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Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of active layer thickness in Tanggula area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD
引用本文:杜二计,杨斌,谭昌海,肖瑶,刘广岳,邹德富,赵拥华,吴晓东,吴通华,赵林,胡国杰,周华云,李智斌,汪易.Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of active layer thickness in Tanggula area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau北大核心CSCD[J].冰川冻土,2022,44(2):376-386.
作者姓名:杜二计  杨斌  谭昌海  肖瑶  刘广岳  邹德富  赵拥华  吴晓东  吴通华  赵林  胡国杰  周华云  李智斌  汪易
作者单位:1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻圈科学国家重点实验室 藏北高原冰冻圈特殊环境与灾害国家野外科学观测研究站,甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;3.中国地质调查局 应用地质研究中心,四川 成都 610036;4.南京信息工程大学 地理科学学院,江苏 南京 210044
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(41931180;41771076;42071094;41690142);
摘    要:多年冻土区活动层的冻融过程显著影响地-气间的水热交换、地表水文过程、冰缘地貌演变及寒区工程建设。活动层厚度的空间分异规律及其空间分布的准确模拟计算是冻土学研究的基础和核心问题之一。作为青藏高原中部东西走向最大的山脉和青藏高原多年冻土的主要分布区,唐古拉地区是青藏高原南部湿润区与北部干旱区的过渡区,该地区的活动层厚度空间分异规律研究对于揭示青藏高原多年冻土区活动层厚度整体空间分布规律具有重要意义。利用唐古拉地区南、北坡两个区域野外实测活动层厚度分布数据,分析了该区域活动层厚度的空间分异特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明,活动层厚度分布的突出特点是空间分异巨大,最小值仅为1.2 m,最大值达到5.6 m。以不同植被类型区活动层的平均厚度为对比标准,其分布特征为:沼泽草甸<高寒草甸<高寒荒漠<高寒草原,高寒草原的平均活动层厚度最大。对比南、北坡,南坡活动层厚度普遍大于北坡。Stefan方程的计算结果表明,活动层厚度的变化速率随土壤含水率的变化最大,其次为土壤热导率,而随地表融化指数的变化最小。实测土壤含水率、探坑数据及地表融化指数与活动层厚度分布关系表明,影响活动层厚度空间分异的最为敏感的因素为土壤含水率,其次为土壤热导率,地表融化指数的敏感性最小。

关 键 词:青藏高原  唐古拉地区  活动层  土壤含水率  土壤热导率  地面温度  
收稿时间:2021-08-16
修稿时间:2022-04-11

Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of active layer thickness in Tanggula area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Erji DU,Bin YANG,Changhai TAN,Yao XIAO,Guangyue LIU,Defu ZOU,Yonghua ZHAO,Xiaodong WU,Tonghua WU,Lin ZHAO,Guojie HU,Huayun ZHOU,Zhibin LI,Yi WANG.Distribution characteristics and its influencing factors of active layer thickness in Tanggula area on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2022,44(2):376-386.
Authors:Erji DU  Bin YANG  Changhai TAN  Yao XIAO  Guangyue LIU  Defu ZOU  Yonghua ZHAO  Xiaodong WU  Tonghua WU  Lin ZHAO  Guojie HU  Huayun ZHOU  Zhibin LI  Yi WANG
Affiliation:1.Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Chengdu 610036, China;4.School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Abstract:The freeze-thaw process of active layer significantly affects or controls the ground-air energy exchange, surface hydrology, periglacial landform and the engineering construction in permafrost regions. The spatial distribution of active layer thickness is one of the core issues in the study of permafrost regions, and its accurate spatial distribution simulation is also one of the most tough problems yet to be resolved. The Tanggula Mountains is the largest mountain range in the central part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, where permafrost wildly distributes. On the basis of field investigation, this paper analyzed the spatial differentiation characteristics of active layer and its main influencing factors. There are huge spatial differences in the thickness distribution of active layers in Tanggula area, with the minimum active layer thickness is 1.2 m, and maximum is 5.6 m. The variation law of average active layer thickness of different vegetation types is: marsh meadow < alpine meadow < alpine desert < alpine steppe. Although there are significant differences in air temperature and precipitation between the south slope and the north slope, there is no significant difference in the distribution of active layer thickness. The partial derivatives of Stefan equation show that the largest changing rate of active layer thickness comes from soil moisture, followed by soil thermal conductivity, and the smallest changing rate comes from ground surface temperature. Combining with the relationship analysis between active layer thickness and measured soil moisture, test pits data and surface thawing index in the study area, the results showed that the most important factor affecting the spatial distribution of active layer thickness is soil moisture, followed by soil thermal conductivity. While the change of ground surface temperature has no significant effect on the active layer thickness, and even can be ignored.
Keywords:Qinghai-Tibet Plateau  Tanggula area  active layer  soil moisture  soil thermal conductivity  ground surface temperature  
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