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若尔盖铀矿田是中国重要的碳硅泥岩型铀矿产地,位于南秦岭铀成矿带西段。矿床群产于下志留统羊肠沟组、塔尔组和拉垅组一套浅变质硅-灰岩系中,并严格受岩性、构造和地球化学环境控制。本文在前人勘查和研究工作的基础上分析了矿田铀矿地质特征、成矿地质条件、成矿机理和铀资源前景,并重点对铀矿石的常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、铀-钍配分和矿物硫、氢、氧同位素特征进行了研究。初步认为:与铀矿化密切相关的硅质岩生成于热水沉积环境,成矿早期的沉积、变质作用形成了相对广泛的初始铀富集,成矿中、晚期在特定的物理-化学环境下,以大气降水为主源的中低温成矿流体对围岩和初始铀富集体进行了强烈改造,最终形成了以热液改造型为主的工业铀矿化。成矿物质主要来自围岩和初始铀富集体,而部分壳幔含矿物质的介入和岩浆岩的热贡献对铀的后期富集成矿及加大成矿深度起到一定作用。矿田U-Pb同位素年龄测定结果具有多达近10组的铀成矿期,从而增加了矿田的铀成矿几率和铀矿的富集程度。资料分析显示,虽然该区资源/储量规模已达大型铀矿勘查基地条件,但其资源前景和发展潜力远未查明,建议应适时开展系统勘查,以最大限度地开发其资源潜力。 相似文献
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南秦岭铀成矿带含铀层位主要是志留系迭部群、舟曲群、白龙江群,总体为一套海相碳硅泥岩建造。主要岩性为灰岩、炭质板岩、炭硅质板岩、硅质岩、硅灰岩,总厚5000—9000m。铀矿床（点）矿化类型以层控热水改造碳硅泥岩型为主,次为层控炭硅泥岩型。铀成矿以燕山晚期-喜山期为主。铀矿化在空间上可划分为迭部、舟曲-武都、文县-康县矿化集中区。铀矿体的空间展布具有分段集中,成群集结的特点。含铀层位分布广,厚度大,铀源丰富,铀矿床（点）带多且工作程度低,找矿前景好。 相似文献
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诸广山中部是华南主要产铀地区之一,以鹿井矿田为研究对象,开展构造变形特征和构造控矿规律的研究,旨在揭示矿体产出规律,为找矿预测提供依据。本文基于野外详细观测和显微构造变形分析,揭示NE向断裂是鹿井地区主要控矿和含矿断裂,属浅层次构造变形,具有多期构造-热液活动特征:经历了早期(晚侏罗世—早白垩世)的压性、中期(早白垩世—古近纪)的张-张扭性和晚期(新近纪)的右行压扭性变形过程。铀矿(化)体主要发育在NE向断裂破碎带中,结合铀成矿时代,主成矿期断裂力学性质表现为张性、张扭性,后期NE向断裂右行压扭变形派生出近EW向、NW向和NS(NNE)向的剪裂隙,一方面对先成铀矿体具有改造作用,另一方面富集部分铀矿体。根据构造组合特征及其控矿规律,认为NE向断裂破碎带中,沿走向存在不连续的脉状、透镜状富铀矿体,而在其他方位的断裂带中可能存在部分铀矿体。 相似文献
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五十家子火山盆地铀成矿地质条件优越,地表已发现大量蚀变裂隙带型铀矿化及异常点,为查明控矿断裂沿走向、倾向延伸变化情况及深部铀矿体有利富集部位,便于开展深部勘查工作。因此在研究区铀矿化密集部位开展了氡气及可控源大地电磁测深联合探测工作方法,大致查明了研究区主控矿断裂构造特征,并预测6处铀成矿有利部位,其中2处铀成矿有利部位经钻探查证,发现较好的工业铀矿体。表明氡气与可控源大地电磁测深联合探测寻找隐伏断裂和盲矿体效果显著,适用于控矿因素以断裂构造为主的铀矿勘查找矿工作,为今后铀矿找矿工作提供思路及方向,以期扩大铀矿找矿成果。 相似文献
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鹅公山火山盆地位于赣杭铀成矿带中段,已探明林家、双头埠、新安埠3个铀矿床及众多铀矿(化)点。文章对盆地内铀矿控矿因素进行分析,认为铀矿化受地层、构造、次火山岩、中基性脉岩等联合控制。上侏罗统和下白垩统火山-沉积岩及下二叠统安洲组、栖霞组灰岩是主要的赋矿岩层;基底近EW向、NE向断裂是导矿构造,铀矿床定位于两者的复合部位;NW向断裂、推(滑)覆断裂、层间破碎带是主要的含矿构造,也是流体中成矿物质沉淀富集的有利场所。盆地东部以NW向断裂控矿为主,西部以推(滑)覆断裂为主;次火山岩及中基性脉岩的侵位不仅为铀成矿提供了热源和流体来源,还提供了有利的矿化剂、还原剂。综合分析认为:盆地东部以NW向断裂及中基性脉岩为主要找矿线索,西部则以推(滑)覆断裂为主要找矿方向。 相似文献
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西秦岭南亚带的若尔盖碳硅泥岩型铀矿床是中国重要的十大铀资源基地之一,但是在加大找矿深度、扩大资源量以及矿床成因等方面仍然存在一系列的问题。通过多年的详实野外勘查和研究,总结出了若尔盖地区硅泥岩型铀矿的矿体形态、产出特征及空间分布规律,即矿床主要产于下志留统一套浅变质硅质岩、灰岩、板岩层中,矿体形态呈似层状、透镜状、扁豆状,矿体严格受岩性、构造、硅灰岩组合体3要素控制; 提出了“断裂构造-硅灰岩组合体-岩性界面”3要素组合控矿的成矿规律,以及“组合成矿”和“深源流体”对若尔盖铀成矿起主导作用的新认识。 相似文献
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目前,沙特阿拉伯西北部Jabal Twalah地区铀钍资源勘查程度较低,对该地区的铀成矿机制研究相对薄弱.本文主要对该地区新发现的伟晶岩型和花岗岩热液型铀矿化带的矿化特征和成矿机制开展研究.区内与铀钍矿化相关的伟晶岩和围岩花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为638.6±3.2 Ma和632.5±1.5 Ma,两者时代基本一致.综合岩相学、地球化学以及扫描电镜能谱分析等研究结果,发现矿化伟晶岩强烈富集U、Th、稀土及稀有金属元素,复杂的高温蚀变矿物组合特征暗示可能经历了岩浆期后热液的改造,改造前后矿化伟晶岩中的铀和钍未发生分离,以副矿物形式存在而无独立铀矿物,具岩浆矿物组合的特征,如金红石、锆石、氟碳铈矿、磷钇矿、钍石等.花岗岩热液型单铀矿化带的地表样品中铀矿物主要为硅铅铀矿和硅钙铀矿,脉石矿物主要为赤铁矿、萤石、石英以及少量方解石,铀矿化受控于高铀含量的碱性花岗岩、强烈硅化构造破碎带以及晚期酸性基性脉岩活动等因素.强烈硅化的构造破碎带及其转折部位或者与脉岩交汇部位是今后重要的找矿方向. 相似文献
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铀矿物是铀矿床勘探与选冶的重要研究对象。相山铀矿田是我国最大的火山岩型铀-多金属矿田,主要发育有早期碱交代和晚期酸交代两期铀矿化,但目前对这两期铀矿化中铀矿物的地球化学特征尚缺乏系统的对比研究。文章运用电子探针和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱对相山铀矿田两期铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素特征进行研究。结果显示,相山铀矿田碱交代和酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物类型均包含钛铀矿、铀石和沥青铀矿,碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以钛铀矿、铀石为主,酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物以沥青铀矿为主。碱交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为右倾型,富集La、Ce和Nd等元素;酸交代型铀矿化矿石中铀矿物稀土元素配分模式为左倾型,富集Yb、Er和Dy等元素。酸交代型铀矿化矿石中沥青铀矿相对富集重稀土元素,与国内外其他类型的铀矿床相比其成矿过程有明显特殊性,这可能与成矿流体富F-有关;深部沥青铀矿较浅部富集重稀土元素的原因可能是深部沥青铀矿结晶温度高于浅部;相对于铀石和钛铀矿等铀矿物,重稀土富集对沥青铀矿有倾向性可能是因为沥青铀矿形成的过程与CO32-和Cl-关系密切。 相似文献
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云南牟定戌街1101铀矿区位于扬子地台西南缘,康滇地轴中南段,是我国西南地区产于元古界变质岩中的铀矿之一。通过对矿化区岩石及矿石的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学及年代学特征进行研究,分析了铀矿的形成条件,揭示了铀成矿规律。研究发现:①牟定戌街地区铀矿化赋存于斜长角闪岩、角闪斜长片麻岩和二云母石英片岩等变质混合岩中,主要铀矿物为晶质铀矿、钛铀矿及次生铀矿,含铀矿物有榍石、锆石,硫化物丰富,围岩蚀变主要为硅化、赤铁矿化、碱交代等;②牟定1101铀矿化地区混合岩化岩石的地球化学特征表现为高钾钙碱性-钙碱性系列岩石;③研究区混合岩形成于1 056 Ma左右,铀矿形成于845 Ma左右,为新元古代产物;④牟定1101地区铀成矿受构造、岩性控制,与混合岩化作用、构造热液活动及碱交代作用关系密切,属热液成因铀矿。 相似文献
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2003年在广东大亚湾西北部新发现了一处火山岩型铀矿点,经刻槽取样分析,铀矿石品位高达0.459%。该处铀矿物成份主要是沥青铀矿和次生铀矿物,前者 UO_2最高为94%,Al_2O_3<1%,P_2O_5含量变化大,按照 P_2O_5含量可分两组,其一变化于2.23%～2.57%,另一组变化于17.96%～19.95%;次生铀矿物含 UO_3大约为60%左右,Al_2O_3在1.6%～3.0%之间,P_2O_5变化于10%～15%。对含矿岩石及围岩进行了岩石学和地球化学研究,结果表明,出露的岩石主要为流纹质岩石,与著名的相山矿田的岩石类型相似。岩石具有高的 LREE/HREE 值,Eu 负异常并不普遍。从主、微量元素及稀土元素特征来看,含矿岩石及围岩差别不大,总特征与一般的钙碱性火山岩相似。新发现的铀矿化带范围虽然不大,但含矿岩石铀品位高,所处构造环境与相山铀矿田的某些矿床有一定的相似性,是值得注意和进一步工作的地区。 相似文献
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Uranium is significantly enriched (up to two orders of magnitude) in the Danish Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary beds relative to the underand overlaying sediments. Both the predominant oxic and some anoxic deposits have a high uranium content. To investigate the geochemical behaviour of the element, a series of sections was analysed for uranium by means of the delayed-neutron counting technique. Uranium contents in the carbonate rocks from different parts of the Danish Sub-basin are generally low but show slight regional trends. Experiments that involve cold acid extractions suggest that uranium is associated with the non-carbonate residues. The uranium distribution with depth in the offshore drill core from the Central Graben area (North Sea) suggests that the element is associated with clay in the Danian part. Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary beds from Stevns Klint and other localities in the Danish sub-basin have anomalously high uranium contents compared with the values for chalk. Uranium is not correlated with iron, non-carbonate carbon or aluminium. The highest uranium values within boundary sections are not found in the lower part of the sections as is the case for iridium. The only boundary beds that show typical anoxic depositional affinity have a total uranium accumulation that is one order of magnitude lower than that found in the oxic sections. High amounts of uranium within Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary beds are suggested to be related to diagenetic processes such as compaction and dehydration. Uranium is thought not to cause the extinctions at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary because of the relatively low contents found at the actual extinction level. 相似文献
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Uranium analyses by the fission-track method on eudialytes from the undersaturated rocks of the Ilímaussaq intrusion demonstrate that uranium enters eudialyte in isomorphous substitution. The content of uranium in the eudialytes varies with the crystallization of the magma in two ways.In the downwards-crystallizing roof rocks, eudialyte is interstitial and the content of uranium in eudialyte decreases with proceeding crystallization, whereas in the bottom rocks, formed by upwards accumulation of liquidus minerals including eudialyte, the uranium content in eudialyte increases with crystallization. The reason for the abnormal trend in the roof rocks is discussed and compared with similar trends elsewhere. 相似文献
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众所周知,铁镁质类岩石—绿岩系、中基性岩浆岩等,是最重要的含金源岩;酸性岩(包括酸性岩浆岩和沉积—变质岩等)是最重要的含铀源岩。成矿元素的予富集作用是形成矿床的重要条件。予富集作用又可分为地层、岩体和蚀变予富集。利用金、铀的不同特征,对金的找矿评价具有一定作用。 相似文献
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四川会理芭蕉箐地区位于上扬子成矿省西南缘,康滇地轴中段东部,是我国少有的元古宙铀矿区,其中1841铀矿点是本区最主要的铀矿点,区内地质条件复杂,研究程度较低。文章在前人研究基础上,通过对芭蕉箐地区1841铀矿点矿石的岩石学、矿物学、地球化学特征进行研究,取得了以下认识:铀矿化产出于构造与岩脉接触的构造蚀变带中,与断层和中基性岩浆岩脉关系密切;含矿岩系为中元古代的浅变质沉积岩及中基性岩脉,强烈亏损大离子亲石元素、富集高场强元素;铀矿物以团块状、脉状、网脉状的沥青铀矿、次生铀矿的形式产出于岩石碎裂带中;研究区岩石的U、Th含量明显高于其本底值,为铀矿化的形成提供了充足的铀源;研究区普遍发育的退变质作用与后期的碱交代促进了铀的富集。铀矿化具有明显的构造-热液叠加改造的特征,属于热液成因铀矿。 相似文献
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热液型铀矿空间定位的控制因素 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对华南热液型铀矿与区域断裂构造、区域岩浆岩的时空关系、成因联系进行综合分析,笔者认为,中新生代断陷红色碎屑沉积盆地(简称断陷红盆)的控盆深源断裂构造、多期多阶段富铀岩浆活动中心联合控制了铀矿田的空间定位。铀成矿与晚白垩世区域拉张作用时间相耦合,区域铀成矿作用主要发生在晚白垩世,与导致断陷红盆形成的控盆深源断裂构造关系密切,控盆深源断裂构造为铀矿区域控矿构造。铀成矿与中生代多期富铀岩浆岩(火山岩和花岗岩)关系密切,富铀岩浆活动中心指示深部地壳存在铀的高场;来源于地幔的流体交代富铀地壳及岩浆岩,形成铀成矿流体,而富铀岩浆岩则成为热液型铀矿的主要围岩。 相似文献
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伊犁盆地砂岩型铀成矿同位素地质特征 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
本对伊犁盆地可地浸砂岩型铀矿及其蚀源区进行了同位素地质特征研究，结果表明：伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿具有多时期成矿的特点，其成矿年龄分别为82.4,60,11.4,7.1,3.5Ma，而主要成矿期集中在第三纪的中、上新世。伊犁盆地南侧蚀源区发育有以海西期为主的花岗岩和火山岩，前为293－316Ma，后为235－259Ma，从含矿砂体精选出的锆石，其U－Pb同位素年龄为308Ma，与蚀源区花岗岩，火山岩的时代一致，从而肯定了含矿砂体的物质来源，此外，通过对含矿砂体和蚀源区岩石U-Pb同位素体系演化特征的研究，指伊犁盆地砂岩型铀矿具有多铀源富集的特点，这些铀源分别是：地层沉积时形成的富铀砂体（主要的）和富铀的蚀源区岩石的近代风化淋滤释出的铀。 相似文献
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The behavior of uranium during interaction of subsurface water with crystalline rocks and uranium ores is considered in connection with the problem of safe underground insulation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Since subsurface water interacts with crystalline rocks formed at a high temperature, the mineral composition of these rocks and uranium species therein are thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, reactions directed toward the establishment of equilibrium proceed in the water-rock system. At great depths that are characterized by hindered water exchange, where subsurface water acquires near-neutral and reducing properties, the interaction is extremely sluggish and is expressed in the formation of micro- and nanoparticles of secondary minerals. Under such conditions, the slow diffusion redistribution of uranium with enrichment in absorbed forms relative to all other uranium species is realized as well. The products of secondary alteration of Fe- and Ti-bearing minerals serve as the main sorbents of uranium. The rate of alteration of minerals and conversion of uranium species into absorbed forms is slow, and the results of these processes are insignificant, so that the rocks and uranium species therein may be regarded as unaltered. Under reducing conditions, subsurface water is always saturated with uranium. Whether water interacts with rock or uranium ore, the equilibrium uranium concentration in water is only ≤10?8 mol/l. Uraninite ore under such conditions always remains stable irrespective of its age. The stability conditions of uranium ore are quite suitable for safe insulation of SNF, which consists of 95% uraninite (UO2) and is a confinement matrix for all other radionuclides. The disposal of SNF in massifs of crystalline rocks at depths below 500 m, where reducing conditions are predominant, is a reliable guarantee of high SNF stability. Under oxidizing conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone, the rate of interaction of rocks with subsurface water increases by orders of magnitude and subsurface water is commonly undersaturated with uranium. Uranium absorbed by secondary minerals, particularly by iron hydroxides and leucoxene, is its single stable species under oxidizing conditions. The impact of oxygen-bearing water leads to destruction of uranium ore. This process is realized simultaneously at different hypsometric levels even if the permeability of the medium is variable in both the lateral and vertical directions. As a result, intervals containing uranyl minerals and relics of primary uranium ore are combined in ore-bearing zones with intervals of completely dissolved uranium minerals. A wide halo of elevated uranium contents caused by sorption is always retained at the location of uranium ore entirely destroyed by weathering. Uranium ore commonly finds itself in the aeration zone due to technogenic subsidence of the groundwater table caused by open-pit mining or pumping out of water from underground mines. The capillary and film waters that interact with rocks and ores in this zone are supplemented by free water filtering along fractures when rain falls or snow is thawing. The interaction of uranium ore with capillary water results in oxidation of uraninite, accompanied by loosening of the mineral surface, formation of microfractures, and an increase in solubility with enrichment of capillary water in uranium up to 10?4 mol/l. Secondary U(VI) minerals, first of all, uranyl hydroxides and silicates, replace uraninite, and uranium undergoes local diffusion redistribution with its sorption by secondary minerals of host rocks. The influx of free water facilitates the complete dissolution of primary and secondary uranium minerals, the removal of uranium at the sites of groundwater discharge, and its redeposition under reducing conditions at a greater depth. It is evident that the conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone and the aeration zone are unfit for long-term insulation of SNF and high-level wastes because, after the failure of containers, the leakage of radionuclides into the environment becomes inevitable. 相似文献