| 交代岩石圈地幔与金成矿作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪在聪,王焰,汪翔,程怀,许喆.交代岩石圈地幔与金成矿作用[J].地球科学,2021,46(12):4197-4229. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪在聪 王焰 汪翔 程怀 许喆 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国地质大学地球科学学院,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074;中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,中国科学院矿物学与成矿学重点实验室,广东省矿物物理与材料研究开发重点实验室,广东广州510640;中国地质大学地球科学学院,地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北武汉 430074;中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局,广东广州510075 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项项目2016YFC0600103国家自然科学基金项目41722302国家自然科学基金项目41673027 |
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| 摘 要： | 交代岩石圈地幔与大型金矿床之间的成因联系受到越来越多的关注.研究成矿金属在地幔源区的富集程度和幔源岩浆中的金含量，以及金从地幔源区释放、迁移并大规模富集成矿的机制和过程可以帮助我们更好地认识交代岩石圈地幔对金富集成矿的重要作用.金是高度亲铜元素，同时还具有流体活动性，在地幔岩浆作用、岩浆热液演化和富集成矿等诸多过程中的行为较为复杂.主要从金的地球化学行为出发，通过梳理金在各类地幔岩石和幔源岩浆中的分布，以及岩浆热液中金的主要行为及其受控因素，探讨交代岩石圈地幔对巨量金成矿的关键控制机制.主要认识包括:（1）交代岩石圈地幔可能是形成大规模热液型金矿床的重要源区，但金在源区的异常富集可能并不是成矿的必要条件；（2）地幔交代组分（特别是挥发分）有助于金从地幔源区中有效释放、并通过跨岩石圈尺度的深大断裂迁移富集；（3）富挥发分的岩浆热液中金的富集沉淀过程远比一个富金的地幔源区对大规模金成矿作用的贡献更大.因此，深刻理解岩石圈地幔长期演化过程中金在地幔交代和岩浆-热液演化过程中的行为与富集机制是解析大型金矿床成因的关键.
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| 关 键 词： | 岩石圈地幔 交代作用 金成矿 亲铜元素 挥发分 地球化学 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-10-07 |
Metasomatized Lithospheric Mantle and Gold Mineralization |
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| Abstract: | Metasomatized lithospheric mantle has been considered to play a key control on the formation of giant gold (Au) deposits. Investigating the extent of Au enrichment in the metasomatized lithospheric mantle source and Au contents of mantle-derived magmas, as well as the mechanisms that promote the transportation and enrichment of Au from mantle source to large Au mineralization, could help us to understand the major controls responsible for the formation of giant hydrothermal Au deposits. Gold is one of the highly chalcophile elements and is also mobile in fluids. The behavior of Au in many processes such as mantle melting/metasomatism, magmatic-hydrothermal evolution, and mineralization is complicated. In this study, it compiles Au contents of mantle rocks and their derivative mafic magmas, and attempts to clarify key factors that control the behavior of Au from mantle, magmatic-hydrothermal processes to gold mineralization. It suggests that the metasomatized lithospheric mantle is an important source for giant hydrothermal Au deposits, but the remarkable Au enrichment of such mantle source is not necessarily required. Metasomatic components, especially volatiles, enable efficient release of Au from the mantle source to hydrous magmas and promote subsequent transportation and enrichment during magmatic-hydrothermal processes through trans-lithospheric fault systems. It thus emphasizes the main role of the metasomatized lithospheric mantle as the source of giant Au deposits and highlight the importance of metasomatic volatiles and related magmatic-hydrothermal processes in Au enrichment rather than anomalously pre-enriched sources or primary magmas. Therefore, understanding the behavior of Au in mantle metasomatism and magmatic-hydrothermal processes during the long-term evolution of the lithospheric mantle is the key to decode the genesis of giant hydrothermal Au deposits. |
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