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1.
土体的力学特性往往因应力状态和应力路径而异。为了探讨垂直加载和等剪路径下饱和土的力学特性,制备饱和重塑黄土试样,通过固结不排水（CU）和常剪应力排水剪（CSD）三轴试验,分别测定并绘制其应力-应变曲线、孔隙水压力变化曲线和应力路径曲线。试验结果表明,饱和重塑黄土在2种路径下有明显不同的变形特点:CU路径下的应力-应变曲线皆呈弱软化型,孔隙水压力先快速上升后逐渐趋于稳定;CSD路径下维持偏应力为一常量,施加孔隙水压力后的很长时间内试样变形很小,当孔隙水压力增大至试验围压的60%~75%时,试样迅速破坏。CSD路径无偏应力峰值,文中根据轴应变随平均有效应力变化曲线定义了等效峰值破坏线。通过对比发现,2种路径下饱和重塑黄土的有效峰值强度指标差异明显,而有效残余强度指标相近,表明有效残余强度指标是重塑黄土内在属性,受应力路径的影响不大。该研究结果可为实际工程选取正确的应力路径试验提供参考。 相似文献
2.
松砂极易液化,微小的应力状态变化也会影响其液化特性。基于多向循环单剪试验,采用松砂作为试验材料,开展不同静剪应力大小、方向和复杂剪切路径下的循环单剪试验,研究复杂初始应力状态下松砂循环单剪特性,得到以下主要结论：（1）随静剪应力比增大,试样剪应力峰值增大,第1个循环内孔隙水压力增量变大,试样更易液化;初始静剪应力大小对孔隙水压力的影响在剪切初期更显著。（2）随初始静剪应力和动剪应力主轴之间夹角增大,试样在X方向的剪应力峰值减小,试样孔隙水压力加速增长,在第1个循环以及最后1个循环内孔隙水压力增量变大,循环间差值增大,试样更易发生瞬时液化。（3）8字形剪切路径试样的应力-应变滞回圈面积最大,每个循环消耗能量最多,圆形剪切路径次之,直线剪切路径最小。复杂剪切路径会在剪切开始时诱发孔隙水压力的突然增加,加大各循环中孔隙水压力的增量,试样更易液化。（4）影响松砂液化因素的排序为：初始静剪应力与动剪应力夹角、剪切路径、初始静剪应力大小。 相似文献
3.
在三轴条件下,对饱和土（砂土和黏土）进行排水与不排水条件下的冲击试验及冲击后再固结试验,对比研究了不同渗透性土在不同排水条件下的冲击动力响应和冲击后再固结性状。结果表明：饱和黏土不排水冲击时的孔隙水压力随冲击击数增加而升高并逐渐稳定,排水冲击时的孔隙水压力则是先达到峰值然后有所下降;砂土不排水冲击时的冲击能量对孔隙水压力影响最明显;饱和砂土不排水冲击时的轴向应变与冲击击数呈近似线性关系,饱和黏土冲击及饱和砂土排水冲击则呈近二次曲线关系;饱和砂土不排水冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力立即消散为0,同时体变迅速增大到一定值;饱和黏土在冲击后再固结阶段的孔隙水压力在一定时间内逐渐消散完毕,同时体变逐渐增大;饱和黏土排水冲击时,冲击阶段产生的体变占冲击引起总体变的39%～49%,冲击后再固结阶段产生的体变占51%～61%;砂土和黏土的总体变均表现为排水冲击明显大于不排水冲击,改善冲击时的排水条件有利于提高加固效果。 相似文献
4.
《岩土力学》2021,(2)
为研究排水边界条件对饱和软黏土强度特性的影响,利用GDS-DYNTTS动三轴仪开展了饱和软黏土的不排水试验和自由排水试验。采用控制体应变与轴向应变增量比ξ的方法进行了部分排水条件下饱和软黏土的强度特性试验,从孔隙水压力、p-q平面的有效应力路径和渐近状态特性等方面研究了排水边界条件对饱和软黏土力学特性的影响。基于渐近状态特性和剪胀特性,将应变增量比ξ引入应力路径本构模型,建立了饱和黏性土渐近状态本构方程。通过与孔压、有效应力路径实验结果的对比验证了模型的合理性。试验结果表明饱和黏性土的应变增量比ξ应小于0.3;排水条件影响正常固结黏土剪胀性的发挥程度、有效应力路径以及土的抗剪强度大小。随着应变增量比ξ的增大,饱和黏性土的孔隙水压和有效应力比减小而强度增大。试验后期,饱和黏性土试样长期处于临界状态,改变排水条件可抑制或加速土体的破坏。 相似文献
5.
《岩土力学》2020,(2)
为研究排水边界条件对饱和软黏土强度特性的影响,利用GDS-DYNTTS动三轴仪开展了饱和软黏土的不排水试验和自由排水试验。采用控制体应变与轴向应变增量比ξ的方法进行了部分排水条件下饱和软黏土的强度特性试验,从孔隙水压力、p-q平面的有效应力路径和渐近状态特性等方面研究了排水边界条件对饱和软黏土力学特性的影响。基于渐近状态特性和剪胀特性,将应变增量比ξ引入应力路径本构模型,建立了饱和黏性土渐近状态本构方程。通过与孔压、有效应力路径实验结果的对比验证了模型的合理性。试验结果表明饱和黏性土的应变增量比ξ应小于0.3;排水条件影响正常固结黏土剪胀性的发挥程度、有效应力路径以及土的抗剪强度大小。随着应变增量比ξ的增大,饱和黏性土的孔隙水压和有效应力比减小而强度增大。试验后期,饱和黏性土试样长期处于临界状态,改变排水条件可抑制或加速土体的破坏。 相似文献
6.
为了模拟实际工程中黄土在不排水条件下的破坏,在控制含水率不变条件下,利用非饱和土真三轴仪对不同初始吸力非饱和原状黄土进行了等向固结试验和不同中主应力参数b值的剪切试验,研究了非饱和原状黄土的力学特性。研究结果表明：真三轴等向压缩屈服应力随着初始吸力的增大而增大,吸力随着净平均应力的增大而减小,净平均应力对吸力的影响程度随着初始吸力的增大而增大。不同 值条件下,广义剪应力和净平均应力破坏状态线近似呈平行直线关系,广义剪应力和有效净平均球应力试验点可归一为饱和土的排水剪切破坏状态线;剪切破坏时吸力随着b值的增大基本呈线性增大趋势;孔隙比和净平均应力对数临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系,其斜率比饱和土大,且大于等向压缩屈服前的斜率;非饱和土孔隙比和有效净平均球应力对数临界状态线与饱和土的临界状态线近似呈线性平行关系;不同净围压条件下,不同 值非饱和土与饱和土的破坏状态孔隙比的比值与气体饱和度的试验点分布于1.0～1.2的直线带内,但同一净有效球应力条件下可以归一为一条非线性曲线。 相似文献
7.
为研究主应力轴旋转复杂动应力对偏压固结粉土的性状演变影响,以空心圆柱试样为对象,开展具有不同初始固结比的密实粉土（Dr＝70%）在不排水主应力轴循环旋转下的系列试验。结果表明：①初始固结比不大于1.5时,主应力轴旋转导致试样发生中低应变崩塌,进而液化的脆性破坏模式;而固结比大于1.5时,试样变为应变持续稳定开展至高应变,孔压最终进入动态平衡的延性破坏模式,且不同固结比下试样发生崩塌液化和稳态延性破坏的孔压峰值间不存在交叉。②小偏压固结试样的液化峰值孔压和崩塌孔压均随固结比增加而有规律地下降,但受动剪应力水平影响很小,这与等压固结试样的崩塌孔压值受控于剪应力水平有很大差异。③相同初始球应力水平下,崩塌振次反映的小偏压固结试样强度高于等压固结试样,但在偏压条件下强度与固结比不存在单调变化关系,表明小偏压固结试样崩塌除受制初始围压水平外,很大程度上还取决于偏压程度。④基于上述试验结果,提出了主应力轴循环旋转下小偏压固结粉土的孔压预测模型,该模型不仅突显了崩塌状态对相变及液化破坏的重要预测作用,还反映了固结比和动剪应力对孔压开展的综合影响。 相似文献
8.
《岩土力学》2017,(5):1343-1349
由于重度小、渗透性强,橡胶粉末常作为边坡、路基和挡土墙的填料,以代替部分砂土,从而提高挡土墙的安全性,并减少砂子的用量。在地震或交通荷载作用下,掺有橡胶粉末的砂土动力学特性,包括应力-应变关系曲线、孔隙水压力累积规律、动剪切模量和抗液化能力方面的研究亟需开展。借助CKC循环动三轴仪,开展饱和不排水条件下掺有橡胶粉末的砂土试样的动力学特性研究,重点评估掺入的橡胶粉末对试样的抗液化性能的影响。研究结果发现,掺有不同粒径橡胶粉末的砂土对应力-应变关系、孔隙水压力的影响非常显著,同时发现,粒径较大的橡胶粉末可以极大地提高试样的抗液化能力。另外,发现掺入量越大,对抗液化能力的提高越明显,且随着掺入量的提高,表现出与常规砂土液化不同的破坏模式。研究结果进一步明确了掺有橡胶粉末的砂土动力特性行为,为橡胶粉末在工程实践中的应用提供了技术依据。最后,对橡胶砂土混合的微观机制进行了解释。 相似文献
9.
通过固结不排水三轴压缩试验,分析了围压、固结比和干密度等因素对饱和粉土静态液化特性的影响。试验结果表明,在干密度较小时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线呈现明显的硬变软化型,随轴向应变增大超静孔隙水压力增加、有效应力减小而发生静态液化,当干密度达到1.58 g· cm-3时,饱和粉土的偏应力-应变曲线表现出硬变硬化现象,超静孔隙水压力为负值或接近0,饱和粉土不再发生静态液化,即饱和粉土存在静态液化的干密度临界值;其他条件不变,随着围压、固结比或干密度的增大,偏应力峰值和残余强度均增大,静态液化势降低;根据有效应力路径建立了流滑面以作为饱和粉土稳定区与非稳定区的分界面。 相似文献
10.
饱和土体静态液化失稳理论预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过在屈服准则和剪胀性方程中引入材料状态参数,建立了一个与材料状态相关的本构模型,用于模拟不同初始孔隙比和围压下土体的应力-应变关系。基于二阶功理论,建立了饱和土体静态液化失稳理论判别准则。通过预测一系列饱和松砂三轴不排水试验结果,验证了所建立的本构模型及判别预测准则的合理性。分析结果表明,静态液化发生于土体硬化阶段,静态液化触发伴随着剪应力达到峰值,其后剪应力降低且孔隙水压力持续增长。进一步地,模拟了充分降解的城市固体废弃物在不排水条件下的应力-应变特性,并预测到了潜在失稳线及静态液化触发点。 相似文献
11.
Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
12.
We define a flow liquefaction potential for determining flow liquefaction susceptibility during proportional strain triaxial compression. The flow liquefaction potential is a function of inconsistency between the natural dilative tendency of the soil and the imposed dilatancy during proportional strain triaxial compression. It helps us analyze why given the right conditions, a loose soil that contracts during drained triaxial compression and liquefies under undrained triaxial compression may be stable under proportional strain triaxial compression. Conversely, we also use the flow liquefaction potential to analyze why a dense soil that dilates during drained triaxial compression and is stable under undrained triaxial compression may liquefy under proportional strain triaxial compression. The undrained loose case is a special case of proportional strain triaxial compression under which a soil can liquefy. The central objective of this paper was to investigate the origins of flow liquefaction instability. Hence, we also analyze stress evolution during proportional strain triaxial compression and discuss the mechanics of the test leading up to flow liquefaction instability. We arrive at a necessary precursor for instability, which can serve as a warning sign for flow liquefaction instability, while the soil is still stable. The precursor is not a condition of sufficiency and should also not be confused with the onset of instability itself. The same loading must be applied continuously to induce flow liquefaction instability. The current progress is encouraging and facilitates a deeper understanding of origin of flow liquefaction instabilities. 相似文献
13.
利用空心圆柱扭剪仪模拟斜入射地震波作用形成的斜椭圆应力路径,对比研究了等向固结条件下饱和福建标准松砂在循环斜椭圆、圆形、扭剪、三轴路径下的动力特性。试验研究表明：土体循环孔压发展存在陡升型和陡降型两种模式;圆形路径下累积孔压增长速率最快,循环扭剪最小;归一化孔压与斜椭圆的倾角无关,但受斜椭圆长短轴比及动应力比影响。砂土的不排水动强度与动应力路径密切相关,循环扭剪和循环三轴最大,循环斜椭圆次之,圆形路径最小。地震波从特定角度入射时,形成近似圆形路径,若只将地震波视为垂直入射的S波,将高估地基土体抗液化强度。 相似文献
14.
Constant shear drained tests (CSD) are probably the most suitable to simulate the strength and deformation behaviour of soils
in slopes under water infiltration conditions or lateral stress relief. This is significant because soil behaviour following
a CSD stress path could differ from that of traditional compression triaxial tests. In this paper, CSD tests on sand following
an alternative procedure are presented and discussed. The modified CSD tests were conducted by increasing the pore water pressure
at a constant rate from one end of the specimen with water free to drain from the opposite end. Among the results from specimens
consolidated at variable initial void ratios and principal stress ratios it was revealed that specimens showed a tendency
to dilate even for loose sands; failure was reached at low axial strains; and a pre-failure type of instability could be identified.
The modified procedure has the potential to provide new insights into the failure mechanisms of slopes under a water infiltration
condition. 相似文献
15.
《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2013,8(2):65-75
A simplified method to analyse diffuse and localized bifurcations of sand under drained and undrained conditions is presented in this paper. This method utilizes results from bifurcation analysis and critical state plasticity theory to detect the onset of pure and dilatant shear band formation, static liquefaction and drained shear failures systematically. To capture the soil collapse observed in experiments, the instability state line concept originated by Chu, Lo and Lee in 1993 is adopted. Emphasis is given to examine how the presence of pore-fluid may facilitate or delay instability after yielding occurs. The predictions of instabilities are compared with experimental data from triaxial compression tests on Toyoura and Changi sands. 相似文献
16.
Noureddine Della Mostefa Belkhatir Ahmed Djafar Henni Jean Canou Jean Claude Dupla 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):2969-2980
In order to evaluate shear resistance characteristics of sand, which has previously experienced liquefaction, two series of drained and undrained monotonic triaxial compression tests on medium dense sand were carried out. In the first test series, the influence of the specimen preparation method and confining pressure has been studied. It was found that there was a marked difference in the behavior even though the density and stress conditions were identical. The conclusion was that the soil fabric was responsible for this result. In the second series of tests, the saturation influence on the shear resistance of the sand was examined. The results showed that the decrease in Skempton's pore pressure coefficient B improves the shear resistance and increases the friction angle of the sand. 相似文献
17.
This study explores the link between the monotonic and cyclic undrained behaviour of sands using the discrete element method (DEM). It is shown that DEM can effectively capture the flow deformation of sands sheared under both monotonic and cyclic undrained loading conditions. When subjected to cyclic shearing, flow-type failure is observed for a loose sample, while cyclic mobility is observed for a dense sample. A strong correlation between the monotonic and cyclic loading behaviour that has been revealed experimentally is also confirmed in DEM simulations: (a) flow deformation occurs in the compressive loading direction when the cyclic stress path intersects the monotonic compression stress path prior to the monotonic extension stress path, and vice versa; (b) the onset of flow deformation in q–\(p^{\prime }\) space is located in the zone bounded by the critical state line and the instability line determined from monotonic simulations. Hill’s condition of instability is shown to be effective to describe the onset of flow failure. Micro-mechanical analyses reveal that flow deformation is initiated when the index of redundancy excluding floating particles drops to below 1.0 under both monotonic and cyclic loading conditions. Flow deformation induced by either monotonic or cyclic loading is characterized by an abrupt change of structural fabric which is highly anisotropic. The reason why the dense sample dilated during monotonic loading but showed cyclic mobility (temporary liquefaction) during cyclic loading is attributed to the repeating reversal of loading direction, which leads to the periodic change of microstructure. 相似文献
18.
Modelling cyclic behaviour of granular soils under both drained and undrained conditions with a good performance is still a challenge. This study presents a new way of modelling the cyclic behaviour of granular materials using deep learning. To capture the continuous cyclic behaviour in time dimension, the long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network is adopted, which is characterised by the prediction of sequential data, meaning that it provides a novel means of predicting the continuous behaviour of soils under various loading paths. Synthetic datasets of cyclic loading under drained and undrained conditions generated by an advanced soil constitutive model are first employed to explore an appropriate framework for the LSTM-based model. Then the LSTM-based model is used to estimate the cyclic behaviour of real sands, ie, the Toyoura sand under the undrained condition and the Fontainebleau sand under both undrained and drained conditions. The estimates are compared with actual experimental results, which indicates that the LSTM-based model can simultaneously simulate the cyclic behaviour of sand under both drained and undrained conditions, ie, (a) the cyclic mobility mechanism, the degradation of effective stress and large deformation under the undrained condition, and (b) shear strain accumulation and densification under the drained condition. 相似文献