| 半干旱区降水和水土保持措施强度-径流演变规律研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡彦婷,张 富,罗珠珠,靳峰,周蕊,赵秀兰,包炳琛.半干旱区降水和水土保持措施强度-径流演变规律研究[J].干旱区地理,2020,43(6):1426-1434. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡彦婷 张 富 罗珠珠 靳峰 周蕊 赵秀兰 包炳琛 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.甘肃农业大学林学院，甘肃 兰州 730070； 2 甘肃省干旱生境作物学国家重点实验室/甘肃农业大学， 甘肃 兰州 730070； 3 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院，甘肃 兰州 730070； 4 甘肃省水利厅，
甘肃 兰州 730000； 5 甘肃省水土保持科学研究所，甘肃 兰州 730000 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃农业大学科技创新基金项目（GSAU-XKJS-2018-105） |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究不同时期及水土保持措施条件下，降水量、水土保持措施强度与径流的演变规律， 运用泰森多边形法、Morlet 小波分析法、回归分析法，构建多元功效函数，进行甘肃省定西市安定区 近 60 a 年降水量、措施强度与径流演变研究。结果表明：1957—2016 年年径流量呈递减趋势，达极 显著水平（P＜0.001）；在 22 ~ 24 a、8 a、4 a 时间尺度上，年降水量和径流具有明显的震荡周期，平均 周期为 15 a、5 a、3 a 左右。梯田、造林、种草及封育等水土保持措施强度逐年递增，分别达 36.14 hm2?km-2、25.26 hm2?km-2、11.56 hm2?km-2 和 3.22 hm2?km-2。随周期（3 a、5 a、15 a）的变长，同等降水 量对产流量影响有所增大；同等水土保持措施强度对产流量影响有所减小；降水量和措施强度组 合解释了径流模数总方差的 57.46% ~ 85.80%；降水量对径流模数的影响约低于 40%，措施强度的 影响约高于 60%，说明措施强度对径流的影响较降水量更大。近 60 a 径流量的减少，主要是由于 水土保持措施的递增引起。
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| 关 键 词： | 演变规律 降水量 水土保持措施强度 径流 半干旱区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-10-19 |
Precipitation and soil and water conservation measures intensity-runoff evolution law in semi-arid areas |
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| HU Yan-ting,ZHANG Fu,LUO Zhu-zhu,JIN Feng,ZHOU Rui,ZHAO Xiu-lan,BAO Bing-chen.Precipitation and soil and water conservation measures intensity-runoff evolution law in semi-arid areas[J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(6):1426-1434. |
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| Authors: | HU Yan-ting ZHANG Fu LUO Zhu-zhu JIN Feng ZHOU Rui ZHAO Xiu-lan BAO Bing-chen |
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| Affiliation: | 1.College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;2.Gansu Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science/ Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;3.College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China;4.Gansu
Provincial Department of Water Resources, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;5.College of Forestry, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China |
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| Abstract: | The evolution law and cause analysis of runoff in a climate change, principally the quantitative analysis of the impact of precipitation and soil and water conservation measures on runoff, are still hot issues in the current hydrology and water resources research. An improved understanding of the effect of rainfall and soil and water conserving practices on runoff is obligatory to manage runoff under a changing climate. The current study aims specifically to the evolution of precipitation, measures, and runoff under different periods and soil and water conservation measures. Here, the average precipitation using the Tyson polygon method was determined. The periodicity of precipitation and runoff was analyzed using the Morlet wavelet analysis. Moreover, in order to analyze the relationship between different periods of precipitation, a runoff regression analysis was performed in a controlled area. Through the construction of multivariate function, precipitation was determined, intensity was measured, and runoff evolution was predicted in Anding District, Dingxi City, Gansu Province, China in the past 60 a. The results depicted that (1) the annual runoff exhibits a decreasing trend from 1957 to 2016. The runoff decline reached a very significant level (P<0.001) except with the annual precipitation. On the time scale of 22- 24 a, 8 a, and 4 a, the annual precipitation and runoff have obvious oscillation periods and the average period is about 15 a, 5 a, and 3 a. In the first 10 a, the runoff responded strongly to the change of precipitation and the trend was highly synergistic, indicating that this period had a better correlation. In the last 50 a, the response of the runoff to the change of precipitation is attenuated rapidly, and the trend is synergistic alienation, illustrating that the runoff change of the study area after 1986 is greatly affected by other factors, especially after 2000. (2) With the advancement of soil and water conservation work, the intensity of soil and water conservation measures such as terraces, artificial afforestation, artificial grass planting, and enclosure gradually increase to 36.14 hm2 ?km- 2, 25.26 hm2?km- 2, 11.56 hm2?km- 2, and 3.22hm2?km- 2, respectively. With the implementation of soil and water conservation measures, such as conversion of cropland to forest and grassland and terracing of sloping fields, the non-controlled area is gradually transformed into the controlled area. (3) With the increase of the period (3 a, 5 a, 15 a), the effect of the same precipitation on the runoff generation increases, and the impact of the same intensity of measures on the runoff generation decreases. The combination of precipitation and measured intensity explained 57.46%- 85.80% of the total variance of runoff modulus. The influence of precipitation on runoff modulus was about less than 40% and the impact of measure intensity was about 60% higher. This shows that the impact of the intensity of measures on runoff exceeds the driving force of the precipitation factor. Under the condition of no-significant changes in precipitation in the past 60 a from 1957 to 2016, the continuous decrease in runoff is due to the increase in the intensity of soil and water conservation measures. This study provides support for scientific and rational adjustment of land use structure, deployment of soil and water conservation measures, and construction of ecological environment. |
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| Keywords: | evolution law precipitation soil and water conservation measures intensity runoff semi-arid area |
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