A petrographic classification of macerals in lacustrine carbonate source rocks and their organic petrological characteristics: A case study on Jiuxi basin, NW China
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摘要:
酒西盆地主力烃源岩为下白垩统下沟组和赤金堡组暗色半深湖相-深湖相的白云质泥岩和泥质白云岩，是典型的湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩。通过对酒西盆地下白垩统二百多块湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩详细的有机岩石学研究，解剖了湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩中有机质的赋存形式，揭示了藻纹层为有机质纹层的主要发育形式，其与富泥晶白云石纹层和富粘土纹层构成湖相碳酸盐岩烃源岩特有的“三元式纹层”沉积结构，系统总结了各显微组分的光性、成因、生烃性及分布规律，提出了以全岩和干酪根为基础的湖相碳酸盐岩有机显微组分分类方案，首次鉴定出对酒西盆地油气有贡献的主要生烃组分为腐泥无定形体、腐殖无定形体以及浮游藻类体、孢粉体、壳屑体五种有机显微组分。
Abstract:The typical lacustrine carbonate source rocks include dark dolomitic mudstone and argillaceous dolomite of Chijinpu and Xiagou formations of Lower Cretaceous, which represent major petroleum source rocks in Jiuxi basin, NW China. Over 200 samples were selected from Lower Cretaceous lacustrine carbonate source rocks in Jiuxi basin for a detailed organic petrology analysis. Organic laminae has been recognized which is mainly algal laminae and “three-layer” structure is unique for lacustrine carbonate source rocks, which consists of algal laminae, micrite dolomite laminae and clay laminae. A petrographic classification of macerals in lacustrine carbonate source rocks has been suggested on the basis of whole rock and kerogen analysis. The discussion has also been carried out on the origins, the optical properities, hydrocarbon generation potential and geological distribution of macerals in these lacustrine carbonate source rocks. Five major hydrocarbon-generating macerals contributed to petroleum resources are firstly identified which are sapropelic amorphogen, humic amorphogen, alginite, sporopollenite and liptodetrinite in Jiuxi basin.
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Key words:
- Lacustrine carbonate source rock /
- Algal laminae /
- Maceral /
- Whole rock /
- Kerogen
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图 图版Ⅰ
(a)-藻纹层，透射光x120，大参2井，3645m，灰色泥岩；(b)与(a)同一视域，阴极发光x120，发桔黄色光的是泥晶白云石，其它光的为长英质，有机质和粘土不发光；(c)与(a)同一视域，蓝光激发荧光x120，藻类体呈亮黄色荧光，矿物沥青基质呈褐色荧光；(d)-藻纹层，透射光x120，窿105井，4540.9m，深灰色白云质泥岩；(e)与(d)同一视域，阴极发光x120，发桔黄色光的是泥晶白云石，其它光的为长英质，有机质和粘土、铁白云石不发光；(f)与(d)同一视域，蓝光激发荧光x120，藻类体呈亮黄色荧光，矿物沥青基质呈黄褐色荧光；(g)-腐泥无定形体，含藻类体，透射光x460，大参2井，3645m，灰色泥岩；(h)与(g)同一视域，蓝光激发荧光x460，藻类结构清晰，呈亮黄色荧光；(i)-腐殖无定形体，透射光x460，大参2井，3800m，灰黑色泥岩； (j)与(i)同一视域，蓝光激发荧光x460，腐殖无定形体呈褐色荧光；(k)-腐泥无定形体和腐殖无定形体，透射光x460，白南3井，3063m，灰黑色泥岩；(l)与(k)同一视域，蓝光激发荧光x460，腐泥无定形体呈亮黄色，腐殖无定形体呈暗褐色
Figure 图版Ⅰ.
(a)-algal laminae, transmitted-light x120, Dacan 2, 3645m, grey mudstone；(b) same field as (a), CL x120, micritic dolomite displays orange light and felsic emits red and other light, organic matter and clay don't emit any light；(c) same field as (a), blue-light irradiation x120, alginite emits bright yellow fluorescence and mineral matrix asphalt emits brown fluorescence;(d)-algal laminae, transmitted-light x120, Long 105, 4540.9m, dark dolomitic mudstone;(e) same field as (d), CL x120, micritic dolomite displays orange light and felsic emits red and other light, organic matter and clay don't emit any light;(f) same field as (d), blue-light irradiation x120, alginite emits bright yellow fluorescence and mineral matrix asphalt emits yellow-brown fluorescence;(g)-sapropelic amorphogen, containing alginite, transmitted-light x460, Dacan 2, 3645m, grey mudstone;(h) same field as (g), blue-light irradiation x460, sapropelic amorphogen and alginite emit bright yellow fluorescence;(i)-humic amorphogen, transmitted-light x460, Dacan 2, 3800m, dark mudstone; (j) same field as (i), blue-light irradiation x460, humic amorphogen emits brown fluorescenc;(k)-sapropelic amorphogen and humic amorphogen, transmitted-light x460, Bainan 3, 3063m, dark mudstone;(l) same field as (k), blue-light irradiation x460, sapropelic amorphogen emits bright yellow fluorescence and humic amorphogen emits brown fluorescenc
图 图版Ⅱ
(a)-丝质体条带，油浸反光x350，窿1井，4344m，深灰色白云质泥岩；(b)-孢子体、层状藻及壳屑密布，蓝光激发荧光x250，白南3井，3457m，灰黑色泥岩；(c)-黑色的丝质体，透射光x230，白南3井，3457m，灰黑色泥岩；(d)-镜质体(灰色条带)和丝质体(亮白色碎片)，油浸反光x225，窿1井，3728.7m，深灰色白云质泥岩；(e)-镜质体，透射光x460，白南3井，3544m，灰黑色泥岩；(f)-结构镜质体，透射光x460，白南3井，2265m，灰黑色含碳泥岩；(g)-荧光镜质体，透射光x460，白南3井，2265m，灰黑色含碳泥岩；(h)与(g)同一视域，荧光镜质体呈棕褐色，蓝光激发荧光x460；(i)-孢粉体，透射光x460，大参2井，3212m，深灰色泥岩；(j)与(i)同一视域，孢粉呈亮黄色荧光，蓝光激发荧光x460；(k)-大孢子体呈亮黄色荧光，蓝光激发荧光x250，白南3井，3063m，灰黑色泥岩；(l)-木栓质体，透射光x460，白南3井，3621m，灰黑色泥岩；(m)-结构藻类体呈黄色荧光，蓝光激发荧光x240，白南3井,3457m，灰黑色泥岩；(n)-葡萄球藻(斜切面)呈黄色荧光，蓝光激发荧光x240，大参2井,3645m，灰色泥岩；(o)-运移沥青，重质部分为深褐色，轻质组分发白色荧光，并向四周弥漫扩散，紫外光激发荧光x240，窿105井，4541.8m，深灰色白云质泥岩；(p)-含烃包裹体，透射光x460，窿4井，4551.5m，深灰色泥质白云岩
Figure 图版Ⅱ.
(a)-fusinite band, oil-reflected x350, Long 1, 4344m, dark dolomitic mudstone; (b)-sporopollenin,laminate alginite and liptodetrinite are rich, blue-light irradiation x250, Bainan 3, 3457m, dark mudstone;(c)-inertinite is black, transmitted-light x230, Bainan 3, 3457m, dark mudstone;(d)-vitrinite(grey band)and fusinite(white part), oil-reflected x225, Long 1, 3728.7m, dark dolomitic mudstone;(e)-vitrinite, transmitted-light x460, Bainan 3, 3544m, dark mudstone;(f)-telinite, transmitted-light x460, Bainan 3, 2265m, dark mudstone;(g)-fluorescing vitrinite, transmitted-light x460, Bainan 3, 2265m, dark mudstone;(h) same field as (g), fluorescing vitrinite emits brown fluorescing, blue-light irradiation x460;(i)-sporopollenin, transmitted-light x460, Dacan 2, 3212m, dark mudstone;(j) same field as (i), sporopollenin emits bright yellow fluorescing, blue-light irradiation x460;(k)-sporonite emits bright yellow fluorescing, blue-light irradiation x250, Bainan 3, 3063m, dark mudstone;(l)-suberinite, transmitted-light x460, Bainan 3, 3621m, dark mudstone;(m)-alginite emits yellow fluorescing, blue-light irradiation x240, Bainan 3, 3457m, dark mudstone;(n)-alginite emits yellow fluorescing, blue-light irradiation x240, Dacan 2, 3645m, grey mudstone;(o)-migration bitumen, the heavy part emits brown fluorescing and the light part emits white fluorescing, UV-excited fluorescence x240, Long 105, 4541.8m, dark dolomitic mudstone;(p)-hydrocarbon inclusions, transmitted-light x460, Long 4, 4551.5m, dark argillaceous dolomite
图 1
窿105井藻类体和孢粉体的荧光强度(I546)随埋藏深度变化的演化趋势
Figure 1.
The fluorescence intensity of alginite and Sporopollenite changes with burial depth on Long 105
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