
Zircon chondrite-normalized REE diagram of Guniujiang granite (normalizing values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 5
K2O-SiO2 (a) 和A/NK-A/CNK (b, 据Rickwood, 1989) 图解
Figure 5.
Diagrams of K2O-SiO2 (a) and A/NK-A/CNK (b, after Rickwood, 1989)
图 7
牯牛降花岗岩稀土元素配分图(a) 和微量元素蛛网图(b)(标准化值据Sun and McDonough, 1989)
Figure 7.
Rare earth element patterns (a) and spider trace element variation diagrams (b) (normalizing values after Sun and McDonough, 1989)
图 9
SiO2-Mg#图解(a) 和Th-Th/U图解(b)
Figure 9.
SiO2 vs. Mg# diagram (a) and Th vs. Th/U diagram (b)
图 10
log (Ba)-log (Rb) 图解(a, 据Philpotts and Schnetzler, 1970) 和log ((La/Yb)N)-log (La) 图解(b, 据Fujimaki, 1986; Mahood and Hildreth, 1983)
Figure 10.
log (Ba)-log (Rb) diagram (a, after Philpotts and Schnetzler, 1970) and log ((La/Yb)N)-log (La) diagram (b, after Fujimaki, 1986; Mahood and Hildreth, 1983)
-
Anderson IC, Frost CD and Frost BR. 2003. Petrogenesis of the Red Mountain pluton, Laramie anorthosite complex, Wyoming: Implications for the origin of A-type granite. Precambrian Research, 124(2-4): 243-267
Ballard JR, Palin JM and Campbell IH. 2002. Relative oxidation states of magmas inferred from Ce (IV) /Ce (III) in zircon: Application to porphyry copper deposits of northern Chile. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 144(3): 347-364
Belousova EA, Griffin WL, Suzanne YOR and Fisher NI. 2002. Igneous zircon: Trace element composition as an indicator of source rock type. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 143(5): 602-622
Bonin B. 2007. A-type granites and related rocks: Evolution of a concept, problems and prospects. Lithos, 97(1-2): 1-29
Cao Y, Du SY, Cai CL, Qin XL, Li ST and Xiang WS. 2008. Mesozoic A-type granitoids and xenoliths in the Lujiang-Zongyang area, Anhui Province: Significance in post-collisional magmatic evolution. Geological Journal of China Universities, 14(4): 565-576 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen JF, Zhou TX and Forland KA. 1985. 40Ar/39Ar and Rb-Sr geochronology of the Qingyang batholith, Anhui Province, China. Chinese Journal of Geochemistry, 4(3): 220-235
Chen JF, Zhou TX, Li XM, Forland KA, Huang CY and Lu W. 1993. Sr and Nd isotopic constraints on source regions of the intermediate and acid intrusions from southern Anhui Province. Geochimica, 22(3): 261-268 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Chen PR, Zhang BT, Kong XG, Cai BC, Ling HF and Ni QS. 1998. Geochemical characteristics and tectonic implication of Zhaibei A-type granitic intrusives in South Jiangxi Province. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 14(3): 289-298 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Clemens JD, Holloway JR and White AJR. 1986. Origin of an A-type granite: Experimental constraints. American Mineralogist, 71: 317-324
Cole RB and Stewart BW. 2009. Continental margin volcanism at sites of spreading ridge subduction: Examples from southern Alaska and western California. Tectonophysics, 464(1-4): 118-136
Collins WJ, Beams SD, White AJR and Chappell BW. 1982. Nature and origin of A-type granites with particular reference to southeastern Australia. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80(2): 189-200
Ding X, Lundstrom C, Huang F, Li J, Zhang ZM, Sun XM, Liang JL and Sun WD. 2009. Natural and experimental constraints on formation of the continental crust based on niobium-tantalum fractionation. International Geology Review, 51(6): 473-501
Du YS, Cao Y, Yuan WM, Lou YE, Li ST and Lu X. 2007. Mesozoic post-collisional to postorogenic magmatic activities and crustal interaction with mantle along the Yangtze River, Anhui Province: Evidence from volcanic-intrusive complexes and xenoliths. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 23(6): 1294-1302 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Eby GN. 1990. The A-type granitoids: A review of their occurrence and chemical characteristics and speculations on their petrogenesis. Lithos, 26(1-2): 115-134
Eby GN. 1992. Chemical subdivision of the A-type granitoids: Petrogenetic and tectonic implications. Geology, 20(7): 641-644
Fan Y, Zhou TF, Yuan F, Qian CC, Lu SM and Cooke D. 2008. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb ages of the A-type granites in the Lu-Zong (Lujiang-Zongyang) area and their geological significances. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 24(8): 1715-1724 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Foley S, Tiepolo M and Vannucci R. 2002. Growth of early continental crust controlled by melting of amphibolite in subduction zones. Nature, 417(6891): 837-840
Frost BR, Barnes CG, Collins WJ, Arculus RJ, Ellis DJ and Frost CD. 2001. A geochemical classification for granitic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 42(11): 2033-2048
Frost CD and Frost BR. 2011. On ferroan (A-type) granitoids: Their compositional variability and modes of origin. Journal of Petrology, 52(1): 39-53
Fujimaki H. 1986. Partition coefficients of Hf, Zr, and REE between zircon, apatite, and liquid. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 94(1): 42-45
Hoskin PWO and Black LP. 2000. Metamorphic zircon formation by solid-state recrystallization of protolith igneous zircon. Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 18(4): 423-439
Hoskin PWO. 2005. Trace-element composition of hydrothermal zircon and the alteration of Hadean zircon from the Jack Hills, Australia. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 69(3): 637-648
Jiang SY, Zhao KD, Jiang YH, Ling HF and Ni P. 2006. New type of tin mineralization related to granite in South China: Evidence from mineral chemistry, element and isotope geochemistry. Acta Petrologica Sinica, 22(10): 2509-2516 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Jiang SY, Zhao KD, Jiang YH and Dai BZ. 2008. Characteristics and genesis of mesozoic A-type granites and associated mineral deposits in the southern Hunan and northern Guangxi provinces along the Shi-Hang Belt, South China. Geological Journal of China Universities, 14(4): 283-294 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Li H, Zhang H, Ling MX, Wang FY, Ding X, Zhou JB, Yang XY, Tu XL and Sun WD. 2011. Geochemical and zircon U-Pb study of the Huangmeijian A-type granite: Implications for geological evolution of the Lower Yangtze River belt. International Geology Review, 53(5-6): 499-525
Li H, Ling MX, Li CY, Zhang H, Ding X, Yang XY, Fan WM, Li YL and Sun WD. 2012. A-type granite belts of two chemical subgroups in central eastern China: Indication of ridge subduction. Lithos, 150: 26-36
Liou JG, Zhang RY, Ernst WG, Liu J and McLimans R. 1998. Mineral p慡湲楡瑧敥獮?扳祥?椠湩摮甠捴瑨楥瘠敐汩祡?捰潡畬灵汤敯搠?灣汬慯獧浩慴?浣愠獢獯?獹瀬攠捇瑲牵潰浰敯琠牤祩??呯慬汴慲湩琬愠??????????で??????扁牬?关椮渠?奣??坥慩湺来?????坥甠?????坡慬湯杧??奣?慥渠摕??攠楐?奴偲???ち?と??婣楨牥挠潍湩?却?剩??偮?啥?倬戠?搸愺琠椳渱朷?漳昳‵琼桢敲￣浌楩湵攠牙慓氬椠穈敵搠?灃漬爠灇桡祯爠祓?椠湇?瑮桴敨??漠湄本礠畘慵渠?圬?摇敡灯漠獃楇琠?楮湤??湨桥畮椠?偈爮漠瘲椰渰挸攮?慉湮搠??瑴獵?条敮潡汬潹杳楩捳愠汯?猠業条湪楯晲椠捡慮湤挠整???捥琠慥??敭潥汮潴杳椠捯慦?卡楮湨楹捤慲??????????????????椭湉??栭楍湓攠獷敩?睨楯瑵桴??湰杰汬楹獩桮?愠扡獮琠物慮捴瑥??扡牬?剳慴灡灮?剡偲?愮渠摃?坥慭瑩獣潡湬??????????′?攷栨礱搭爲愩琺椠漳渴?洴攳氼瑢楲渾杌?潵映?浓攬琠慇扡慯猠慓氬琠?慵琠??縬??歡扯愠牃???浚灯汮楧挠態瑑椠潡湮獤?晗潡牮?挠潄湂琮椠渲攰渱琰愮氠?杯牮潴睩瑮桥?慴湡摬?捡牮畤猠瑯?浥慡湮瑩汣攠?牲敵捳祴挠汲楥湣杹???潮畧爭湩慮汤?潣晥?倠敭瑥牬潴氭潰来祲?????????????????扯牮?删楩据欠睴潨潥搠?偲??????????潃畨湩摮慡爠祏?汯楧湥敮猺?睕椭瑐桢椠湤?灴敩瑮牧漬氠潈杦椠捩?摯楴慯杰牥慳洠獡?睤栠楴捲桡?略猠敥?潥硭楥摮整獳?潩普?浺慩橲潣牯?慳渠摦?浯業渠潭牡?整汬敥洠數湥瑮獯???楨瑳栮漠獊?????????㈠???????执特?删电搱渨椱挭欲?刺??″?愭爵琷栱???￣?潯物湳???慥渠摍??捡?潤渠潗畯杮桥?圠???㈠?????删畃瑨楡汲敡?扴敥慲物楳湴杩?牳攠景牦愠捡瑮潯牲祯?敥据汩潣朠楧瑲敡獮???楳献猠楇湥杯?汯楧湩正?扬攠瑓睯散敩湥?捹漠湯瑦椠湁敭湥瑲獩?慡渠摁?摳整灲污散瑴敳搠?浩慴湨琠汐敲??卲捡業敳測挠攱??㈠??????????????????戲爰?刳甮搠湉楳捯歰?副??愳渮搰‰?愠潂?卲???づべ????潣浨灲潯獮楯瑬楯潧湹?潃晥?瑴桥敲?挠潓湰瑥楣湩敡湬琠慐汵?捬物畣獡瑴???測??副甮搠渴椺挠欷‰刼???敍摡????吠桇攠??牤甠獈瑩???湥???潗氮氠愱渹搸″???慡湲摧?吠異牡敲歴楩慴湩?????敥摦獦????噮潴汳????吠牴敲慡瑣楥猠敥?潥湭??整潳挠桩敮洠楨獩瑧牨礭??佬硩晣潡爠摲???汬獩整癥楳攮爠?健敯牣杨慩浭潩湣???????扳牭?卣楨獩獭潩湣?吠坁??剡愬琠愴樷攨猱欩椺?????愰渼止楲渾獍?坤??慥湭摯??氠慅穁湋攮爠?????㈠ぎち???噧漠汭畡浴楥湲潩畡獬?朠物慮渠楴瑨楥挠?浡慧杭浡愯獩?普牥潯浵?挠潲浯浣潫渠?批慳獴慥汭琮椠捅?獲潴畨爭捓散獩???潥渠瑒牥楶扩略瑷楳漬渠猳?琨漳??椩渺攠爲愱氵漭朲礲?愼湢摲￣偐敡瑴物潈汯漠杄祯??????????????????扮爠?卄洮椠琱根??刮??乨潡扳汥攠瑥瑱????坢潲扩畡猠?剮???啥湬牴甠桰?????潴畩杶汩慴獹猠?????敥愠湰敥?剩???愠癳楹獳?????潉汭摰浬慩湣?却???慳礠?????畨獥琠慯癲獩潧湩????匠慰汥瑲潡畬湵???慯湵摳?卧瑲敡睮慩牴瑯??????????偵敭瑩牮潯汵潳朠祧?慡湮摵?杩整潥捳栮攠浃楯獮瑴牲祩?潵晴?汯慮瑳攠?獯琠慍杩敮?楲湡瑬牯畧獹椠潡湮獤?潐晥?瑲桯敬???琬礠瀱攰???椩携?倲爰漲琭攲爱漸稼潢楲挾?健楡歲散獥?偊敁愬欠?扡慲瑲桩潳氠楎瑂桗???敤渠瑔物慮汤??漠汁潇爮愠搱漹??售匠?????洠灥汬楥捭慥瑮楴漠湤獩?晣潲物?灩敮瑡牴潩杯敮渠敤瑩楡捧?浡潭摳攠汦獯??側牨敥挠慴浥扣牴楯慮湩?删敩獮整慥牲捰桲????????????????ぴ??戠牲?卣畫湳?匠半?慵湲摮??挠?潦渠潐略杴桲?坬??????????栺攠洹椵挶愭氹?愳渼摢?椾獐潥瑣潣灥楲捩?獬祯猠瑁攠浡慮瑤椠捔獡?潬景?漠捓敒愮渠椱挹?戶愮猠慇汥瑯獣???浩灳汴楲捹愠瑯楦漠湅獯?晥潮牥?浣慡湬瑣氭敡?捫潡浬灩潮獥椠瑶楯潬湣?慮湩摣?灲牯潣捫敳猠獦敲獯???湨??卋慡畳湴摡敭牯獮????慥湡搬?乎潯牲牴票?????敵摲獫?????慯杮浴慲瑩楢獵浴?楯湮?琠桴敯?位捩敮慥湲??慯獧楹渠獡???敐潥汴潲杯楬捯慧汹?匠漵挸椨攱琩示???漭渹搱漼湢?￣卐灨敩捬楰慯汴?偳甠扊汁椠捡慮瑤椠潓湣?????????????????戮爠?卨略湮?坣????甭?奡????愠浰敡湲整瑩獴歩祯?嘠卣???杦杩楣湩獥?却????桲攠湋???慢測搠??爠捡畮汤甠獂?刬????と?????潩湣獡瑴慩湯据祳?潴景?乡扮?啲?楨湯?瑩桴敥?浡慮湤琠汢敡?牡敬癴椠獧楥瑮敥摳???攠潇捥桯楣浨楩捭慩?敡琠??漠獃浯潳捭桯楣浨楩捭慩??挠瑁慣???㈠?????????祝??????扲爾?呩甠牌測攠版?匠偊???潤搠敇湲????慲湥搠??漮爠爲椰猰漰渮?剄卥?????????敯牮椠癯慦琠楴潲湡?潥映?獬潥浭敥???琠祩灮攠?浲愀最洀愀猀?戀礀?昀爀愀挀琀椀漀渀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?戀愀猀愀氀琀椀挀?洀愀最洀愀???渀?攀砀愀洀瀀氀攀?昀爀漀洀?琀栀攀?瀀愀搀琀栀愀眀愀礀?爀椀搀最攀??匀漀甀琀栀??甀猀琀爀愀氀椀愀???椀琀栀漀猀?????????????????戀爀?圀愀渀最??娀??娀栀愀漀??吀?愀渀搀?儀椀甀??匀????????吀栀攀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀?漀渀?琀栀攀??愀琀攀??攀猀漀稀漀椀挀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀漀椀搀猀?椀渀?攀愀猀琀攀爀渀??栀椀渀愀???攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀??漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀?唀渀椀瘀攀爀猀椀琀椀攀猀???????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?圀愀渀最?堀???爀椀昀昀椀渀?圀???圀愀渀最?娀??愀渀搀??漀甀?堀???? ????昀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?稀椀爀挀漀渀猀?愀渀搀?椀洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀?昀漀爀?琀栀攀?瀀攀琀爀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀?漀昀?夀愀樀椀愀渀最焀椀愀漀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀???甀渀愀渀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀???栀椀渀愀???栀椀渀攀猀攀?匀挀椀攀渀挀攀??甀氀氀攀琀椀渀?????? ???????????戀爀?圀愀琀猀漀渀?????圀愀爀欀????愀渀搀?吀栀漀洀愀猀?????? ????爀礀猀琀愀氀氀椀稀愀琀椀漀渀?琀栀攀爀洀漀洀攀琀攀爀猀?昀漀爀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?愀渀搀?爀甀琀椀氀攀???漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀?琀漀??椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀??????????????????戀爀?圀攀椀??匀??娀栀攀渀最?夀??愀渀搀?娀栀愀漀?娀???? ???一搀?匀爀?伀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀椀挀?最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?漀渀?琀栀攀?愀最攀?愀渀搀?漀爀椀最椀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?攀愀猀琀攀爀渀??栀椀渀愀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀?????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?圀栀愀氀攀渀??????甀爀爀椀攀????愀渀搀??栀愀瀀瀀攀氀氀??圀??????????琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀???攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?挀栀愀爀愀挀琀攀爀椀猀琀椀挀猀??搀椀猀挀爀椀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀?愀渀搀?瀀攀琀爀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀???漀渀琀爀椀戀甀琀椀漀渀猀?琀漀??椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀?????????? ??????戀爀?圀椀氀猀漀渀?????? ????最渀攀漀甀猀?倀攀琀爀漀最攀渀攀猀椀猀?????氀漀戀愀氀?吀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀??瀀瀀爀漀愀挀栀???漀渀搀漀渀??唀渀眀椀渀??礀洀愀渀????????戀爀?圀漀渀最????匀甀渀????堀椀渀最??????椀?堀???娀栀愀漀?????圀漀渀最????夀甀愀渀????堀椀愀?堀倀???椀????愀渀搀?圀甀??夀??? ????攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?愀渀搀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?愀渀搀??昀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀椀挀?猀琀甀搀礀?漀昀?琀栀攀??愀椀樀甀栀甀愀樀椀愀渀?洀攀琀愀氀甀洀椀渀漀甀猀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀???砀琀攀渀猀椀漀渀?愀琀????縀? ?愀?愀渀搀?椀琀猀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀?昀漀爀?匀漀甀琀栀??栀椀渀愀???椀琀栀漀猀????????????????? ??戀爀?圀甀?????娀栀漀甀?堀刀???甀愀渀最?堀???娀栀愀渀最?????圀甀??夀?愀渀搀??甀愀渀最?圀???????????琀礀瀀攀??爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀??愀漀琀愀渀???渀栀甀椀???挀琀愀??攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀??????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?圀甀??夀???椀?圀儀??匀甀渀?????夀愀渀最?夀??愀渀搀??椀?堀???? ????娀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?最攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀??昀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀椀挀?挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀椀漀渀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀??攀猀漀稀漀椀挀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?猀漀甀琀栀攀爀渀??渀栀甀椀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀???栀椀渀愀???椀琀栀漀猀???? ???????戀爀?圀甀?刀堀??娀栀攀渀最?夀??愀渀搀?圀甀?夀???? ???娀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?愀最攀??攀氀攀洀攀渀琀?愀渀搀?漀砀礀最攀渀?椀猀漀琀漀瀀攀?最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀礀?漀昀?一攀漀瀀爀漀琀攀爀漀稀漀椀挀?最爀愀渀漀搀椀漀爀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?匀漀甀琀栀??渀栀甀椀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀?????????????? ???椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?堀椀攀?????夀愀渀最?堀夀??匀甀渀?圀????甀?????堀甀?圀??圀甀?????圀愀渀最??夀?愀渀搀??甀?堀圀??? ????攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最椀挀愀氀?愀渀搀?最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀挀愀氀?挀漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?漀渀?昀漀爀洀愀琀椀漀渀?漀昀?琀栀攀?吀漀渀最氀椀渀最?洀攀琀愀氀?搀攀瀀漀猀椀琀猀??洀椀搀搀氀攀?夀愀渀最琀稀攀?洀攀琀愀氀氀漀最攀渀椀挀?戀攀氀琀??攀愀猀琀?挀攀渀琀爀愀氀??栀椀渀愀???渀琀攀爀渀愀琀椀漀渀愀氀??攀漀氀漀最礀?刀攀瘀椀攀眀?????????????????戀爀?堀椀渀最????愀渀搀?堀甀?堀????????吀眀漀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀?戀攀氀琀猀?昀爀漀洀??渀栀甀椀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀??? ??????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀???戀爀?堀椀漀渀最?堀????搀愀洀???愀渀搀??爀攀攀渀?吀???? ???刀甀琀椀氀攀?猀琀愀戀椀氀椀琀礀?愀渀搀?爀甀琀椀氀攀?洀攀氀琀???匀??瀀愀爀琀椀琀椀漀渀椀渀最?搀甀爀椀渀最?瀀愀爀琀椀愀氀?洀攀氀琀椀渀最?漀昀?栀礀搀爀漀甀猀?戀愀猀愀氀琀???洀瀀氀椀挀愀琀椀漀渀猀?昀漀爀?吀吀??最攀渀攀猀椀猀???栀攀洀椀挀愀氀??攀漀氀漀最礀????????????????????戀爀?堀甀攀?????圀愀渀最?夀????愀????圀愀渀最????圀愀渀最????愀渀搀?娀甀漀?夀???? ?愀??娀椀爀挀漀渀?唀?倀戀?匀?刀??倀?愀最攀猀?漀昀?琀栀攀?吀愀椀瀀椀渀最??挀愀氀挀?愀氀欀愀氀椀渀攀???甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀??愀氀欀愀氀椀渀攀??挀漀洀瀀漀猀椀琀攀?椀渀琀爀甀猀椀瘀攀???漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?漀渀??攀猀漀稀漀椀挀?氀椀琀栀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀?琀栀椀渀渀椀渀最?漀昀?琀栀攀?猀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀攀爀渀?夀愀渀最琀稀攀?挀爀愀琀漀渀???栀椀渀愀??匀挀椀攀渀挀攀?椀渀??栀椀渀愀??匀攀爀椀攀猀?????????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀??戀爀?堀甀攀?????圀愀渀最?夀????愀????圀愀渀最????圀愀渀最????愀渀搀?娀甀漀?夀???? ?戀??吀栀攀??甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?眀椀琀栀?琀攀琀爀愀搀?刀?????漀渀猀琀爀愀椀渀琀猀?漀渀??攀猀漀稀漀椀挀?氀椀琀栀漀猀瀀栀攀爀椀挀?琀栀椀渀渀椀渀最?漀昀?琀栀攀?猀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀攀爀渀?夀愀渀最琀稀攀?挀爀愀琀漀渀???挀琀愀??攀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀??????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?夀愀渀最?匀夀???椀愀渀最?匀夀??娀栀愀漀??????椀愀渀最?夀????椀渀最????愀渀搀??椀????? ?????攀漀挀栀爀漀渀漀氀漀最礀??最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?愀渀搀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?猀椀最渀椀昀椀挀愀渀挀攀?漀昀?琀眀漀??愀爀氀礀??爀攀琀愀挀攀漀甀猀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀??愀渀??愀渀最??攀氀琀??匀漀甀琀栀攀愀猀琀??栀椀渀愀???椀琀栀漀猀???? ???????? ?戀爀?夀甀愀渀??????愀漀?匀???椀甀?堀????椀???????渀琀栀攀爀???愀渀搀?圀甀??夀??? ????挀挀甀爀愀琀攀?唀?倀戀?愀最攀?愀渀搀?琀爀愀挀攀?攀氀攀洀攀渀琀?搀攀琀攀爀洀椀渀愀琀椀漀渀猀?漀昀?稀椀爀挀漀渀?戀礀?氀愀猀攀爀?愀戀氀愀琀椀漀渀?椀渀搀甀挀琀椀瘀攀氀礀?挀漀甀瀀氀攀搀?瀀氀愀猀洀愀?洀愀猀猀?猀瀀攀挀琀爀漀洀攀琀爀礀???攀漀猀琀愀渀搀愀爀搀猀?愀渀搀??攀漀愀渀愀氀礀琀椀挀愀氀?刀攀猀攀愀爀挀栀??????????????? ?戀爀?娀栀愀渀最?匀??娀栀愀渀最?娀????椀?夀??夀甀愀渀?圀??愀渀搀??愀??吀??? ???吀栀攀?瀀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀??洀椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀?最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?猀琀甀搀礀?漀昀?琀栀攀??甀愀渀最猀栀愀渀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀?椀渀琀爀甀猀椀漀渀?椀渀??渀栀甀椀?倀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀???挀琀愀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最椀挀愀?匀椀渀椀挀愀????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?娀栀漀甀?吀???夀甀愀渀?????漀甀??????甀??????愀渀?夀??娀栀甀???愀渀搀?夀甀攀?匀???? ????攀渀攀猀椀猀?愀渀搀?最攀漀搀礀渀愀洀椀挀?戀愀挀欀最爀漀甀渀搀?漀昀?夀愀渀猀栀愀渀椀愀渀?最爀愀渀椀琀漀椀搀猀?椀渀?琀栀攀?攀愀猀琀攀爀渀??椀愀渀最渀愀渀?甀瀀氀椀昀琀?椀渀?琀栀攀?愀搀樀愀挀攀渀琀?愀爀攀愀?漀昀??渀栀甀椀?愀渀搀??椀愀渀最砀椀?瀀爀漀瘀椀渀挀攀猀???栀椀渀愀???漀甀爀渀愀氀?漀昀??椀渀攀爀愀氀漀最礀?愀渀搀?倀攀琀爀漀氀漀最礀????????????????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀??戀爀?娀栀漀渀最???????????吀栀攀?最攀漀氀漀最礀??最攀漀挀栀攀洀椀猀琀爀礀?愀渀搀?琀攀挀琀漀渀椀挀?攀渀瘀椀爀漀渀洀攀渀琀?漀昀???琀礀瀀攀?最爀愀渀椀琀攀?搀礀欀攀?挀氀甀猀琀攀爀???攀挀甀渀???渀栀甀椀???攀漀氀漀最礀?漀昀??渀栀甀椀????????? ?????椀渀??栀椀渀攀猀攀?眀椀琀栀??渀最氀椀猀栀?愀戀猀琀爀愀挀琀?
-
下载:
图(11)
计量
- 文章访问数: 7504
- PDF下载数: 7664
- 施引文献: 0