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1.
评述了美国墨西哥湾深海油气储量、墨西哥湾原有的油气发现、墨西哥湾浅水和深水的油气发现统计、深水钻井重获许可后开发的新进展、墨西哥湾油田原油生产数据以及新发现开始生产石油的情况. 相似文献
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A. Zabanbark 《Oceanology》2006,46(4):557-563
With respect of its structure, the Gulf of Mexico basin is heterogeneous. The following individual basins and subbasins can be distinguished; (1) Mississippi-Louisiana; (2) Gulf Coast within the boundaries of Texas and New Mexico; (3) Mexican Gulf Coast and adjacent system of foredeeps; (4) Yucatan subbasin; (5) Cuba-Bahamas system of foredeeps. Regional seismic studies reveal a close relationship between salt movements and sedimentation. Salt bodies represent excellent cap rocks for hydrocarbon fluids. Anticline folds termed “turtle” structures forming a system of belts appear in the deep parts of the gulf. These structures host large reserves of hydrocarbons, which are concentrated in the Paleogene-Miocene turbidite reservoirs with a porosity approximately 30% overlain by excellent cap rocks (salt, clay) with permeability exceeding 3 darcy. Three productive zones are defined: (1) the folds of the Mississippi River fan; (2) the Perdido belt of anticline folds; (3) Florida. The Paleogene and Miocene-Pliocene-Pleistocene sediments developed on the continental slopes of the Gulf of Mexico basin are the areas most promising with respect to hydrocarbon deposits. On January 1, 2006, the offshore oil production was 53 million tons and the gas production 40 billion cubic meters. Total prospective oil and gas reserves are estimated to be 5.5 billion tons and 4.7 trillion cubic meters, of which over 50% of oil and 1/3 of gas are expected to be discovered on the continental slope. 相似文献
4.
泰国湾区域经历了前裂谷期、裂谷期、裂后期的构造演化阶段,形成了多个裂谷盆地。泰国湾区域东北部在渐新世经历了一次明显构造反转,较泰国湾区域大部分地区强烈。通过对比区内钻井,结合地震解释,对该区的沉积特征和构造演化进行了分析,认为这次反转构造导致了反转构造带上构造、沉积特征与邻区有较大的不同。由于这次反转构造,泰国湾东北部在新层系发育新类型的油气系统,即深部的始新统油气系统:烃源岩为中始新统湖相泥岩,储层为上始新统-渐新统三角洲相砂岩,盖层为下中新统三角洲前缘相泥岩和上中新统以上的海相泥岩。该油气成藏系统已被钻井钻遇油气显示,是本区有效油气成藏系统。 相似文献
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北部湾R1钻孔岩心上新世以来的沉积环境演变史研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文综述北部湾东北部R_1孔岩心记录。R_1孔岩心长度100m,水深42m。在粒度分析、矿物分析及微体古生物分析的基础上,认为该区在上新世时,为浅海相沉积,更新世则以陆相为主,仅在晚更新世时出现两个滨海相沉积层,全新世为浅海相沉积。 相似文献
6.
Shuo Chen Renhai Pu Huiqiong Li Hongjun Qu Tianyu Ji Siyu Su Yunwen Guan Hui Zhang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2022,41(9):86-106
The Dongfang1-1 gas field (DF1-1) in the Yinggehai Basin is currently the largest offshore self-developed gas field in China and is rich in oil and gas resources. The second member of the Pliocene Yinggehai Formation (YGHF) is the main gas-producing formation and is composed of various sedimentary types; however, a clear understanding of the sedimentary types and development patterns is lacking. Here, typical lithofacies, logging facies and seismic facies types and characteristics of the YGHF are identified based on high-precision 3D seismic data combined with drilling, logging, analysis and testing data. Based on 3D seismic interpretation and attribute analysis, the origin of high-amplitude reflections is clarified, and the main types and evolution characteristics of sedimentary facies are identified. Taking gas formation upper II (IIU) as an example, the plane distribution of the delta front and bottom current channel is determined; finally, a comprehensive sedimentary model of the YGHF second member is established. This second member is a shallowly buried “bright spot” gas reservoir with weak compaction. The velocity of sandstone is slightly lower than that of mudstone, and the reflection has medium amplitude when there is no gas. The velocity of sandstone decreases considerably after gas accumulation, resulting in an increase in the wave impedance difference and high-amplitude (bright spot) reflection between sandstone and mudstone; the range of high amplitudes is consistent with that of gas-bearing traps. The distribution of gas reservoirs is obviously controlled by dome-shaped diapir structural traps, and diapir faults are channels through which natural gas from underlying Miocene source rocks can enter traps. The study area is a delta front deposit developed on a shallow sea shelf. The lithologies of the reservoir are mainly composed of very fine sand and coarse silt, and a variety of sedimentary structural types reflect a shallow sea delta environment; upward thickening funnel type, strong toothed bell type and toothed funnel type logging facies are developed. In total, 4 stages of delta front sand bodies (corresponding to progradational reflection seismic facies) derived from the Red River and Blue River in Vietnam have developed in the second member of the YGHF; these sand bodies are dated to 1.5 Ma and correspond to four gas formations. During sedimentation, many bottom current channels (corresponding to channel fill seismic facies) formed, which interacted with the superposed progradational reflections. When the provenance supply was strong in the northwest, the area was dominated by a large set of delta front deposits. In the period of relative sea level rise, surface bottom currents parallel to the coastline were dominant, and undercutting erosion was obvious, forming multistage superimposed erosion troughs. Three large bottom current channels that developed in the late sedimentary period of gas formation IIU are the most typical. 相似文献
7.
A digitally recorded and processed multichannel seismic profile between Cromer (England) and Sylt (Germany) has provided the first continuous section through the Miocene to Middle Pleistocene delta complex of the southern North Sea Basin. The profile depicts the progressive westward expansion of deltaic sedimentation that eventually filled in this gently subsiding epicontinental basin. Significant basinward shifts in seismic facies occur above all but one of 14 seismic sequence boundaries that punctuate the deposition of up to 830 m of deltaic sediments on the profile. These sequence boundaries and the morphology of prodelta, delta front, delta top and fluvio-deltaic seismic facies record the interaction between subsidence, cyclic fluctuation in sediment supply to, and cyclic change of relative sea level within the basin. Two submarine slides were developed within delta front facies in the Pliocene section and the profile has intersected a swarm of Elsterian (Middle Pleistocene) glacial palaeovalleys that have been incised into the upper part of the delta complex. 相似文献
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四国海盆起源与沉积环境演化 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
四国海盆位于西太平洋最大的边缘海——菲律宾海的东北部，是太平洋板块向欧亚板块俯冲而形成的一个目前已不活动的弧后盆地，具有高的热流值和洋壳裂开历史，并且具有双翼不对称扩张模式。其磁条带具有“东西不对称、南北不对等”的特点，从而造成四国海盆“北宽南窄、东凸西平”的地形、地貌特征。四国海盆具有典型的弧后盆地沉积特征，主要包括半远洋沉积、火山碎屑沉积和少量的远洋沉积。在早中新世、中中新世、晚中新世、上新世、更新世盆地发育的不同阶段，都有一定的岩相组合特征，并反映了当时的沉积环境。中中新世在盆地的北部和东部，晚中新世在盆地的北部、东北部，上新世和更新世在盆地的北部、东北部和西北部均发育有碎屑沉积。由于中更新世南海海槽的形成及其对物源的阻隔作用，在盆地北部发育了远洋粘土和钙质生物沉积。中中新世，盆地的北部、东侧和西侧均有火山活动发育，晚中新世仅在东部岛弧区有火山活动；上新世仅盆地的北部有少量的火山活动，晚更新世火山活动在盆地北部发育。 相似文献
10.
Paul Weimer 《Geo-Marine Letters》1989,9(4):185-272
The Mississippi Fan is a large, mud-dominated submarine fan over 4 km thick, deposited in the deep Gulf of Mexico during the
late Pliocene and Pleistocene. Analysis of 19,000 km of multifold seismic data defined 17 seismic sequences, each characterized
by channel, levee, and associated overbank deposits, as well as mass transport deposits. At the base of nine sequences are
a series of seismic facies consisting of mounded, hummocky, chaotic, and subparallel reflections, which constitute 10–20%
of the sediments in each the sequences. These facies are externally mounded and occur in two general regions of the fan: (1)
in the upper and middle fan they are elongate in shape and mimic the channel's distribution; (2) in the middle fan to lower
fan they are characterized by a fan-shaped distribution, increasing in width downfan. These facies are interpreted to have
formed as disorganized slides, debris flows, and turbidites (informally called “mass transport complexes”).
Overlying this basal interval, characteristic of all sequences, are well-developed channel-levee systems that constitute 80–90%
of the fan's sediments. Channels consist of high amplitude, subparallel reflections, whereas the flanking levee sediments
appear as subparallel reflections that have high amplitudes at the base changing upward to low amplitude. The vertical change
in amplitude may reflect a decrease in grain size and bed thicknesses. Overbank sediments are characterized by interbedded
subparallel to hummocky and mounded reflections, suggesting both turbidites from the channel, as well as slides and debris
flows derived both locally and from the slope updip. 相似文献
11.
Post-Miocene sea-level low stands allowed rivers and karst processes to incise the exposed carbonate platform along the Gulf Coast of Florida. Few Miocene to mid-Pleistocene deposits survived erosion along the present coast except within incised valleys. Since their formation, these valleys have been filled and incised multiple times in response to sea-level changes. The thick sedimentary sequences underlying the mouth of Tampa Bay have been recorded as a range of depositional environments and multiple sea-level incursions and excursions during pre-Holocene time and subsequent to the accumulation of the Miocene carbonate sequences. Sediment analysis of cores collected from a north–south transect across the mouth of Tampa Bay has enabled the identification of lithofacies, ranging from well-sorted, quartz sand to dense, fossiliferous, phosphatic grainstone. These facies were deposited in freshwater, estuarine, and shallow, open marine environments. As a result of channel development and migration within the paleovalley, and cut-and-fill associated with individual transgressions and regressions, correlation of the lithofacies does not extend across the entire transect. Fining-upward sequences truncated by tidal ravinement surfaces that extend throughout the paleovalley can, however, be identified. Age determinations based on 14-C analysis, amino-acid racemization, and strontium isotope analysis dating of numerous samples yield ages of Miocene, Pliocene, early Pleistocene, and late Pleistocene, as well as Holocene for sequences that accumulated and were preserved in this valley-fill complex. Numerous inconsistencies in the stratigraphic organization of the age determinations indicate that there are bad dates, considerable reworking of shells that were dated, or both. For this reason as well as the lack of detailed correlation among the three relatively complete cores, it is not possible to place these strata in a sequence stratigraphic framework. 相似文献
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George Dellagiarino 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》1999,17(2):83-89
Since 1976, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has administered its prelease geological and geophysical (G & G) data acquisition program through Title 30, Part 251, of the Code of Federal Regulations, which govern permitting, acquisitions, and data release. Leading indicators of offshore oil and gas activity are the number of permits issued to industry, associated mileage, and expenditures. Over the last 20 years, permit activity has indicated that most of the oil and gas surveying has been in the Gulf of Mexico, where 80 % of all permits have been issued, followed by Alaska (10 %), the Pacific (7 %), and the Atlantic (3 %). These statistics correlate with the dominant position of the central and western Gulf of Mexico areas in oil and gas activity. More than 95 % of all permits were issued for geophysical exploration, mostly for two-dimensional (2-D) common-depth-point (CDP) seismic data. However, over the last 10 years, permits for three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data have averaged 25 % of all geophysical permits and, by 1996, made up approximately half of all geophysical permits offshore-wide. Between 1976 and the early 1990s, industry shot approximately 500,000 linemiles of 2-D CDP data each year on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Of that total, MMS acquired approximately50,000 line-miles annually. In the 1990s, parallel with industry, MMS increased its acquisition of 3-D seismic data in concert with the development and use of interactive workstations. The majority of 2-D and 3-D data have been acquired in the Gulf of Mexico by a ratio of 2:1 over Alaska, the next largest data inventory. With regard to MMS expenditures for G & G data, from 1976 through the 1980s, Alaska, having more offshore area than the other three regions combined, had the largest portion. However, in the 1900s, the vast majority of expenditures have been in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the years, permit totals, mileage acquired, and expenditures for data reflect trends of oil and gas pricing, limitations of offshore moratoria, and a shift of industry emphasis to foreign theaters. 相似文献
14.
George Dellagiarino 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2-3):83-89
Since 1976, the Minerals Management Service (MMS) has administered its prelease geological and geophysical (G & G) data acquisition program through Title 30, Part 251, of the Code of Federal Regulations, which govern permitting, acquisitions, and data release. Leading indicators of offshore oil and gas activity are the number of permits issued to industry, associated mileage, and expenditures. Over the last 20 years, permit activity has indicated that most of the oil and gas surveying has been in the Gulf of Mexico, where 80 % of all permits have been issued, followed by Alaska (10 %), the Pacific (7 %), and the Atlantic (3 %). These statistics correlate with the dominant position of the central and western Gulf of Mexico areas in oil and gas activity. More than 95 % of all permits were issued for geophysical exploration, mostly for two-dimensional (2-D) common-depth-point (CDP) seismic data. However, over the last 10 years, permits for three-dimensional (3-D) seismic data have averaged 25 % of all geophysical permits and, by 1996, made up approximately half of all geophysical permits offshore-wide. Between 1976 and the early 1990s, industry shot approximately 500,000 linemiles of 2-D CDP data each year on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). Of that total, MMS acquired approximately50,000 line-miles annually. In the 1990s, parallel with industry, MMS increased its acquisition of 3-D seismic data in concert with the development and use of interactive workstations. The majority of 2-D and 3-D data have been acquired in the Gulf of Mexico by a ratio of 2:1 over Alaska, the next largest data inventory. With regard to MMS expenditures for G & G data, from 1976 through the 1980s, Alaska, having more offshore area than the other three regions combined, had the largest portion. However, in the 1900s, the vast majority of expenditures have been in the Gulf of Mexico. Over the years, permit totals, mileage acquired, and expenditures for data reflect trends of oil and gas pricing, limitations of offshore moratoria, and a shift of industry emphasis to foreign theaters. 相似文献
15.
福建“佛昙群”的地质时代和地层特征 总被引：2，自引：4，他引：2
关于“佛昙群”的地质时代，在过去的６４ａ中，人们有着５种不同的见解；第三纪、上新世或第四纪、上新世、晚第三纪上新世至早更新世。本文对５个原“佛昙群”露头剖面进行年代地层学研究，结果表明“佛昙群”中包含有中更新世、早更新世、上新世、中新世和渐新世的地层。 相似文献
16.
Geochemical evidence for coal-derived hydrocarbons and their charge history in the Dabei Gas Field, Kuqa Thrust Belt, Tarim Basin, NW China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Shuichang Zhang Bin Zhang Guangyou Zhu Huitong Wang Zhenxi Li 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2011,28(7):1364-1375
Large to middle-scale thrust structures are important reservoir plays for coal-derived hydrocarbons in the foreland basins of NW China, with both gas and some accompanying oil. In the Dabei Gas Field of the Kuqa Thrust, however, the oil and gas pools are vertically distributed in a quite unique way: (1) liquid oil and some dissolved gas are present in the Dawanqi Anticline with the reservoir at 300-700 m depth, forming the only oil field in the Kuqa Thrust; (2) gas and minor accompanying oil are found in the deep reservoir of the Dabei-1 and Dabei-2 thrust traps around 5000-6000 m depth; (3) an extremely dry gas pool is found in the Dabei-3 thrust trap where the depth of the reservoir is over 7000 m. Geochemical data suggest that the hydrocarbons in the Dawanqi Anticline and the Dabei thrust traps originated from a similar source, i.e. the underlying Jurassic coal measures, with some contribution from Jurassic lacustrine shales. The Jurassic source rocks did not start to generate oil until the Miocene (around the Kangcun Stage), and extended into the Pliocene (the Kuche Stage) with the main gas generation period in the Pliocene (the Kuche Stage) and the Quaternary. Because the traps formed relatively early, the Dabei-1 and Dabei-2 thrusts could trap some of the early generated oils, but most of the early charged oil was redistributed to the shallower Dawanqi Anticline during the Kuche Stage. The Dabei-3 thrust trap formed concurrently with major gas generation and thus could not trap liquid hydrocarbons. The difference in the vertical distribution of the hydrocarbon accumulations in the Dabei Gas Field resulted from a complex interplay of source variability, structural evolution of the basin and thermal maturation. 相似文献
17.
Paleogeographic and volumetric lithofacies mapping of 18 Cenozoic genetic sequences within the Northern Gulf of Mexico Basin quantifies the proportional sequestering of sediment within wave-dominated shore-zone vs. deltaic systems through time. Three long-term depositional phases are revealed by plots, based on paleogeographic and sediment isochore maps, of total shore-zone system area and volume to total delta system area and volume (SZ/D). (1) SZ/D area and volume ratios are highly variable in Paleocene through Eocene sequences. However, typical volume ratios for major genetic sequences (Upper, Middle, and Lower Wilcox; Queen City (QC), and Yegua) range between 0.2 and 0.6. Minor sequences (Sparta (SP), Jackson (JS)), which record very low rates and volumes of sediment accumulation, have the greatest variability in their ratios. (2) Oligocene and Miocene sequences display consistently high proportions of shore-zone sediment. SZ/D area ratios range from 0.6 to 1.0, and volume ratios cluster between 0.4 and 0.8. (3) A substantial late Neogene decrease in SZ/D ratios is presaged in the late Miocene sequence. Pliocene and Pleistocene sequences are uniformly characterized by very low ratios of <0.2. Consistently high Oligocene–Miocene ratios reflect a post-Eocene period of strong E–W climate gradient across the Northern Gulf margin. Shore-zone volume displays no correlation to overall rate of sediment supply. The late Neogene decrease in proportional shore-zone system importance corresponds to development of the West Antarctic and Northern Hemisphere ice sheets and related increase in amplitude and frequency of glacioeustatic sea level cycling. 相似文献
18.
琼东南盆地陆坡区深水浊积水道的地震相特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水道-天然堤体系作为油气储集圈闭日益引起沉积学家和勘探家的重视。地震相特征是识别深水水道的有效途径，本文基于高分辨率2D、3D地震资料的地震相分析，在琼东南盆地陆坡区深水盆地中识别出早中新世、上新世和第四纪多期深水水道体系。早中新世深水水道在地震剖面上具有强、弱振幅交替反射和相互叠置的地震反射特征，局部具有杂乱反射特点；上新世水道整体表现为强振幅，横向上连续或者半连续，纵向上为强振幅的叠加；第四纪水道在地震剖面上具有典型下切反射特点，该水道整体振幅相对较弱，但其水道轴部充填具有典型的强反射特征，这与世界典型地区的水道轴部粗粒充填强振反射一致。这几期深水水道都发育于低水位时期，为上部物源搬运引起的浊流事件而形成。 相似文献
19.
Integrated tectono-stratigraphic interpretation at MC-118 using 3D seismic, well logs and biostratigraphy reveals an area dominated by allochthonous salt and its related structures. OCS-Block MC-118 is located 130 km southeast of New Orleans on the Gulf of Mexico middle slope in ∼2600 ft of water.The area is divided into three domains based on their structural styles: (1) a western domain consisting of a basinward-dipping normal fault family and associated strata; (2) a central domain composed of a landward-plunging diapiric salt tongue canopy and associated salt welds, two flanking NE–SW trending salt-withdrawal mini-basins, and a crestal fault family; and (3) an eastern domain comprised of basinward/landward-dipping normal and listric normal fault families with their associated rollovers. These structural domains are genetically-and-kinematically related to the salt structure and extend beyond MC-118 boundaries. The salt structure is postulated to have evolved mostly passive, with punctuated active episodes, and by lateral spreading. This is part of a larger regional structure, eastern Gulf of Mexico, which involves some amalgamation between small-scale salt canopies and salt diapirs although collectively they appear mostly disconnected.A Pliocene (3.13–4.95 Ma) third-order genetic stratigraphic sequence, the focus of this study, is as much as ∼3600 ft thick within the mini-basins and contains: muddy mass transport complexes; sandy slope fans; muddy turbidites and condensed sections; and transitional facies flanking the salt structure that collectively have ponded and wedged external geometries. Mass transport complexes and muddy turbidites and condensed sections make most of the studied genetic sequence in a mud-dominated deltaic setting eastern Gulf of Mexico.Facies kinematic indicators and a matching number of genetic sequences accounted on the sea level chart support a eustatically driven mini-basin sedimentation. Nonetheless salt still plays a role in sedimentation (secondary/minor) by slumping generated during passive/active salt diapiric evolution. 相似文献
20.
Evgueni N. Tcherepanov André W. Droxler Philippe Lapointe Kenneth Mohn Odd A. Larsen 《Marine and Petroleum Geology》2010
An extensive carbonate system in the Gulf of Papua (GoP), developed in the late Oligocene–middle Miocene, was buried by huge influx of siliciclastics originated from Papua New Guinea. Major episodes of siliciclastic influx in the carbonate system are related to tectonic activity in the fold and thrust belt during the Oligocene Peninsular Orogeny, late Miocene Central Range Orogeny, and late Pliocene renewed uplift and exhumation of peninsular region. Siliciclastics did not influence the carbonate deposition during the late Oligocene–middle Miocene, since they were accumulated in the Aure Trough, proximal foreland basin protecting the carbonate system. The most significant burial of the carbonate system started during the late Miocene–early Pliocene in the result of the Central Range Orogeny. However, the largest influx was related to the renewed uplift of the Papuan Peninsula during the early late Pliocene. The shelf edge prograded ∼150 km and formed more than 80% of the modern shelf. This high siliciclastic influx was also enhanced by the “mid” Pliocene global warmth period and intensified East Asian monsoons at 3.6–2.9 Ma. Although many publications exist on carbonate–siliciclastic mixing in different depositional environments, this study helps understand the carbonate–siliciclastic interactions in space and time, especially at basinal scale, and during different intervals of the carbonate system burial by siliciclastic sediments. 相似文献