| 2000-2015年三江平原主要作物需水量征及影响因素分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 任修琳,李宏亮,张玉虎,蒲晓,张立林.2000-2015年三江平原主要作物需水量征及影响因素分析[J].干旱区地理,2019,42(4):854-866. |
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| 作者姓名： | 任修琳 李宏亮 张玉虎 蒲晓 张立林 |
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| 作者单位： | 首都师范大学资源环境与旅游学院,北京,100048;广西壮族自治区水利电力勘测设计研究院,广西南宁,530023;北京师范大学地理科学部资源学院,北京,100875 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2017YFC0406002） |
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| 摘 要： | 全生育期内作物需水量的研究是农业水资源有效利用和进行合理灌溉的重要依据。基于三江平原22个气象站点2000—2015年逐日气象观测资料及中国区域地面气象要素数据集，利用国际粮农组织 （FAO）Penman-Monteith模型和分段单值平均作物系数法，分别对三江平原水稻、玉米和大豆的作物需水量进行计算，分析作物需水量年际变化特征，采用通径分析法研究作物需水量的变化成因。结果表明：（1）三江平原16 a来年均参考作物蒸散量为537.4 mm，日均为 3.5 mm，呈波动减少趋势。（2）生长季内，水稻在分蘖期需水量最大，为177.1 mm，玉米在七叶期需水量最大，为99.7 mm，大豆在结荚期需水量最大，为96.1 mm；水稻、玉米和大豆的净灌溉需水量分别为195.4 mm、130.8 mm和72.2 mm，对灌溉的依赖程度水稻>玉米>大豆。（3）由通径分析结果可知，三江平原作物需水量的主要影响因素为净辐射、气温和日照时数。
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| 关 键 词： | 三江平原 作物需水量 净灌溉需水量 Penman-Monteith模型 通径分析 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-02-01 |
Water requirement characteristics and influencing factors of main crops in the Sanjiang Plain from 2000 to 2015 |
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| REN Xiulin,LI Hongliang,ZHANG Yuhu,PU Xiao,ZHANG Lilin.Water requirement characteristics and influencing factors of main crops in the Sanjiang Plain from 2000 to 2015[J].Arid Land Geography,2019,42(4):854-866. |
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| Authors: | REN Xiulin LI Hongliang ZHANG Yuhu PU Xiao ZHANG Lilin |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Resources Environment and Tourism,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China;
2Guangxi Water and Power Design Institute,Nanning 530023,Guangxi,China;3.School of Resources,Department of
Geographic Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China |
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| Abstract: | The study of crop water demand during the whole growing period is an important basis for rational irrigation and optimal allocation of water resources.The Sanjiang Plain is an important grain production base in Heilongjiang Province,China,which has a lot of water for agricultural irrigation.Therefore,it is urgent to carry out a quantitative and fine research on water demand of farmland crops so as to provide a scientific basis for improving irrigation efficiency.Based on the daily data from 22 meteorological stations andJP] China’s regional surface meteorological factor data sets during from 2000 to 2015,the Penman Monteith model,provided by the international food and agriculture organization (FAO),and the segmented single value average crop coefficient method were used to estimate the daily crop water demand and net irrigation water demand in the growing seasons (from May to September) of rice,corn and soybean crops in the Sanjiang Plain,and to analyze the change rules of the water demand of main crops in the Sanjiang Plain.The path analysis method was then used to study the change causes of the water demand of main crops.The results showed as follows: (1) The average annual reference crop evapotranspiration in the Sanjiang Plain in the 16 years period was 537.4 mm,and the average daily was 3.5 mm,showing a fluctuation reduction trend,and the fluctuation range was 447.3-602.8 mm. (2) The water demand of rice,corn and soybean during the whole growing period showed a single peak trend of increasing first and decreasing later.The water demand of rice at tillering stage was the largest with the amount being 177.1 mm.The water demand of corn at seven leaf stage was the largest with the amount being 99.7 mm.The water demand of soybean at pod bearing stage was the largest with the amount being 96.1 mm. (3) For rich and soybean,the effective rainfall mainly happened in the middle and late stages of their growth;while for maize,the effective rainfall was evenly distributed in the whole growth period.The net irrigation water requirements of rice,corn and soybean are respectively 195.4 mm,130.8 mm and 72.2 mm,and the degree of dependence on irrigation for the three crops formed a descending order as rice>corn>soybean.(4) Reference crop evapotranspiration is influenced by various meteorological elements,and its correlation with sunshine hours,air temperature and net radiation is better,and its mean correlation coefficients are 0.85,0.61 and 0.89 respectively;the reference crop evapotranspiration was negatively correlated with relative humidity and precipitation,and the average correlation coefficients were -0.73 and -0.53,respectively. (5)According to path analysis,the direct path coefficient results show that the main factors affecting crop water demand in the Sanjiang Plain are net radiation,air temperature and sunshine hours.It can be seen from the indirect path coefficient of the influence factors that the influence factors restrict and influence each other,so the change of water demand of rice,corn and soybean in the Sanjiang Plain is affected by the combinations of the influence factors.This study provides a long time series analysis of daily crop water demand characteristics in the Sanjiang Plain,aiming to provide a reference for rational irrigation of crops in the Sanjiang Plain in order to realize optimal allocation and efficient utilization of water resources. |
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| Keywords: | Sanjiang Plain crop water requirement net irrigation water requirement Penman Monteith model path analysis |
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