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上海市区浅层土粘土矿物、微结构与地面沉降 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文从微观角度出发,以X—光衍射为主,配合差热、红外光谱、透射电镜和扫描电镜手段,对上海市区浅层粘性土进行了岩矿鉴定和微结构分析,探讨了粘土矿物、微结构与地面沉降的关系。 相似文献
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粘土矿物的X射线衍射物相分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
文章总结了粘土矿物的Ｘ射线衍射物相分析经验。阐述粘土矿物的分析条件，制样方法和衍射图解释等特点。研究重系定量分析方法，总结出几种常见的粘土矿物的权重系数。讨论了放物高温衍射分析问题。 相似文献
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有机质、粘土矿物吸附和释放金的实验研究表明：有机质对金的吸附量是粘土矿物的６．８９倍，粘土矿物的混入降低了有机质对金的吸附和释放能力，在低于３００℃的加热条件下，有机质及粘土矿物释放金的能力较低。由实验结果理论推算出太阳顶群的板岩所提供的金量对拉尔玛金矿床的形成是微不足道的，不是该矿床的主要矿源层。 相似文献
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稠油热采过程储层中粘土矿物转化研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述了稠油热采过程高温高压条件下水-岩反应的3种研究方法,即岩心分析法、实验室模拟法以及流体化学成分研究法;不同温度条件下储层粘土矿物的转化过程及途径不同,即在注汽井井眼附近储层中粘土矿物向膨胀性蒙皂石转化,在远离井眼地区储层中粘土矿物向其它类型矿物发生转化;以及粘土矿物发生转化的2种结构模式-溶解、沉淀型模式和继承型模式。最后探讨了高温高压条件下粘土矿物发生转化的影响因素。改变这些影响因素可使粘土矿物向着将储层伤害降低至最小的方向发生转化,有利于稠油储层保护和提高热采效率。 相似文献
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西北中生代煤系粘土矿物与煤变质关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
该文从粘土矿物组合、电子显微形态和结晶度等矿物学特征来探讨西北地区中生代煤系粘土矿物与煤变质的关系。研究发现：高变质煤的煤系中的粘土矿物特征明显区别于低变质煤煤系，前者以伊利石占绝对优势，并有迪开石、绿泥石、坡缕石等后生热变矿物伴生。伊利石形态以尖用直边状薄片为主，结晶度较高；后者多数以高岭石为主，其它粘土矿物含量不定，单矿物呈碎屑沉积形态或转变过渡形态。因此，作者认为，低变质煤煤系中的粘土矿物特征主要是沉积环境的反映，高变质煤系中的粘土矿物特征则能反映煤变质条件。粘土矿物的后生变化与煤变质程度是同一成煤作用下的产物，二者互为补证。 相似文献
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粘土矿物以其特殊的性质，在层间渗入成矿作用中吸附、迁移和富集铀元素。在这一成矿过程中，粘土矿物同时也发生着次生演化。层间渗入流体的性质决定了后生铀矿化的富集程度及次生粘土矿物的类型。不同的次生粘土矿物组合可能预示着后生铀矿床不同的规模。 相似文献
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The effect of stratigraphic heterogeneity on areal distribution of land subsidence at Taiyuan, northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Taiyuan city has experienced serious land subsidence since the 1950s, with the maximum accumulated subsidence of 2,960 mm and a total affected area of 585 km2 by 2003. Tectonic settlement was found to contribute about 1% and the major cause is over-exploitation of groundwater. The spatial–temporal relationship between the areal distribution of land subsidence and that of groundwater drawdown from 1956 to 2000 indicates that although land subsidence centers overall match groundwater depression cones, there are local deviations, and that although the time series curves are similar, land subsidence always lags behind groundwater level decline, with different lag time at different sites. The major findings of this work on the control of stratigraphic heterogeneity on the spatial pattern of land subsidence at Taiyuan include: (1) land subsidence centers shift from the corresponding groundwater depression cones to the sides with thicker accumulated clay layers; (2) under the same pumping rate, land subsidence at places with more clay interlayers and thinner individual interlayers is greater and the lag time shorter; and (3) land subsidence is closely related to the physical properties of clay soils. The Interbed Storage Package-1, a modular subroutine of MODFLOW was employed to simulate the areal distribution of individual layer compression. The modeling results show that compression of different clay layers has different contribution to land subsidence. Pumping groundwater from water-bearing zones close to the most compressible clay layers should therefore be carefully controlled. 相似文献
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沧州市地面沉降研究及防治对策 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
河北省沧州市发生了严重的地面沉降，至2001年的30年间，沧州市沉降中心的地面沉降量已超过2m，导致了城市内涝积水，河床下沉，影响南水北调等引水工程安全。经研究提出了地下水等液体资源的过量开采是诱发地面沉降的主要原因，而厚大的粘性土层为地面沉降的发生提供了物质基础。粘性土的释水压缩的永久性决定了地面沉降的不可逆性。通过不同时期沧州市地面沉降累计沉降量和地下水位降深的相关分析，建立了二者之间的相关公式，提出了警戒水位降深(临界)值(40m)和限制降深(止采)值(70m)，并进行了地面沉降发展趋势预测。文中提出以调控地下水位为主，避让和工程措施相结合的防治对策，以期对沧州市地面沉降防灾减灾工作有所促进和帮助。 相似文献
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Estimation of land subsidence caused by loss of smectite-interlayer water in shallow aquifer systems
Traditionally, land subsidence that results from groundwater over-pumping has often been described by the theory of consolidation. The mechanism of land subsidence due to the dehydration of clay minerals is not well addressed. A model of the “hydration state of smectite”, and a “solid solution model of smectite dehydration”, incorporating a thermodynamic solid solution model and laboratory results concerning clay-water systems of swelling pressure, hydration state and basal spacing in smectite interlayer, are employed to examine the effect of the release of water from the smectite interlayer on land subsidence in the coastal area of the Chou-Shui River alluvial fan and the Yun Lin offshore industrial infrastructure complex in Taiwan. The results indicate that 9.56–22.80% of the total cumulative land subsidence to a depth of 300 m is consistent with smectite dehydration following the over-pumping of groundwater. This dehydration-related land subsidence occurred to a depth of 0–60 m, with subsidence due to smectite dehydration accounting for 6.20–13.32% of the primary consolidation. Additionally, the total amount of subsidence resulting from both smectite dehydration and primary consolidation is consistent with the subsidence observed in the field. This study reveals that smectite dehydration appears to be important in assessing and predicting land subsidence in shallow aquifer systems. 相似文献
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The effect of clay dehydration on land subsidence in the Yun-Lin coastal area, Taiwan 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
The smectite dehydration theory developed by Ransom and Helgeson was applied for simulation of land subsidence in the Yun-Lin
coastal area, Taiwan. The volumetric reduction of smectite clay at equilibrium state was computed by assuming that the dehydration
of interlayer water in smectite clay can be described with a regular solid solution reaction. By using the in situ stratigraphic
data collected from the subsidence monitoring wells in the simulated area, the amounts of land subsidence caused by smectite
dehydration in three scenarios with pressure variation were calculated. The results indicate that significant amounts of land
subsidence can be attributed to smectite dehydration. This finding reveals that smectite dehydration is of importance for
assessment and prediction of land subsidence. Additionally, the results also indicate the overburden weight has a larger effect
on clay dehydration than the effective stress change resulting from over-pumping, although both of them induce relatively
minor variations on land subsidence.
Received: 23 February 2000 · Accepted: 23 March 2000 相似文献
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Threat of land subsidence in and around Kolkata City and East Kolkata Wetlands,West Bengal,India 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper attempts to estimate the possible rate of land subsidence of Kolkata City including Salt Lake City and the adjoining
East Kolkata Wetlands located at the lower part of the deltaic alluvial plain of South Bengal basin. Demand of groundwater
for drinking, agricultural and industrial purposes has increased due to rapid urbanization. The subsurface geology consists
of Quaternary sediments comprising a succession of clay, silty clay and sand of various grades. Groundwater occurs mostly
under confined condition except in those places where the top aquitard has been obliterated due to the scouring action of
past channels. Currently, the piezometric head shows a falling trend and it may be accelerated due to further over-withdrawal
of groundwater resulting in land subsidence. The estimated mean land subsidence rate is 13.53 mm/year and for 1 m drop in
the piezometric head, the mean subsidence is 3.28 cm. The surface expression of the estimated land subsidence is however,
cryptic because of a time lag between the settlement of the thick low-permeable aquitard at the top and its surface expression.
Therefore, groundwater of the cities and wetland areas should be developed cautiously based on the groundwater potential to
minimize the threat of land subsidence. 相似文献
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太原市地层空间异质性对地面沉降分布的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对比1956～2000年太原市地下水位与地面沉降资料发现,该区地面沉降漏斗与地下水位降落漏斗的空间分布基本相近,但不完全吻合,局部地区存在偏移。通过对黏性土层累计厚度分布、黏性土层与粗颗粒土层的组合特征、不同分区各深度处土的力学特征值与上述偏移的对比分析,认为太原市地层的空间异质性对地面沉降分布有如下影响：（1）与地下水位降落漏斗相比,地面沉降漏斗偏向于黏性土层较厚的一侧;（2）地层组合（黏性土的夹层数、单层厚度等）对地面沉降的空间分布影响较大,沉降多发生在黏性土夹层多、单层厚度较小的地区;（3）土的力学性质的差异是影响沉降分布的重要因素。 相似文献
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沿海地区地面沉降的地质分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着世界经济的发展、人口的膨胀以及城市化进程的加快,环境对人类的生产生活的制约性也日益加强,发生在新生代沉积软粘土地层上的地面高程损失（主要由地面沉降造成）成为世界性关注的重大环境问题之一。软粘土地层的地面沉降包括自然沉降和人为沉降两方面。因此,土力学者和地质学家从工程学界和地质-沉积两个不同的方面对地面沉降机制进行了研究,并且以对前者的关注为主。工程土力学中沉降的是由软粘土的固结压缩导致的。本文结合地质因素对发生在软粘土地层上的地面沉降问题进行了分析。 相似文献
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为了准确分析建筑荷载和地下水开采对地面沉降的影响,为吴江盛泽地区科学防控地面沉降提供决策依据,基于比奥固结和地下水渗流理论,建立了建筑荷载和地下水开采与地面沉降三维全耦合有限元数值模型,分别模拟预测了在建筑荷载单独作用、地下水开采单独作用及建筑荷载和地下水开采叠加作用三种情况下,2015-09-01—2030-08-31盛泽地区逐年地面沉降变化趋势。结果表明,建筑荷载对盛泽地区地面沉降的影响大于地下水开采。第Ⅰ黏性土弱含水层和第I承压含水层分别为建筑荷载和地下水开采单独作用下的主压缩层,单层压缩量占比分别为43.04%和54.06%;第Ⅰ承压含水层及其上覆第Ⅰ黏性土弱含水层是二者叠加作用引发土体变形的主压缩层,其压缩量之和占总压缩量的71.30%。建筑荷载和地下水开采单独作用下引发的地面沉降量的线性叠加之和大于二者叠加作用下引发的地面沉降量,建筑荷载和地下水开采叠加作用引发的地面沉降具有耦合效应。 相似文献