埃达克岩与Cu-Au成矿作用：有待深入研究的岩浆成矿关系
Adakite versus porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits: a possible metallogenetic specialization of magmatism required in-deep assessment
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摘要: 研究表明，环太平洋地区新生代斑岩铜矿和浅成热液金矿与同期的埃达克质岩浆活动存在密切的时空与成因联系。埃达克岩是许多世界级的斑岩铜矿的容矿岩，也是许多浅成热液矿化系统的成矿母岩浆。根据目前的研究，二者成因联系可能在于埃达克质岩浆的富流体、高氧逸度和基性源岩等固有属性，有利于Cu、Au等深源金属元素的萃取与富集成矿一因此，这可能是一种潜在的岩浆成矿专属性关系，但对产生这种关系的原因与机制仍然不十分清楚。这有待于今后深入开展成矿与无矿的埃达克岩、成矿的埃达克岩与非埃达克岩、无矿的埃达克岩与非埃达克岩等方面的对比研究，以揭示这种成矿专属性的本质。Abstract: It has been revealed that most world-class porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits of Cenozoic age around Pacific Rim, such as those occurred in the Central Andes and the Philippines, are spatially and temporally associated with contemporaneous adakitic magmatism. Adakite and its clan (such as high magnesian andesites (HMA) , magnesian andesite (MA) , Niobium-enriched basalts (NEB), and high Niobium basalts, etc. ) are the host rocks of most porphyry copper deposits, and the source rocks of many epithermal Au systems. Based on the present level of understanding, the genetic relationship between them may stem from the inherent natures of adakitic magmas with sufficient fluids, high oxygen fugacity and mafic source region, which are preferred for Cu, Au and other deeply-sourced metals to be extracted and enriched, and finally economically mineralized. However, the reason (s) and mechanism responsible for this relationship are poorly understood in general. It is suggested that the close link of adakites with porphyry copper and epithermal gold deposits be a potential metallogenetic specialization of magmatism that necessitate in-deep assessment and relevant comparative studies among ore-bearing adakites, barren adakites and normal calc-alkaline rocks, to uncover the intrinsic and concealed story.
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