新疆香山铜镍钛铁矿区两个镁铁-超镁铁岩系列及特征
Characteristics of two mafic-ultramafic rock series in the Xiangshan Cu-Ni-(V) Ti-Fe ore district, Xinjiang
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摘要: 新疆东天山香山地区镁铁-超镁铁杂岩体中产有香山中中型铜镍矿床和香山西大型铜镍-钛铁矿床。通过对这套镁铁-超镁铁岩进行系统的野外研究和采样，对各类岩石进行详细的岩石学和岩石地球化学研究，识别出该区两个具有不同成矿专属性的岩石系列。（1）早期与钒钛磁铁矿矿化有关的岩石系列（简称“钛铁系列”），岩石组合为细晶辉长岩-钛铁辉长岩（钛铁矿石）-含钛（角闪）辉长岩-淡色辉长岩。从钛铁矿石-含钛辉长岩-淡色辉长岩连续演化，矿物组成和岩石结构逐渐过渡，岩石相对偏酸性，化学成分以富碱、富铁、高钛、硅、铝、钙，钙碱指数（calk/m）高而镁铁指数（m/f）低为特征，稀土和微量元素方面斜长石堆积作用和分离结晶作用特征明显；（2）晚期与铜镍硫化物矿化有关的岩石系列（简称“铜镍系列”），岩石组合为超镁铁岩-韵律状橄榄辉长岩-蚀变角闪辉长岩，与前一系列呈侵入关系。该系列岩石组合偏基性，化学成分上明显富镁，贫铁、钛，具相对较低的硅、铝和钾、钠含量，稀土和微量元素配分曲线平缓，与原始地幔/亏损地幔特征相近。此外，本区发育的浅成-超浅成脉岩（辉绿岩类）多为辉长岩类的晚期补充岩相，其岩石化学特征位于两个演化系列的末端，可能是两个演化系列残余岩浆混合-再侵位的产物。Abstract: The mafic-ultramafic complex in the Xiangshan area of the eastern Tianshan Mts., Xinjiang, produce a medium-sized Middle-Xiangshan Cu-Ni deposit and a large-scale western-Xiangshan Cu-Ni-(V-)Ti-Fe deposit. Through systematical field investigation and sampling for the suit of mafic-ultramafic rocks, a detailed petrology and geochemistry research was carried out and two rock series with different metallogenetic specialization in study area have been identified. 1) Early stage rock series related to (V)-Ti-Fe mineralization with rock association of aplitic gabbro, Ti-Fe gabbro (Ti-Fe ore), Ti-bearing (hornblende) gabbro and leucogabbro, shortly called as “(V-) Ti-Fe rock series”. The three rock types of Ti-Fe ore, Ti-bearing gabbro and leucogabbro have continued evolution and gradual transition in mineral assemblage and rock texture. This series is characterized by alkali, Fe, Ti, Si, Al and Ca-rich, high calc-alkaline enrichment index (calk/m) and low mafic index (m/f) in chemical composition, and by distinct plagioclase cumulation and magma fractional crystallization in geochemistry of REE and trace elements. 2) Later stage rock series that can intrude in the Ti-Fe series rocks related to Cu-Ni sulfide mineralization with rock association of ultramafic rocks, rhythmic olive gabbro and altered hornblende gabbro, shortly called as “Cu-Ni rock series”. This series is characterized by Mg-rich and relatively lower Fe, Ti, Si, Al, K and Na contents in chemical composition, and by gently REE and trace patterns that reflect a characteristics of primary mantle or depleted mantle. The other hypabyssal dykes (diabase) in the ore district, mainly as later additional facies of gabbro, display an end evolution of the two rock series, i.e., product of magma mixing of two residual magma series.
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Key words:
- Mafic-ultramafic complex /
- Cu-Ni rock series /
- (V-) Ti-Fe rock series /
- Xiangshan /
- Xinjiang
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