| 基于POI数据的西宁市零售业空间格局探究 |
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| 引用本文： | 高子轶,张海峰.基于POI数据的西宁市零售业空间格局探究[J].干旱区地理,2019,42(5):1195-1204. |
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| 作者姓名： | 高子轶 张海峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁,810008;青海师范大学地理科学学院,青海西宁,810008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41661038）；青海省科技厅软科学研究计划项目（2015-ZJ-602） |
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| 摘 要： | 零售业是城市商业结构中最有活力的组成部分，合理有序的零售空间结构对促进经济的发展、提高资源的配置、满足居民的生活需求至关重要。POI作为新的空间数据源，能够客观地、准确地对商业空间结构进行识别和探究。西宁市位于青藏高原东北部，是连接青藏高原与中国大陆的重要门户。西宁市集中大量的人口，且存在有潜力的消费市场。基于POI大数据，运用核密度、局域Getis-Ord G*指数、Ripley’s K函数和区位熵的分析方法，以西宁市为研究案例探究零售网点的空间分布特征。零售业详细地分为以下8种类型，分别是食品、饮料及烟草制品，纺织、服装及日用品，文化、体育用品及器材，家用电器及电子产品，五金、家具室内装饰材料，医药及医疗器材，汽车、摩托车燃料及零配件，综合零售。结果表明：西宁市零售业集聚区空间分布特征显著，呈现“多集聚、多核心”商业空间形态。密度等级由中心区沿交通干线逐渐向外围递减；高密度集聚区分别分布在水井巷附近街区、商业巷附近街区、祁连路—北禅路交汇的附近街区（北山市场）和以万达广场为核心的海湖新区。行业属性不同使得零售点集聚和分布变化表现出较大的差异性，与人们日常生活密切相关的业态零售点呈现社区化、微型化和便利化的特征，且区位选择性较大，如：食品饮料及烟草制品、医药及医疗器材和综合零售行业，而家用电器及电子产品、文化体育用品和纺织服装等行业区位选择尺度小，集中在特定的区域；基于道路数据构建的街区单元冷热点区域分布特征显著，它受城市建设用地扩张，人口密度，交通可达性和城市规划等因素的影响，海湖新区将成为最有发展潜力的商业区；在街道尺度，各业态零售业专业化功能区块显著，发展成熟的街道表现出多优势行业集聚特征，西宁市多业态集聚区域较少，只有人民街街道。这项研究一方面有助于填补基于POI数据青藏高原河谷型城市商业空间结构研究的空白; 另一方面，为政府战略制定，零售商选址和城市规划提供一些参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 零售业空间结构 POI大数据 集聚特征 西宁市 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-02-19 |
Spatial structure of the retail industry in Xining City based on POI data |
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| GAO Zi-yi,ZHANG Hai-feng.Spatial structure of the retail industry in Xining City based on POI data[J].Arid Land Geography,2019,42(5):1195-1204. |
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| Authors: | GAO Zi-yi ZHANG Hai-feng |
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| Affiliation: | College of Geography Science,Qinghai Normal University,Xining 810008,Qinghai,China |
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| Abstract: | Retail industry is the most dynamic component of urban commercial spatial structure,and a rational and orderly spatial structure of retail industry is essential to promote economic development,improve resource allocation,and meet the needs of residents.As a new spatial data source,POI (Point of Interest) can objectively and accurately identify and explore retail industry spatial structure.Xining City is located in the northeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and is an important eastern gateway that links the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with mainland China,where has the most concentrated population and the most potential consumer market.This study aims to quantitatively identify the spatial pattern characteristics of retail industry using the methods of kernel density estimation,local Getis-Ord G* index,location entropy analysis and Ripley’s K function based on the POI data in the Xining City.The retailing industry is divided into eight categories:food beverage and tobaccos;textiles,garments and daily consumer articles;culture and sports appliances and equipment;household electric appliances and electronic products;hardware,furniture and decoration materials;medicines and medical appliances;motor vehicles fuel and parts;synthetic retail trade.The results show that the spatial agglomeration characteristics of the retail industry in Xining City are significant and have formed a “multi-aggregation,multi-core” commercial pattern.The density grading is gradually decreased from the central area along the traffic trunk to the periphery.The high-density agglomeration areas are distributed around the block of Shuijing Xiang,Shangye Xiang,Qilian-Beichan Road (Beishan Market) and Wanda Plaza (Haihu New Zone).The agglomeration and distribution of multi-type retail sites have their own characteristics due to their different industry attributes.The retail industry closely related to people’s daily consumption is characterized by community,miniaturization and facilitation,and have a wide range of site selection,such as food beverage and tobaccos,medicines and synthetic retail trade.However,household electric appliances and electronic products,culture and sports appliances and equipment,textiles,garments and daily consumer articles have a smaller location selection space,and they are concentrated in specific areas.The distribution characteristics of the hot spots and cold spots based on the road data in Xining City are significant,which is affected by the factors such as the expansion of urban construction land,population density,traffic accessibility and urban planning.Haihu New District will become the most promising development area.Various types of retail industry have significantly formed different regional specialization functional blocks at the street scale.Generally,more advantage industries are gathered in the mature districts,there are fewer multi-industry gathering areas in Xining City,only Renmin Sub-district.This research,on the one hand,contributes to filling the gap in the study of commercial spatial structure of valley-basin cities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau based on POI data,on the other hand,benefits for providing some references for government strategy-making,retailers’ location selection and urban planning. |
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| Keywords: | spatial structure of retail industry POI data agglomeration characteristics Xining City |
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