| 格尔木河流域水面蒸发特征及影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 黄金廷,李宗泽,王文科,宋歌,王嘉玮.格尔木河流域水面蒸发特征及影响因素分析[J].水文地质工程地质,2021,48(3):31-37. |
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| 作者姓名： | 黄金廷 李宗泽 王文科 宋歌 王嘉玮 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西安科技大学地质与环境学院，陕西 西安 710054 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41672250；U1603243）；陕西省自然科学基金项目（2019JLZ-03；2021ZDLSF05-09）；教育部重点实验室开放基金项目（310829171111） |
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| 摘 要： | 水面蒸发是水均衡的重要一项，阐明其变化特征对水资源评价具有重要的指导意义。格尔木河流域是我国西北旱区典型的内陆河流域，面临水资源开发利用与水害减灾双重挑战。前人对流域内水面蒸发相关研究未考虑主控因素及空间异质性，气候变化背景下水面蒸发特征也有待进一步研究。基于格尔木河流域气象观测资料，采用时间序列分析、相关分析和多元回归分析方法，研究了流域上游山区、中游戈壁砾石带及终端尾闾湖的水面蒸发特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明:（1）流域内水面蒸发呈波动下降趋势，但蒸发量空间差异明显，上游山区近60 年蒸发量减少了183.2 mm，中游近60 年减少了1135.1 mm，下游尾闾湖近30年减少了241.7 mm；（2）流域内水面蒸发主控因素不同，上游山区主控因素为气温，中游主控因素为风速，终端尾闾湖主控因素为水域面积；（3）流域内气候变化总体呈暖湿化，与全球气候变化一致，但水面蒸发未随气温升高和降水增加而增加，呈现出“蒸发悖论”特征。研究表明，水面蒸发的空间差异性及其主控因素对旱区流域蒸发和水资源评价具有重要影响。
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| 关 键 词： | 水面蒸发 气候变化 格尔木河流域 气象要素 空间异质性 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-12-12 |
Characteristics of evaporation and its effect factors in the Golmud River catchment |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Geology and Environment, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China2.School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China3.Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710054, China |
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| Abstract: | Evaporation is the key item of water balance calculation. Clarifying its characteristics will be helpful in water resources assessment. The Golmud river catchment is a typical arid inland river catchment in northwest of China, facing the challenges of reasonable groundwater exploitation and retarded groundwater disaster. Previous studies on surface water evaporation in the catchment did not consider the spatial heterogeneity and main control factors, which limits deep understanding of the evaporation process under the background of climate change. In this paper, based on time series, correlation and multiple regression analysis, the variation characteristics and main affecting factors of water evaporation in the upstream, midstream and downstream of the catchment are analyzed. The results show that (1) the water surface evaporation in the basin shows a fluctuating downward trend, but the spatial difference is obvious: 183.2 mm decreased in the upstream mountainous area in recent 60 years, 1135.1 mm decreased in the middle reaches in recent 60 years, and 241.7 mm decreased in the downstream terminal lake in recent 30 years. (2) The main controlling factors of water surface evaporation are different in the catchment: the main controlling factor is temperature in the upstream mountainous area, wind speed in the middle reaches, and water area in the terminal lake. (3) The climate change in the catchment is generally warm and humid, which is consistent with the global climate change. However, water evaporation does not increase with climate change, i.e., showing the “evaporation paradox” phenomena. The results indicate that great attention should be paid to the spatial differences and the main control factors, which have important influence on the evaporation research and water resource evaluation in arid areas. |
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