河南冷水北沟铅锌银矿床流体包裹体研究及矿床成因
Fluid inclusion constraints on the origin of the Lengshuibeigou Pb-Zn-Ag deposit, Henan province
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摘要: 河南栾川冷水北沟铅锌银矿床位于华北克拉通南界栾川断裂北侧。矿床赋存于中-晚元古代浅变质碎屑岩建造中，受断裂控制，矿体呈脉状；矿石主要由金属硫化物，少量石英和碳酸盐组成；围岩蚀变和成矿过程分为4个阶段，以石英-黄铁矿组合（Ⅰ阶段）、黄铁矿-闪锌矿组合（Ⅱ阶段）、多金属硫化物（Ⅲ阶段）和碳酸盐（Ⅳ阶段）为标志。包裹体研究表明，成矿流体为含CH4的碳水体系，盐度为0．22～13．8wt％NaCleqv．。从早到晚，流体包裹体均一温度为420℃～340℃（Ⅰ）、3700C～280℃（Ⅱ）、320℃～260℃（Ⅲ）和〈260℃（Ⅳ）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体盐度低于8wt％NaCIeqv．，Ⅲ阶段增高至13．8wt％NaCIeqv．，甚至偶见子晶。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段的流体包裹体均一压力分为两组，即180～200MPa和70～80MPa，代表着深约8km的静水与静岩压力系统的共存或交替；Ⅲ阶段只有70～80MPa一组压力，指示开放环境注入的静水压力体系。Ⅰ、Ⅱ阶段静岩与静水压力系统的交替现象完全吻合于断层阀模式，含CH4的CO2-H2O流体的脉动沸腾消耗了流体成矿系统热能，并使盐度不断增高、成矿。该认识可被Ⅱ阶段广泛存在的沸腾流体包裹体组合证明，也与流体包裹体成分类型、矿物共生组合特征、矿石组构的规律演化相一致。以上表明，冷水北沟是一个典型的形成于碰撞造山挤压向伸展转变期的造山型Pb-Zn-Ag矿床实例，成矿机理可由碰撞造山成岩成矿与流体作用模型（即CMF模式）所解释。
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