| 沉积大地构造相划分与鉴别 |
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| 引用本文： | 张克信,何卫红,徐亚东,骆满生,宋博文,张智勇,潘桂棠,王永和,赵小明,邢光福.沉积大地构造相划分与鉴别[J].地球科学,2014,39(8):915-928. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张克信 何卫红 徐亚东 骆满生 宋博文 张智勇 潘桂棠 王永和 赵小明 邢光福 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.中国地质大学地质调查研究院, 湖北武汉 430074 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国地质调查局项目(Nos.1212010733802,12120113012500,1212011220529) |
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| 摘 要： | 沉积大地构造相是反映陆块区、洋区、洋与陆块之间的陆缘区(活动和被动陆缘)形成演变过程中, 在各个演化阶段及其特定的大地构造环境中形成的沉积盆地及其充填序列, 是表达大陆岩石圈板块在离散、汇聚、碰撞、走滑等动力学过程中形成的不同类型沉积盆地及其综合产物, 具有恢复陆块区和造山系形成演化的功能.为从大地构造环境和沉积盆地分析角度系统剖析中国大陆新元古代以来纷繁复杂的大陆增生历程, 根据中国大陆形成演化特点, 提出一套沉积大地构造相(沉积盆地类型)划分方案, 并简述其大地构造环境鉴别标志.该划分方案分4级(相系、大相、相和亚相): 一级为陆块区(含地块)相系和造山系相系.陆块区按构造古地理位置和区域构造应力场进一步划分出二级和三级单元.造山系由弧盆系、叠接带和对接带大相构成, 是岩石圈板块大规模水平运动, 在洋陆转换过程中岛弧增生、弧-弧碰撞、弧-陆碰撞、陆-陆碰撞和陆内俯冲的产物, 常表现为复杂岩石组成、复杂褶皱和断裂构造的巨大山系; 叠接带大相主要由弧-弧碰撞和弧-陆碰撞时, 在陆缘形成的洋-陆转化增生带, 是软碰撞产物; 对接带大相由陆-陆碰撞形成, 是硬碰撞产物.在造山系的弧盆系、叠接带和对接带大相之下, 按洋盆演化-洋陆转化历程所产生的系列构造古地理环境和建造, 进一步划分出洋盆、弧前盆地、弧间盆地、弧后盆地、残余海盆、周缘前陆盆地、弧后前陆盆地等大地构造相单元.
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| 关 键 词： | 沉积盆地 大地构造 鉴别标志 陆块 造山系 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-03-12 |
Subdivision and Identification of Sedimentary Tectonic Facies |
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| Abstract: | Sedimentary tectonic facies reveals different types of sedimentary basins and their sequences, distribution and comprehensive combination formed in a tectonic setting of a specific tectonic site in each evolutionary stage during the formation and evolution of a continental block, an ocean or a continental margin (active or passive), which is an integrated product of dynamic processes of divergence, convergence, collision and rotation-shear of continental lithosphere plates as well. It has the function of revealing the formation and evolution of continental blocks and orogenic systems (belts). In order to systematically analyze the complicated process of continental accretion since Neoproterozoic in Mainland China in the perspective of sedimentary tectonic facies and sedimentary basins based on characteristics of formation and evolution in Mainland China, this paper puts forward a set of classification scheme and briefly introduces identification markers of sedimentary tectonic facies (types of sedimentary basins). The scheme can be divided into 4 levels (facies series, macrofacies, facies and subfacies): the first level is continental block (including land block) and orogenic system facies series. Thereinto, continental block can be divided into macrofacies and facies on the basis of tectonic paleogeographic site and regional tectonic stress field. The orogenic system is comprised of arc-basin systems, accretional zone and opposite zone, with huge mountains accompanied by complex lithologic composition, fold and fault. In fact, it is the outcome of arc accretion, arc-arc collision, arc-continent collision, continent-continent collision, and inter-continent subduction in the process of conversion between continent and ocean, under the extensive act of horizontal movement of lithosphere plate. The accretional zone is the product of soft collision controlled by arc-arc and arc-continental collision, which spreads across the ocean-continent transformation accretion zone in continental margin. In contrast, the opposite zone is the outcome of hard collision formed by continent-continent collision. Down to next level, we can divide sedimentary tectonic basins into oceanic basin, forearc bsin, interarc basin, backarc basin, residue sea, peripheral foreland basin, backarc foreland basin, and so on, according to a series of tectonic paleogeographical environment and construction generated by the progress of ocean-continent transformation. |
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