| 长江上游沱沱河源区多年冻土发育特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 周华云,刘广岳,杨斌,邹德富,赵林,杜二计,谭昌海,陈文,杨朝磊,文浪,旺扎多吉,张浔浔,肖瑶,胡国杰,李智斌,谢昌卫,汪凌霄,刘世博.长江上游沱沱河源区多年冻土发育特征[J].冰川冻土,2022,44(1):69-82. |
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| 作者姓名： | 周华云 刘广岳 杨斌 邹德富 赵林 杜二计 谭昌海 陈文 杨朝磊 文浪 旺扎多吉 张浔浔 肖瑶 胡国杰 李智斌 谢昌卫 汪凌霄 刘世博 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国科学院 西北生态环境资源研究院 冰冻科学国家重点实验室 藏北高原冰冻圈特殊环境与灾害国家野外科学观测研究站，甘肃 兰州 730000;2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049;3.中国地质调查局 应用地质研究中心，北京 100055;4.南京信息工程大学 地理科学学院，江苏 南京 210044 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41701073）资助； |
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| 摘 要： | 沱沱河流域是长江的发源地之一，其广泛分布的多年冻土对长江源区的产汇流过程、生态系统乃至于区域气候都有着重要影响，对该区域多年冻土分布和特征的调查和了解，可为研究江河源区多年冻土与气候、水文、生态的相互作用关系提供基础数据支撑。2020年10—11月，研究团队对沱沱河源区的多年冻土开展了为期50天的野外调查工作，并在不同下垫面类型、不同地貌部位和不同海拔高度共布设钻孔32个，总钻进深度1 200 m。该文是基于钻孔和探坑资料对沱沱河源区多年冻土特征和地下冰发育状况的初步总结。结果显示，沱沱河源区多年冻土在一定程度上受河流和地热影响形成了局部融区，其多年冻土下界大致在4 650~4 680 m之间；钻孔揭示的多年冻土上限平均埋藏深度为（2.47±0.98） m，部分地区存在融化夹层；受浅表层沉积物岩性和地热的影响，多年冻土下限埋藏深度相对较浅，平均为19.3 m，多年冻土相对较薄，平均厚度为15.0 m；多年冻土下限深度和多年冻土的厚度最大为75.0 m和72.7 m；地形地貌、沉积物特征和地热条件是影响多年冻土厚度存在较大空间差异的主要原因。研究区内地下冰主要分布于15.0 m深度以上范围内，同时也发现了处于萎缩状态的冰核丘与石质冻胀丘，这些现象也一定程度上与该研究区多年冻土退化过程有关。
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| 关 键 词： | 长江 沱沱河源区 多年冻土下界 融区 冻胀丘 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-03-11 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021-09-26 |
Characteristics of permafrost in Tuotuo River source area of upper Yangtze River |
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| ZHOU Huayun,LIU Guangyue,YANG Bin,ZOU Defu,ZHAO Lin,DU Erji,TAN Changhai,CHEN Wen,YANG Chaolei,WEN Lang,Duoji Wangzha,ZHANG Xunxun,XIAO Yao,HU Guojie,LI Zhibin,XIE Changwei,WANG Lingxiao,LIU Shibo.Characteristics of permafrost in Tuotuo River source area of upper Yangtze River[J].Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology,2022,44(1):69-82. |
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| Authors: | ZHOU Huayun LIU Guangyue YANG Bin ZOU Defu ZHAO Lin DU Erji TAN Changhai CHEN Wen YANG Chaolei WEN Lang Duoji Wangzha ZHANG Xunxun XIAO Yao HU Guojie LI Zhibin XIE Changwei WANG Lingxiao LIU Shibo |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Cryosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China;2.University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3.Research Center of Applied Geology of China Geological Survey, Beijing 100055, China;4.School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China |
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| Abstract: | Tuotuo River basin is one of the birthplaces of the Yangtze River， and its widely distributed permafrost has an important impact on the process of production and confluence， ecosystem， and even regional climate in the source area of the Yangtze River. The investigation and understanding of the distribution and characteristics of permafrost in this region can provide basic data support for studying the interaction between permafrost and climate， hydrology and ecology in the source region of the Yangtze River. From October to November 2020， we carried out a 50-day field investigation of permafrost in the source area of Tuotuo River and arranged 32 boreholes in different underlying surface types， different geomorphic parts， and different altitudes， with a total drilling depth of 1，200 meters. This paper is a preliminary summary of the characteristics of permafrost and the development of underground ice in the source area of the Tuotuo River based on the data of drilling and exploratory pits. The results show that the permafrost in the source region of the Tuotuo River has formed some taliks under the influence of rivers and geothermal energy to a certain extent， and its lower bound of permafrost is roughly between 4 650 m and 4 680 m. The average permafrost table depth exposed by boreholes is （2.47±0.98） m， and residual thawed interlayers exist in some areas. Affected by lithology and geothermal of shallow surface sediments， the permafrost base depth exposed by drilling holes is relatively shallow， with an average of 19.3 m， and permafrost is relatively thin， with an average thickness of 15.0 m. The maximum permafrost base depth and thickness of permafrost revealed by drilling holes are 75.0 m and 72.7 m， respectively. Topography， sediment characteristics， and geothermal conditions are the main reasons that affect the large spatial difference of permafrost thickness. The ground ice in the study area is mainly distributed at a depth of more than 15.0 m. At the same time， the shrinking pingo and lithalsa are also found. These phenomena also imply that the permafrost in the study area is in the process of degradation. |
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| Keywords: | Yangtze River source region of Tuotuo River permafrost talik frost mound |
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