| 基于GIS和元胞自动机的玛纳斯河流域典型绿洲景观格局优化 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱磊,刘雅轩.基于GIS和元胞自动机的玛纳斯河流域典型绿洲景观格局优化[J].干旱区地理,2013,36(5):946-954. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱磊 刘雅轩 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052； 2 新疆财经大学经济学院， 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830012 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（41101178）；国家自然科学基金项目（41101157）资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 近几十年来，玛纳斯河流域以耕地面积过度扩张、山区林地与草地退化为代表的一系列不可持续的发展方式已对区域生态安全和土地可持续利用构成了威胁。通过利用遥感影像与GIS方法，以沙湾县和农八师垦区为研究区，定量评价了区域土地利用的空间适宜性，并将其与国家退耕还林还草政策作为主要约束条件，建立元胞自动机模型对研究区景观格局进行了空间优化。结果表明：（1）1976-2012年，研究区耕地面积显著扩张，增加的耕地主要由未利用地、草地和林地转换而来；林地面积净减少幅度达65.90%，转出林地中有58.33%转换为耕地；草地净面积在研究时段内虽略有增加，但仍有6.352×104 hm2的草地转换为耕地，占草地转出总面积的66.03%；（2）耕地、林地和草地适宜性等级处于I级（很适宜）和Ⅱ级（适宜）的面积分别占研究区总面积的79.74%、70.23%和59.82%；（3）优化后，区域内耕地、林地和草地三者的比例由原来的6.04∶0.39∶3.57调整为4.03∶0.99∶4.98。优化结果在一定程度上减缓了耕地的扩张，提高了林地、草地所占比例，有利于该区域绿洲生态系统的稳定性和社会经济可持续发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 玛纳斯河流域 绿洲 土地适宜性 空间优化 元胞自动机 |
| 收稿时间： | 2012-12-27 |
Landscape optimization of typical oasis in Manas River Basin based on GIS and Cellular Automata |
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| ZHU Lei,LIU Ya-xuan.Landscape optimization of typical oasis in Manas River Basin based on GIS and Cellular Automata[J].Arid Land Geography,2013,36(5):946-954. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Lei LIU Ya-xuan |
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| Affiliation: | 1 College of Prataculture and Environment Science, Xinjiang Agricultral University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China;2 School of Economics, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, Urumqi 830012, Xinjiang, China |
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| Abstract: | In the past 30 years，intensive human activities produced a series of ecological problems in the Manas River Basin，especially excessive expansion of arable land and degradation of woodland and grassland，which threaten the ecological security of oasis. Based on remote sensing image data，this paper studied the characteristics of land use change of a typical oasis area in the Manas River Basin—Shawan County and Eighth Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Then spatial land suitability was evaluated quantitively by using GIS. Finally，Cellular Automata model was built by constraints of suitability evaluation results and the “returning cultivated land to woodland and grassland” policy for spatial optimizing. Results showed as follows：（1）expansion of cultivated land was significantly from 1976 to 2012 that mainly converted from unused land，woodland and grassland; net area of woodland reduced 9.035×104 hm2 and 57.92% of reduced woodland was conversed to cultivated land; despite a 5.621×103 hm2 net increase in the study period，6.352×104 hm2 grassland converted to cultivated land； water area reduced with 1.198×104 hm2 and rural residential area grown nearly 3.5 times than that in 1976； unused land area reduced 2.441×105 hm2 that mainly converted to arable land，grassland and woodland. （2）the area of cultivated land，woodland and grassland in Class I （very appropriate） and II level （appropriate） of land suitability evaluation，respectively，accounted for 79.74%，70.23% and 59.82% of the total study area；（3）the proportion of cultivated land，woodland and grassland turned from 6.04∶0.39∶3.57 to 4.03∶0.99∶4.98 after the optimization. Optimized results showed a restraint of the arable land expansion，and increased the proportion of woodland，grassland which is conducive to stability and sustainable socio-economic-ecological development of the oasis region. |
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| Keywords: | the Manas River Basin oasis land suitability spatial optimizing cellular automaton |
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