共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
我国土工离心模型试验技术发展综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小尺寸物理模型试验是岩土力学与岩土工程研究的重要手段.常规小比尺模型由于其自重产生的应力远低于原型,以及原型材料明显的非线性,因而不能再现原型的特性.解决这一问题的唯一途径是提高模型的自重,使之与原型等效.提高模型的自重应力水平、增大材料自重的最简便的方法就是用离心机.本文在总结回顾大量文献资料的基础上,根据离心模型试... 相似文献
2.
Atmospheric physics in numerical weather prediction model which predominantly determines the evolution of atmospheric processes is mainly described by physical parameterization. As a result, the development of physical parameterization has been a hot research issue in the area of numerical prediction for a long time. In this regard, the theoretical background and history of physical parameterization schemes for convection, microphysics, and planetary boundary layer, were reviewed in this study. It is suggested that the advance of physical parameterization for the model with high-resolution grid spaces should be considered as a principle issue for numerical model development in the future. Although the gird spaces in current operational numerical models generally decrease toward 10 km owing to the rapid development of high-performance computation, yet most of these schemes are designed for coarse grid spaces. Because of this kind of deficiency, the theoretical basis of these schemes inevitably faces controversy. Directions for development of physical parameterization were also suggested according to the trends of research in numerical prediction. 相似文献
3.
针对目前长期径流预报中物理成因考虑较少的问题,以丹江口水库为例,在分析影响径流物理背景的基础上,研究前期气象因子与水库秋汛期入库径流过程的相关关系,识别影响径流的大气环流与海温等物理因子,利用主成分分析法提取主要预报信息,建立了包含大气环流因子、海温因子等气象物理信息以及前期降雨、径流等水文信息作为预报因子集的三层BP神经网络预报模型.利用1956~2008年秋汛期9、10月入库径流量进行模拟与试报,并与仅采用前期降雨径流的预测模型进行了比较,结果显示基于物理成因分析的预测模型稳定性良好,模拟及试报精度较高,9、10月试报精度平均提高约30%,分别达到87.5%和75%,并对预报年份中的丰枯特征有较好的体现. 相似文献
4.
Xingsheng Zhang Huaichang Yu Jinyu Dong Shipeng Liu Zhiquan Huang Jianxiu Wang Henry Wong 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2017,76(20):705
The major environmental consequence of coal mining is anthropogenic land subsidence. In particular, mine subsidence can cause damage to public and private infrastructure such as railroads, roads, pipelines and buildings. What is more, it is an engineering problem which troubles engineering construction and safety. Ground surface deformation is related to the measure of mining and the deformation mechanism of overlying strata above the gob. In this paper, a physical and numerical model on the subsidence of longwall mining within a geotechnical setting is presented. The physical model is developed within the framework of physical similar law and geological model in Henan Province, China. The numerical solution is developed within continuum poromechanics and finite element setting. The law of overlying strata deformation is obtained according to physical model experiment and numerical simulation. 相似文献
5.
The large-scale construction of railway tunnels in China is hindered by several challenges, including large depths, large tunnel cross-sections, and fragile geological conditions. In this paper, we explored a new physical and numerical simulation method that improves upon the currently used methods to investigate the deformation and failure modes of weak rocks surrounding a tunnel. We also compared the results from physical tests and numerical simulations with the field measurements to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed numerical simulation method. In the physical model test, an artificial speckle field was developed by staining quartz sand particles and mixing the particles with barite powder and petroleum jelly in preset proportions. The artificial speckle field was employed in the digital speckle correlation method (DSCM) to monitor the evolution of the strain field on the surface of the plain strain model for tunneling during loading. A secondary strain-softening constitutive model using the numerical modeling code FLAC3D was developed (degradation constitutive model) by considering the deformation modulus degradation in the numerical simulation. The failure mode of weak rocks surrounding a tunnel in the physical model test was examined using the developed degradation constitutive model. Both the physical and numerical results revealed that the least stable area was the shear wedge along the minimum principal stress, which was confirmed in the damage zone of the surrounding rocks. The results were consistent with previous research findings. The results of the DSCM in the physical model test indicated that the shear wedge in the middle part of the tunnel and the cracks around the arch of the tunnel were induced by shear strain, whereas the collapse of the arch was attributed to a combination of tensile strain and shear strain. A comparison of the physical and numerical simulation results demonstrated that the degradation constitutive model can be used to describe the extent and depth of the excavation damage zone of tunneling. A comparison of the displacements from the numerical simulation and field measurements indicated that the degradation model can be used to capture the displacement of weak rocks surrounding tunnels. 相似文献
6.
沙漏型岩溶地面塌陷物理模型 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了进一步研究覆盖型岩溶地面塌陷的发生条件和机理,在作者关于土体塌陷理论的基础上,着重研究了渗漏型地面塌陷的地质现象、地质模型、物理模型及其数学表达式。根据地质现象和砂性土中砂颗粒在塌陷过程中的运动学响应特征,建立沙漏型岩溶地面塌陷的地质模型。在此基础上,概化出物理模型,并根据物质守恒定律推演沙漏型塌陷的数学表达式。由此探讨了沙漏型塌陷规模与岩溶和水文地质条件的关系,认为沙漏型塌陷历时与砂性土的摩擦系数的平方、水力坡降的平方根及可溶岩洞径的8/3次方根成反比,与塌陷坑深度的立方成正比。文章从地质现象→地质模型→物理模型→数学表达式来研究沙漏型岩溶地面塌陷,地质理论依据充分,物理过程可靠,数学逻辑严密,所推导出的数学表达式较好地反映了沙漏型地面塌陷的基本规律。经工程案例验证,该物理力学模型与实际情况较为吻合。 相似文献
7.
高斯过程回归（GPR）是一种基于贝叶斯理论的监督学习算法,在基于数据驱动（DDM）的模型结构不确定性分析中具有广泛应用。目前研究中通常假设物理参数和超参独立并进行联立识别,这会导致参数补偿。文章提出两步识别DDM量化模型结构误差,并通过2个地下水模型案例,分别在不考虑模型结构误差、考虑模型结构误差（联立识别DDM、两步识别DDM）的情况下,对比分析了参数识别和模型预测结果。结果表明,不考虑模型结构误差直接进行参数识别时,为补偿结构误差,物理参数会过度拟合,从而影响模型预测效果。基于DDM刻画模型结构偏差时,物理参数和超参的独立性假设会影响参数识别结果。提出的两步识别DDM法没有假设物理参数和超参独立,能够减少参数过度拟合效应,从而更准确刻画结构误差,有效提高了模型的预测性能。 相似文献
8.
三维采矿物理模拟实验装置主要设计参数研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在综合考虑各类采矿物理模拟试验所要求的合理模型尺寸的基础上,以满足模拟三维采场岩层移动物理模型为依据,对被模拟的适宜原型尺寸、模型平面尺寸和最大高度、以及模型表面荷载的加载方式和加载级别等物理模型实验装置的主要设计参数和要素进行了全面论证和分析。 相似文献
9.
地震记录是地下介质的物性和形态变化的综合反映，对于金属矿等复杂介质地区做物理模拟时得到的地震记录的震相非常凌乱，直接对其进行解释是非常困难的。根据波场的更加原理，对原始设计的实验物理模型进行了分解和重新组合，制作了近似的页面物理模型来逐步逼近原始模型。通过分离模型地震记录的分析，准确地把握其波场特征，为实际的复杂介质模型地震波场的研究提供了依据，很好地解释了组合模型下地震波场的分析与识别问题。 相似文献
10.
三维地震物理模拟技术作为一种重要的地震波传播特征的研究手段,与数值模拟相比具有结果更逼真、不受计算方法和边界条件限制等优点,是认识复杂构造地震波传播规律及其响应特征的有效方法之一,并在地震波传播基本规律研究、野外地震勘探方法验证、观测系统设计优化等方面具有重要的应用价值。为此研发一套大型双三轴气浮定位多通道三维地震物理模拟实验系统。该系统包括导轨和传动系统、运动控制系统、定位测量系统、物理模拟数据采集系统及安全系统等5部分,可实现大尺度物理模型高精度定位,多通道、高效率、高信噪比、高分辨率模型超声波信号采集等功能。利用该系统对模拟含断层、陷落柱、煤层变薄带多种构造的含煤地层三维地震物理模型进行数据采集试验,获得的整体成像效果与地震物理模型吻合,验证了该系统的可靠性和准确性。该系统的研制成功为煤炭地震勘探方法理论研究及实际生产应用提供了新的实验技术手段。 相似文献
11.
浮游植物动力学模型及其在海域富营养化研究中的应用 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
浮游植物动力学模型用来研究特定海域浮游植物生物量的时空分布规律，定量确定各种物理，生物过程的贡献，对解决浮游植物生物量异常增加导致的富营养化问题具有至关重要的作用，综述了国内外海洋浮游植物动力学模型研究的发展过程和现状，介绍了几种不同时空尺度浮游植物动力学模型的特点和性能，此类模型在发达国家的海域富营养化研究和环境管理中已取得了相当的进展，而我国目前虽已开展了海洋生态模型的初步研究，但面临一些困难，其中不仅需要获取特定海域的过程参数，而且急需对海域的强迫过程和边界过程加强认识。 相似文献
12.
针对致密砂岩气储层复杂的微观孔隙结构进行岩石物理建模,在模型中比较了单一孔隙纵横比、双孔隙模型两种表征孔隙结构的表征方式。岩石物理正演分析表明,两种孔隙结构模型均可解释致密砂岩复杂的速度-孔隙度关系。岩石物理反演结果表明,双孔隙模型对测井横波速度的预测精度更高,说明该模型更适用于表征研究区致密砂岩的孔隙结构,反演的软孔比例参数能够反映地层中孔隙结构的非均匀分布。应用双孔隙模型计算致密砂岩地层岩石骨架的弹性模量,与Krief及Pride等传统经验公式相比,该方法考虑了岩石骨架模量与矿物基质、孔隙度和孔隙结构等微观物性因素的关系,理论上更具有严谨性。对致密砂岩骨架模量计算结果的分析表明,少量微裂隙的存在即能够显著影响致密砂岩骨架的弹性性质,同时孔隙空间中的球形孔隙是致密气的主要赋存空间。并且,通过致密砂岩骨架弹性模量,进一步计算了可用于地层评价的Biot系数等岩石物理参数。致密砂岩骨架模量的预测结果可为Gassmann流体替换理论、BISQ孔隙弹性介质理论等岩石物理方法提供关键参数。 相似文献
13.
14.
15.
室内模拟试验是岩土力学与工程地质领域科学研究的重要手段之一。光纤传感测试是一种高精度、实时性、分布式和并行式的测试技术,构建物理模型试验光纤传感测试方法,推动了模拟试验技术的进步,为现场工程可以提供更可靠的指导。本文列举了常用模型试验光纤传感测试技术,综述了岩土力学与工程地质在5个方面应用模型试验光纤传感测试的进展,并对光纤传感器的结构形式、温度补偿、传感器标定、布设工艺等应用关键问题进行了总结,探讨了光纤与模型材料变形同步、协调和相容的关系。表明基于光纤传感技术的多尺度、多源信息模型试验研究将成为未来岩土力学与工程室内试验的热点。 相似文献
16.
滑坡预警系统是减少降雨型滑坡灾害的重要手段,其中针对具体单个滑坡失稳的预警系统,尽管具有较好的物理判断依据,但由于其构造机制较为复杂,目前仍然比较少见。基于无限边坡算法构建了较为简单的实验室降雨型滑坡技术性预警系统,并详细介绍了该系统的预警思路、预警时间计算原理、信息交流及反馈的实现。通过模型试验结果考察该预警系统在估算不同降雨强度及不同初始含水状态下滑坡失稳时间的表现,并对模型试验结果、预警能力进行分析。结果表明,基于无限边坡算法的预警系统的预警能力尽管受到降雨侵蚀、滑动面位置、初始含水状态的影响,但仍然具有较好的准确性。 相似文献
17.
A major challenge in seepage analysis is to locate the phreatic surface in an unconfined aquifer. The phreatic surface is unknown and assumed as a discontinuity separating the seepage domain into dry and wet parts, thus should be determined iteratively with special schemes. In this study, we systematically developed a new numerical manifold method (NMM) model for unconfined seepage analysis. The NMM is a general numerical method for modeling continuous and discontinuous deformation in a unified mathematical form. The novelty of our NMM model is rooted in the NMM two‐cover‐mesh system: the mathematical covers are fixed and the physical covers are adjusted with iterations to account for the discontinuity feature of the phreatic surface. We developed an energy‐work seepage model, which accommodates flexible approaches for boundary conditions and provides a form consistent with that in mechanical analysis with clarified physical meaning of the potential energy. In the framework of this energy‐work seepage model, we proposed a physical concept model (a pipe model) for constructing the penalty function used in the penalty method to uniformly deal with Dirichlet, Neumann, and material boundaries. The new NMM model was applied to study four example problems of unconfined seepage with varying geometric shape, boundary conditions, and material domains. The comparison of our simulation results to those of existing numerical models for these examples indicates that our NMM model can achieve a high accuracy and faster convergence speed with relatively coarse meshes. This NMM seepage model will be a key component of our future coupled hydro‐mechanical NMM model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
A. M. Awadalla 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》1990,8(4):319-331
Summary The effect of thermally induced stress on fractured granite is considered, using mathematics to solve an engineering problem that includes: (1) physical information translated into a mathematical form; (2) a mathematical model proposing a solution of the problem and (3) interpretation of the solution in physical terms.This procedure, applied to an engineering problem demonstrates that theory and its physical applications are related. 相似文献
19.
20.
Land degradation,natural resources and local knowledge in the sahel zone of Burkina Faso 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
This paper proposes a conceptual model that integrates physical and ecological aspects with human aspects of land degradation through a multidisciplinary approach. The model was applied at the local level in a case study in northern Burkina Faso. Assessments of the degradation of the vegetation cover from aerial photographs and a satellite image were analysed in the framework of the model. Another input to the model was results from interviews and field visits with peasants living in the area.The local knowledge of the physical symptoms of land degradation and of the physical variables, eg rainfall and wind, is very close to the scientific logic. However, people do not generally see the links between these variables and the symptoms. Likewise, they do not perceive land degradation to be influenced in any way by human actions. Instead, the cause of land degradation is attributed to God, Allah. Thus, an important field of intervention for governments and development agencies should be to make people aware of their role in land management. 相似文献