喜马拉雅东构造结——南迦巴瓦构造及组构运动学
Tectonics and fabric kinematics of the Namche Barwa terrane, Eastern Himalayan Syntaxis
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摘要: 喜马拉雅东端-南迦巴瓦构造结的构造格架总体呈现由叠置构造岩片构成的复式背形构造.自NW到SE由比鲁构造岩片、直白构造岩片、南派乡构造岩片和多雄拉变质穹隆组成,它们之间的界限分别是直白-丹娘-南伊沟韧性拆离断裂、直白-丹娘韧性逆冲断裂和多雄拉韧性逆冲断裂.由高压麻粒岩相组成的直白构造岩片被直白-丹娘-南伊沟韧性拆离断裂和直白-丹娘韧性逆冲断裂所夹持,为挤出构造岩片.根据印度斯-雅鲁藏布江大拐弯缝合带西侧和北侧的变形特征及石英组构运动学的EBSD测量结果,表明大拐弯缝合带存在各段的差异,并具有逐渐演化的特征.大拐弯缝合带的北端为拉月-迫隆乡韧性逆冲剪切带;西段为鲁朗-拉月左行走滑剪切带,西南段为嘎马-米林左行伸展转换剪切带,指示南迦巴瓦变质体相对拉萨地体的运动转为水平走滑运动.根据大拐弯缝合带东侧右行走滑和西侧左行走滑特征,推测在印度-亚洲碰撞之后,南迦巴瓦变质体受制于这两条走滑断裂,而相对喜马拉雅地体向北推移,并深深插入拉萨地体之下,形成东构造结.由于南迦巴瓦变质体的强烈上隆,其上部原存的特提斯喜马拉雅的古生代-中生代盖层沉积被俯冲和被剥蚀贻尽.南迦巴瓦变质体中直白组高压麻粒岩相中石榴石辉石岩形成的温压条件(T=800～900℃,P=2.6～2.8GPa)表明,岩石经历了相当于80km～100km深度的峰期榴辉岩变质作用的条件,印度板片深俯冲于拉萨地体之下又折返挤出到由派乡组和多雄拉组角闪岩相(混合岩化)组成的南迦巴瓦变质基底之中.
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