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1.
Recently, Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space Sci., doi:, 2011a) discussed charged fluid spheres with pressure while Bijalwan and Gupta (Astrophys. Space Sci. 317, 251–260, 2008) suggested using a monotonically decreasing function f to generate all possible physically viable charged analogues of Schwarzschild interior solutions analytically. They discussed some previously known and new solutions for Schwarzschild parameter u( = \fracGMc2a ) ￡ 0.142u( =\frac{GM}{c^{2}a} ) \le 0.142, a being radius of star. In this paper we investigate wide range of u by generating a class of solutions that are well behaved and suitable for modeling Neutron star charge matter. We have exploited the range u≤0.142 by considering pressure p=p(ω) and f = ( f0(1 - \fracR2(1 - w)a2) +fa\fracR2(1 - w)a2 )f = ( f_{0}(1 - \frac{R^{2}(1 - \omega )}{a^{2}}) +f_{a}\frac{R^{2}(1 - \omega )}{a^{2}} ), where w = 1 -\fracr2R2\omega = 1 -\frac{r^{2}}{R^{2}} to explore new class of solutions. Hence, class of charged analogues of Schwarzschild interior is found for barotropic equation of state relating the radial pressure to the energy density. The analytical models thus found are well behaved with surface red shift z s ≤0.181, central red shift z c ≤0.282, mass to radius ratio M/a≤0.149, total charge to total mass ratio e/M≤0.807 and satisfy Andreasson’s (Commun. Math. Phys. 288, 715–730, 2009) stability condition. Red-shift, velocity of sound and p/c 2 ρ are monotonically decreasing towards the surface while adiabatic index is monotonically increasing. The maximum mass found to be 1.512 M Θ with linear dimension 14.964 km. Class of charged analogues of Schwarzschild interior discussed in this paper doesn’t have neutral counter part. These solutions completely describe interior of a stable Neutron star charge matter since at centre the charge distribution is zero, e/M≤0.807 and a typical neutral Neutron star has mass between 1.35 and about 2.1 solar mass, with a corresponding radius of about 12 km (Kiziltan et al., [astro-ph.GA], 2010).  相似文献   

2.
Rahaman et al. (Astrophys. Space. Sci. 331:191–197, 2010) discussed some classical electron models (CEM) in general relativity. Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space. Sci. 334:139–143, 2011) present a general exact solution of the Einstein-Maxwell equations in terms of pressure. We showed that charged fluid solutions in terms of pressure are not reducible to a well behaved neutral counter part for a spatial component of metrice λ . Hence, these solutions represent an electron model in general relativity. We illustrated solutions in terms of pressure briefly with de-Sitter equation of state and charged analogues of Kohler Chao interior solution as a special cases.  相似文献   

3.
The paper presents a class of interior solutions of Einstein-Maxwell field equations of general relativity for a static, spherically symmetric distribution of the charged fluid. This class of solutions describes well behaved charged fluid balls. The class of solutions gives us wide range of parameter K (0.3277≤K≤0.49), for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of super dense star. For this solution the mass of a star is maximized with all degree of suitability and by assuming the surface density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3. Corresponding to K=0.3277 with X=−0.15, the maximum mass of the star comes out to be M=0.92M Θ with radius r b ≈17.15 km and the surface red shift Z b ≈0.087187. It has been observed that under well behaved conditions this class of solutions gives us the mass of super dense object within the range of white-dwarf.  相似文献   

4.
The paper presents a class of interior solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations of general relativity for a static, spherically symmetric distribution of the charged fluid. This class of solutions describes well behaved charged fluid balls. The class of solutions gives us wide range of parameter K (0≤K≤42) for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of super dense star. For this solution the mass of a star is maximized with all degree of suitability and by assuming the surface density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3. Corresponding to K=2 and X=0.30, the maximum mass of the star comes out to be 4.96 M Θ with linear dimension 34.16 km and central redshift and surface redshift 2.1033 and 0.683 respectively. In absence of the charge we are left behind with the well behaved fourth model of Durgapal (J. Phys., A, Math. Gen. 15:2637, 1982).  相似文献   

5.
The paper presents a variety of classes of interior solutions of Einstein–Maxwell field equations of general relativity for a static, spherically symmetric distribution of the charged fluid with well behaved nature. These classes of solutions describe perfect fluid balls with positively finite central pressure, positively finite central density; their ratio is less than one and causality condition is obeyed at the center. The outmarch of pressure, density, pressure–density ratio and the adiabatic speed of sound is monotonically decreasing for these solutions. Keeping in view of well behaved nature of these solutions, two new classes of solutions are being studied extensively. Moreover, these classes of solutions give us wide range of constant K for which the solutions are well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of super dense star. For solution (I1) the mass of a star is maximized with all degree of suitability and by assuming the surface density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3 corresponding to K=1.19 and X=0.20, the maximum mass of the star comes out to be 2.5M Θ with linear dimension 25.29 Km and central redshift 0.2802. It has been observed that with the increase of charge parameter K, the mass of the star also increases. For n=4,5,6,7, the charged solutions are well behaved with their neutral counterparts however, for n=1,2,3, the charged solution are well behaved but their neutral counterparts are not well behaved.  相似文献   

6.
We show in this article that charged fluid with pressure derived by Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space. Sci. doi:, 2011a) can be used to model classical electron, quark, neutron stars and pulsar with charge matter, quasi black hole, white dwarf, super-dense star etc. Recent analysis by Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space. Sci., 2011d) that all charged fluid solutions in terms of pressure mimic the classical electron model are partially correct because solutions by Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space. Sci. doi:, 2011a) may possess a neutral counterpart. In this paper we characterized solutions in terms of pressure for charged fluids that have and do not have a well behaved neutral counter part considering same spatial component of metric e λ for neutral and charged fluids. We discussed solution by Gupta and Maurya (Astrophys. Space Sci. 331(1):135–144, 2010a) and solutions by Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space Sci. doi:, 2011b; Astrophys. Space Sci. doi:, 2011c; Astrophys. Space Sci., 2011d) such that charged fluids possess and do not possess a neutral counterpart as special cases, respectively. For brevity, we only present some analytical results in this paper.  相似文献   

7.
We present a variety of well behaved classes of Charge Analogues of Tolman’s iv (1939). These solutions describe charged fluid balls with positively finite central pressure, positively finite central density; their ratio is less than one and causality condition is obeyed at the centre. The outmarch of pressure, density, pressure-density ratio and the adiabatic speed of sound is monotonically decreasing, however, the electric intensity is monotonically increasing in nature. These solutions give us wide range of parameter for every positive value of n for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of super dense stars. keeping in view of well behaved nature of these solutions, one new class of solutions is being studied extensively. Moreover, this class of solutions gives us wide range of constant K (0.3≤K≤0.91) for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of super dense stars like Strange Quark stars, Neutron stars and Pulsars. For this class of solutions the mass of a star is maximized with all degree of suitability, compatible with Quark stars, Neutron stars and Pulsars. By assuming the surface density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3 (like, Brecher and Caporaso in Nature 259:377, 1976), corresponding to K=0.30 with X=0.39, the resulting well behaved model has the mass M=2.12M Θ, radius r b ≈15.27 km and moment of inertia I=4.482×1045 g cm2; for K=0.4 with X=0.31, the resulting well behaved model has the mass M=1.80M Θ, radius r b ≈14.65 km and moment of inertia I=3.454×1045 g cm2; and corresponding to K=0.91 with X=0.135, the resulting well behaved model has the mass M=0.83M Θ, radius r b ≈11.84 km and moment of inertia I=0.991×1045 g cm2. For n=0 we rediscovered Pant et al. (in Astrophys. Space Sci. 333:161, 2011b) well behaved solution. These values of masses and moment of inertia are found to be consistent with other models of Neutron stars and Pulsars available in the literature and are applicable for the Crab and the Vela Pulsars.  相似文献   

8.
We obtain a well behaved class of charge analogues of neutral superdense star model due to Kuchowicz, by using a particular electric field, which involves a parameter K and vanishes when K=0. The members of this class are seen to satisfy the various physical conditions e.g. c 2 ρ≥3p≥0, dp/dr<0, dρ/dr<0, along with the velocity of sound, dp/c 2 dρ<1 and the adiabatic index ((p+c 2 ρ)/p)(dp/(c 2 dρ))>1, for the interval 0<K<1 with the maximum mass 6.8374M Θ and the radius 23.4679 km with the central red shift Z c =0.75364. In the interval, 0<K≤0.1179, the velocity of sound and the ratio p/c 2 ρ are found monotonically decreasing towards the pressure free interface, which presents a relevant model for massive star like Neutron star or pulsar with the maximum mass as 4.1474M Θ and the radius 20.5481 km with the central red shift Z c =0.6654.  相似文献   

9.
In this paper we present a new class of nonsingular solutions representing time dependent balls of perfect fluid with matter-radiation in general relativity. The solution of the class is suitable for interior modeling of a quasar i.e. a massive radiating star. The interior solution is matched with a zero pressure Vaidya metric. From this solution we constructed a quasar model by assuming the life time of the quasar of ≈107 year. We obtained a mass of the quasar of ≈109 M θ , linear dimension ≈1017 km and a rate of emission L ∞≈1047 erg/s.  相似文献   

10.
A new class of charged super-dense star models is obtained by using an electric intensity, which involves a parameter, K. The metric describing the model shares its metric potential g 44 with that of Durgapal’s fourth solution (J. Phys. A, Math. Gen. 15:2637, 1982). The pressure-free surface is kept at the density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3 and joins smoothly with the Reissner-Nordstrom solution. The charge analogues are well-behaved for a wide range, 0≤K≤59, with the optimum value of X=0.264 i.e. the pressure, density, pressure–density ratio and velocity of sound are monotonically decreasing and the electric intensity is monotonically increasing in nature for the given range of the parameter K. The maximum mass and the corresponding radius occupied by the neutral solution are 4.22M Θ and 20 km, respectively for X=0.264. For the charged solution, the maximum mass and radius are defined by the expressions M≈(0.0059K+4.22)M Θ and r b ≈−0.021464K+20 km respectively.  相似文献   

11.
The focussing of gravitational radiation by the interior and exterior gravitational field of a Newtonian gravitational lens is considered. A graphical method for determining the caustic structure of a Newtonian gravitational lens is presented and the caustic structure of a solar type gravitational lens is discussed. Estimates of the amplitude magnification in the caustic region indicate that waves with frequencies less than a critical cutoff frequency ω c are not amplified significantly. For a lens of massM this cutoff frequency is ω c ≈(10-1πM)-1; for the Sun ω c ≈104s-1. Work supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant PHY78-05368.  相似文献   

12.
Recently, Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space Sci. doi:, 2011) discussed all important solutions of charged fluid spheres with pressure and Gupta et al. (Astrophys. Space Sci. doi:, 2010) found first closed form solutions of charged Vaidya-Tikekar (V-T) type super-dense star. We extend here the approach evolved by Bijalwan (Astrophys. Space Sci. doi:, 2011) to find all possible closed form solutions of V-T type super-dense stars. The existing solutions of Vaidya-Tikekar type charged fluid spheres considering particular form of electric field intensity are being used to model massive stars. Infact at present maximum masses of the star models are found to be 8.223931M Θ and 8.460857M Θ subject to ultra-relativistic and non-relativistic conditions respectively. But these stars with such are large masses are not well behaved due to decreasing velocity of sound in the interior of star. We present new results concerning the existence of static, electrically charged perfect fluid spheres that have a regular interior. It is observed that electric intensity used in this article can be used to model superdense stars with ultrahigh surface density of the order 2×1014 gm/cm3 which may have maximum mass 7.26368240M Θ for ultra-relativistic condition and velocity of sound found to be decreasing towards pressure free interface. We solve the Einstein-Maxwell equations considering a general barotropic equation of state with pressure. For brevity we don’t present a detailed analysis of the derived solutions in this paper.  相似文献   

13.
In this paper we present a detailed study of BCT Ist solution Tewari (Astrophys. Space Sci. 149:233, 1988) representing time dependent balls of perfect fluid with matter-radiation in general relativity. Assuming the life time of quasar 107 years our model has initial mass≈108 M Θ with an initial linear dimension≈1015 cm. Our model is radiating the energy at a constant rate i.e. L ∞=1047 ergs/sec with the gravitational red shift, z=0.44637. In this model we have 2GM(u)/c 2 R S (u))=0.3191 i.e. the model is horizon free.  相似文献   

14.
In the present article, we have obtained a class of charged superdense star models, starting with a static spherically symmetric metric in curvature coordinates by considering Durgapal (J. Phys. A 15:2637, 1982) type metric i.e. g 44=B(1+Cr 2) n , where n being any positive integer. It is observed that the maximum mass of the charged fluid models is monotonically increasing with the increasing values of n≤4. For n≥4, the maximum mass of the charged fluid models is throughout monotonically decreasing and over all maximum mass is attained at n=4. The present metric tends to another metric which describes the charged analogue of Kuchowicz neutral solution as n→∞. Consequently the lower limit of maximum mass of the charged fluid models could be determined and found to be 5.1165 solar mass with corresponding radius 18.0743 Km. While the upper limit of maximum mass of the model of this category is already known to be 5.7001 solar mass with corresponding radius 17.1003 Km for n=4. The solutions so obtained are well behaved.  相似文献   

15.
The in-plane motion of a Geosynchronous satellite under the gravitational effects of the sun, the moon and the oblate earth has been studied. The radial deviation (Δr) and the tangential deviation (r cΔθ) have been determined. Herer c represents the synchronous altitude. It has been seen that the sum of the oscillatory terms in Δr for different inclinations is a small finite quantity whereas the sum of the oscillatory terms inr cΔθ for different inclinations is quite large due to the presence of the low-frequency terms in the denominator  相似文献   

16.
A family of charge analogues of a neutral solution with g 44=(1+Cr 2)6 has been obtained by using a specific electric intensity, which involves a parameter K. Both neutral and charged solutions are analysed physically subject to the surface density 2×1014 gm/cm3 (neutron star). The neutral solution is well behaved for 0.0<Ca 2≤0.10477 while its charge analogues are well behaved for a wide range of a parameter K (0≤K≤72) i.e. pressure, density, pressure-density ratio, velocity of sound is monotonically decreasing and the electric intensity is monotonically increasing in nature for the given range of the parameter K. The maximum mass and radius occupied by the neutral solution are 3.4126M Θ and 18.9227 km for Ca 2=0.10447 respectively. While the red shift at centre Z 0=0.9686 and red shift at the surface Z a =0.4612. For the charged solution, the maximum mass and radius are 5.6111M Θ and 17.2992 km respectively for K=3.0130 and Ca 2=0.2500, with the red shift Z 0=3.0113 and Z a =1.0538.  相似文献   

17.
We present three new categories of exact and spherically symmetric Solutions with finite central parameters of the general relativistic field equations. Two well behaved solutions in curvature coordinates first category are being studied extensively. These solutions describe perfect fluid balls with positively finite central pressure, positively finite central density; their ratio is less than one and causality condition is obeyed at the centre. The outmarch of pressure, density, pressure-density ratio and the adiabatic speed of sound is monotonically decreasing for these solutions. Keeping in view of well behaved nature of these solutions, one of the solution (I1) is studied extensively. The solution (I1) gives us wide range of Schwarzschild parameter u (0.138≤u≤0.263), for which the solution is well behaved hence, suitable for modeling of Neutron star. For this solution the mass of Neutron star is maximized with all degree of suitability and by assuming the surface density ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3. Corresponding to u=0.263, the maximum mass of Neutron star comes out to be 3.369 M Θ with linear dimension 37.77 km and central and surface redshifts are 4.858 and 0.4524 respectively. We also study some well known regular solutions (T-4, D-1, D-2, H, A, P) of Einstein’s field equations in curvature coordinates with the feature of constant adiabatic sound speed. We have chosen those values of Schwarzschild parameter u for which, these solutions describe perfect fluid balls realistic equations of state. However, except (P) solution, all these solutions have monotonically non-decreasing feature of adiabatic sound speed. Hence (P) solution is having a well behaved model for uniform radial motion of sound. Keeping in view of well behaved nature of the solution for this feature and assuming the surface density; ρ b =2×1014 g/cm3, the maximum mass of Neutron star comes out to be 1.34 M Θ with linear dimension 28.74 km. Corresponding central and surface redshifts are 1.002 and 0.1752 respectively.  相似文献   

18.
In this paper we have investigated the beat wave excitation of an ion-acoustic wave at the difference frequency of two kinetic (or shear) Alfvén waves propagating in a magnetized plasma with β<1 (β=8π n e0 T e/B 0 2 , where n e0 is the unperturbed electron number density, T e is the electron temperature, and B 0 is the external magnetic field). On account of the interaction between two kinetic Alfvén waves of frequencies ω 1 and ω 2, the ponderomotive force at the difference frequency ω 1−ω 2 leads to the generation of an ion-acoustic wave. Also because of the filamentation of the Alfvén waves, magnetic-field-aligned density dips are observed. In this paper we propose that the ion-acoustic wave generated by this mechanism may be one of the possible mechanisms for the heating and acceleration of solar wind particles.  相似文献   

19.
It is shown that the usual choice of units obtained by taking G=c=ℏ=1, giving the Planck’s units of mass, length and time, introduces an artificial contradiction between cosmology and particle physics: the lambda problem that we associate with ℏ. We note that the choice of ℏ=1 does not correspond to the scale of quantum physics. For this scale we prove that the correct value is ℏ≈1/10122, while the choice of ℏ=1 corresponds to the cosmological scale. This is due to the scale factor of 1061 that converts the Planck scale to the cosmological scale. By choosing the ratio G/c 3=constant=1, which includes the choice G=c=1, and the momentum conservation mc=constant, we preserve the derivation of the Einstein field equations from the action principle. Then the product Gm/c 2=r g , the gravitational radius of m, is constant. For a quantum black hole we prove that ℏ≈r g 2≈(mc)2. We also prove that the product Λℏ is a general constant of order one, for any scale. The cosmological scale implies Λ≈ℏ≈1, while the Planck scale gives Λ≈1/ℏ≈10122. This explains the Λ problem. We get two scales: the cosmological quantum black hole (QBH), size ∼1028 cm, and the quantum black hole (qbh) that includes the fundamental particles scale, size ∼10−13 cm, as well as the Planck’ scale, size ∼10−33 cm.   相似文献   

20.
We study a perfect fluid Bianchi II models with time varying constants under the self-similarity approach. In the first of the studied model, we consider that only vary G and Λ. The obtained solution is more general that the obtained one for the classical solution since it is valid for an equation of state ω∈(−1,∞) while in the classical solution ω∈(−1/3,1). Taking into account the current observations, we conclude that G must be a growing time function while Λ is a positive decreasing function. In the second of the studied models we consider a variable speed of light (VSL). We obtain a similar solution as in the first model arriving to the conclusions that c must be a growing time function if Λ is a positive decreasing function.  相似文献   

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