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1.
1 Introduction Land use and land coverare the m ostprom inentlandscape sym bolofthe earth surface system (Shi,1997).Notonly the spatialpatterns ofthe earth surface features changed by man can be recorded objectively,butalso the space-tim e change processo… 相似文献
2.
1 IntroductionPhenology is the study ofthe recurring vegetation cycles and theirconnection to the surroundingenvironm ental factors such as clim ate, hydrology, soil, etc. (W an et al., 1987). Phenologicalrecords provide an integrative indication of the s… 相似文献
3.
土地利用变化及其生态响应综述 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
1 IntroductionLand use change,as one ofthe m ain driving forces ofglobalenvironm entalchange,is centraltothe sustainable developm ent debate (Figure 1).The types of land use are distinguished as landcover conversion,i.e.,the com plete replacem ent of one … 相似文献
4.
《山地学报》1989,(1)
Connected the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau with the Yunnan Plateau, the Heng-duan Mountainous Region, tipping from north to south, comprises of a seriesof high mountain ridges sandwiched between deep gorges. The landforms ofthe region is characterized by mountains, plateaus, valleys and basins, interlacedand separated with distinct relief. 相似文献
5.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2007,(4)
P343.62007042998乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川不同时期雪层剖面及成冰带对比研究=Acontrast of the ice formation ti me,ice formation zonesand the stratigraphic profiles of snow pits in different ti me ofthe Glacier No.1at the headwaters of the Urumqi River,Tian-shan Mo 相似文献
6.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2007,(3)
冰川P343.62007032023念青唐古拉山羊八井附近古仁河口冰川的变化=Change ofthe Gurenhekou glacier in Yangbajain area,Nyainqentanglharange/蒲健辰,姚嬗栋…∥冰川冻土.—2006,28(6).—861~864利用GPS测量冰川不同时期的相关位置,结合地形图和航空照片的分析,在2004-2006年 相似文献
7.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2006,(1)
F2932006010442长江三角洲都市连绵区边界界定研究=Boundary analysis ofthe Yangtze Delta megalopolis region/于涛方,吴志强∥长江流域资源与环境.—2005,14(4).—397~403图3表1参12(宋金叶)HNF1272006010443长江城市岸线资源港口开发适宜性分析与合理利用:以南京市为例=Ana 相似文献
8.
Carey et al.utilized principal components analysis (PCA) to analyze frequency shift data obtained frompiezoelectric sensors formed by coating quartz crystals with 27 different GC stationary phases and testedusing 14 analytes.The objective of the analysis was to determine an optimal reduced set of coatings fordetection of the analytes.The results were correlated with those obtained from cluster analysis.In thispaper the data are re-analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA).The advantage of using CA includea symmetric treatment of sensor coatings and analytes and better identification of the representation ofthe analytes in terms of the detection components.The results obtained by the conjunctive use of PCA,a varimax rotation and cluster analysis were obtained by CA. 相似文献
9.
H.J.RUSKIN 《地理学报(英文版)》1989,(2)
A brief review of the literature on point estimators in linear calibration problems is undertaken,Supportive evidence for the relative merits of the classical and inverse regression models,drawn in generalfrom the classical inferential and Bayesian approaches,is considered and the criteria for comparison ofthe estimators are discussed with respect to their suitability for certain classes of problems.Theperformance of the estimators is assessed with respect to determining the current value of ‘x’,thepercentage concentration of administered drug levels in blood in this example.No single‘best’methodof estimation appears to hold for all values of the unknown concentration when performance is assessedby criteria based on the mean square error (MSE).However,the inverse estimator would appear to besuperior to the classical for those values of unknown X close to x. 相似文献
10.
《中国地理与资源文摘》2004,(3)
H78.53一2侧润031875南极海冰区冰燕类群及兴衰杖程=A全曰妊印ofthe iceal网~blag比曲dt城r live histo]叹in the八刀t田允tic sea-ice~/何剑锋,王桂忠…//极地研究一2003,15(2)一102一113 总结了国际上对南极冰藻类群及其生理生悉特性的多年研究成果,结合我国科学家在南极长城站以及在戴维斯和中山站的越冬研究,阐述了南极海冰区的冰裁类群及其形成机理,对冰漆的形成、存活、旺发和消亡过程进行讨论,并对大洋浮冰次和近岸面定冰区冰藻奥群的生态特性进行对比,提出了今后有待进一步深人研究的领城.图1参94 Be冰川巧34 .63、么叹娜031876第… 相似文献
11.
ZHAO Jingbo 《地理学报》2005,15(4):475-483
On the basis of the geomorphology, paleosol, paleoclimate and loess age, major changes of the Loess Plateau were studied. There are five major changes in the evolution of the Loess Plateau in China. Among them, the first, second, third and fourth major changes have taken place since the formation of the Loess Plateau, and the fifth major change will happen in 100 years. The first major change, which occurred at about 2.50 Ma BP, was a transition from red earth plateau to the Loess Plateau, and reflects the climate from the warm-sub-humid to the alteration between cold-and-dry and warm-and-humid. The driving force of this first major change was climate. The second major change, which took place at about 1.60 Ma BP, was a vital transition of the main rivers in this area from non-existence to existence, and represented an important change on the Loess Plateau's neotectonic uplift from the slow rising to periodically accelerated rising, and making the river's erosion go from feeble to strong. The driving force of the second major change is tectonic uplift. The third major change which occurred at about 150 ka, was a great transition of the Yellow River's inpouring from a lake outlet to a sea outlet. At that time, the Yellow River cut the Sanmen Gorge. The transition led to the transformation of loess material from internal transportation to external transportation. The driving force of the third major change was running water erosion. The fourth one that occurred at about 1.1 ka was a change of the Loess Plateau from natural erosion to erosion accelerated by human influences. The driving force of the fourth major change is mainly human activities. The fifth major change, which is the opposite change to the fourth one, in which the motive power is human activity, too. 相似文献
12.
黄土高原的形成与发展 总被引：19，自引：9，他引：10
根据黄土高原古地理及气候演变、黄土地层年代学和侵蚀期与堆积期的资料分析,得出黄土高原出现之前为红土高原,气候以温暖半湿润弱波动为特征,250×104 a来的黄土高原可分3个阶段。第一阶段出现在250×104~140×104 a之间,为高原内部弱侵蚀循环期,气候冷暖振动幅度较小。第二阶段出现在140×104~0.4×104 a之间,侵蚀动力加强,为高原自然侵蚀加强时期,气候冷暖振动幅度较大;第三阶段出现在4000 a以来,为高原异常加速侵蚀外流期。未来200 a黄土高原有向冷干发展的表现,这对黄土高原的治理是不利的,但不会发生大的自然变化。通过人类活动的积极作用,黄土高原的加速侵蚀向自然侵蚀或小于自然侵蚀的变化将会发生。可以预测,未来200 a的黄土高原仍是适于人类生存的好地方。 相似文献
13.
根据黄土高原地区黄河阶地的形态特征和成因分析,认为其形成主要是地面抬升所致并且在黄河达到均衡状态下形成,可以推断黄土高原的地面抬升。根据对黄土高原地区黄河0.8 Ma阶地的研究并结合相关文献资料,选取兰州段、黑山峡段、晋陕峡谷段和三门峡段作为典型研究区域,得出黄土高原0.8 Ma以来的地面抬升存在显著的时空特征,即空间特征表现为地面抬升量有西大东小的规律,时间特征表现为地面抬升速率有后期加速趋势、特别是晚更新世以来。并认为黄土高原0.8 Ma以来的地面抬升与青藏高原的构造抬升有成因上的联系。 相似文献
14.
南京下蜀黄土红外释光地层年代学 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
下蜀黄土地层年代学对于理解季风环流时空格局演化及其与青藏高原阶段性隆升的关系十分重要。作者基于下蜀黄土红外释光测年和下蜀黄土及黄土高原洛川;剖面磁化率序列的对比分析,认为下蜀黄土第一层黄土层形成于末次冰期,最底部的黄土层与洛川的 L5相当。因而下蜀黄土应相当于黄土高原LS以来的风成堆积,其底界年代约为 500 ka。也就是说,在 500 ka左右黄土堆积的南界已达长江下游地区。这可能是因为其时青藏高原的隆升已到达一特殊高度,对东亚季风演化的影响成为一个转折点,加强了东亚季风的强度。 相似文献
15.
淮河上游全新世风成黄土-土壤物质来源研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
通过对淮河上游地区河南新郑全新世黄土—古土壤剖面磁化率和粒度的测量分析，揭示了淮河上游地区沙质黄土和古土壤的物质来源。该区黄土—古土壤磁化率明显低于黄土高原区，而粒度明显比黄土高原区粗，属于沙质黄土。通过两地区粒度分布的对比，揭示了它们有不同的粉尘源区，分属于不同的风成系统。淮河上游地区黄土是近源风尘沉积物，粉尘主要来源于孟津以东黄河冲积、洪积扇的松散河流沉积粉沙，实质是黄土高原水土流失的产物。黄河的频繁决口、改道、泛滥沉积为其提供了丰富的物源，其粗颗粒粉尘产生和搬运堆积的动力是东北风。淮河上游地区全新世早期粉尘是近源粗颗粒堆积，堆积速率可达18．6cm／ka，是黄土高原南部地区的2．3倍。 相似文献
16.
16 ka以来黄土高原东亚夏季风变化的环境磁学记录 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
末次冰消期以来的气候变化是第四纪古气候研究的重要内容。本文对黄土高原西部和平镇剖面16 ka以来的黄土沉积序列（厚度为3.5 m）进行了高分辨率环境磁学研究。结果表明：该黄土序列的磁性颗粒主要由细颗粒磁铁矿主导。其磁化率和频率磁化率具有相同的变化特征,与黄土高原中部和东部的黄土磁化率变化机制一致,即黄土高原西部和平镇黄土的磁化率和频率磁化率仍然受成土作用形成的细颗粒磁铁矿控制,因此其磁化率和频率磁化率仍然可以反映季风降雨的变化特征,并且其反映的16 ka以来季风降雨变化与南方石笋氧同位素记录的季风变化特征一致。通过详细的海陆综合对比,本文认为16 ka至11 ka间东亚季风降雨的变化受到北半球太阳辐射和北半球区域温度的共同影响,而11 ka之后的夏季风降雨减少主要受太阳辐射降低的影响。 相似文献
17.
黄河中游土壤侵蚀与下游古河道三角洲演化的过程响应 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：10
根据黄土高原土壤侵蚀的周期特点，结合华北平原古河道，古三角洲的演化过程，应用泥沙输移的过程响应,分析了晚更新世以来黄河中游黄土高原土壤侵蚀与下游古河道，三角洲演化的关系，在人类历史之前，黄土高原土壤侵蚀基本上遵循自在生态环境演化规律，强裂侵蚀期发生在干冷向湿湿气候转化的过渡期，在强裂侵蚀的初期是古道形成期，强烈侵蚀期发生在干冷向温湿气候转化的过渡期，在强裂侵蚀的期是古河道形成期，强烈侵蚀的外营力迭加了人为作用，黄河下游河游泳以改道，三角洲横向扩展发生在强烈侵蚀的衰退期，人类历史时期，土壤侵蚀的外营力迭加了人为作用，破坏了地质历史时期的规律性，土壤侵蚀强度越来越强，基本上按照旱涝变化频率而演化，干冷期降雨不均匀系数增加，土训侵蚀加重，径流量较少，河床以淤积为主，是古河道形成期，正常年黄河泥少输移比接近于一，是三角洲进积期，温湿期降雨量增加，径流量加大，下游河流改道，三角洲横向发展。 相似文献
18.
An early Holocene erosion phase on the loess tablelands in the southern Loess Plateau of China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A Holocene loess profile to the west of Xi'an China was studied multi-disciplinarily to investigate the relationships between soil erosion and monsoonal climatic change. The proxy data obtained from this aeolian loess and palaeosol sequence indicate large-scale variations of climate in the southern Loess Plateau since the last glaciation. A rainwash bed, indicative of a wetter climate, excessive runoff and erosion on the loess tablelands, was identified relating to the early Holocene before the onset of the “climatic optimum”. This is synchronous with the early Holocene physiographic erosional stage identified in the valleys in North China. It means that severe erosion took place when the region was undergoing climatic amelioration during the early Holocene. The evidence presented in this paper shows that the erosion occurred as a regional response to a monsoonal climatic shift in the southern Loess Plateau. During the last glaciation, prior to the erosion phase, the land surface on the tablelands had been largely stable except for the rapid accumulation of aeolian dust and the resultant increase in its elevation. Relatively slow dust accumulation and intensive bio-pedogenesis responding to the Holocene “climatic optimum” followed the erosion phase. The loess tablelands were most vulnerable to erosion during the large-scale monsoonal climatic shift from dry-cold glacial to humid-warm post-glacial conditions in the southern Loess Plateau. 相似文献
19.
深海氧同位素第三阶段（MIS3）是末次冰期中的一段特殊时期,通过对会宁黄土剖面粒度变化特征的研究分析恢复重建了会宁MIS3阶段古气候。会宁剖面记录了较明显的5次降温事件——Heinrich事件（H2：23.22～23.51 ka,H3：30.52～31.19 ka,H4：38.3～39.93 ka,H5：43.67～44.82 ka,H6：63.54～64.41 ka）,其中的MIS3阶段根据粒度特征分为3 a（46.36～55.48 ka）较为温湿,3b（30.04～46.36 ka）干冷,3c（24.47～30.04 ka）温湿三个阶段,具明显的D-O旋回。 相似文献
20.
黄土高原侵蚀期研究 总被引：22，自引：12，他引：10
黄土高原在沉积的同时也存在着侵蚀,主要是流水、重力等因素造成的。这种侵蚀会受到气候、构造运动以及人类活动控制。资料显示,黄土高原存在3种基本的侵蚀期,一是气候侵蚀期,二是构造侵蚀期,三是人为因素侵蚀期。此外还有气候与构造共同作用产生的侵蚀期和构造与人类共同作用产生的侵蚀期。温湿期风尘堆积少,降水量增多,流水动力增强,是黄土高原理论上的侵蚀期。构造抬升引起侵蚀基准面下降,进而导致黄土高原加快侵蚀,出现构造侵蚀期。人类活动破坏了黄土高原的植被和土层结构,导致黄土高原侵蚀加剧,从而出现了人类因素引起的现代侵蚀加速期。在黄土发育的冷干期,由于植被稀疏,侵蚀量大于温湿期,但堆积量远大于侵蚀量。要改变现代侵蚀状况,就应当加强黄土高原生态环境治理。 相似文献