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1.
Summary This work presents a numerical study of non-reactive pollutant dispersion in sea breeze conditions. Sea breeze circulation is investigated using a 3-D mesoscale meteorological model. Simulation was conducted for the area of Tarragona (Spain) which has an important petrochemical industry in the coastal region and complex terrain. Results from the meteorological model were used as input to a Lagrangian particle model in order to analyze the pollutant dispersion of an elevated plume emitting near the shoreline. The simulation was performed for 24 h and an analysis of the meteorological and concentration fields was untertaken for this time period. The results are compared with measured surface data. Good correlation exists between observed and simulated conditions indicating that the coupling of the meteorological and particle models provides a good tool for analyzing air pollution in complex situations.With 13 Figures 相似文献
2.
复杂地形风场的精细数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
风能是一种重要气候资源,随着我国风电规模的迅速增大,发展风能资源评估系统和风功率预测系统已成为一项重要的研究内容。国内外对复杂地形风场结构的数值模拟有大量研究,随着计算机能力增强,以往用于空气动力学精细流场计算的计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)模式越来越多地在气象领域得到应用,人们开始研究用中尺度预报模式和CFD模式结合进行复杂地形风场的数值模拟。本文的耦合模式系统采用中尺度气象模式(WRF),通过嵌套网格到内层尺度(一般是几公里),然后通过耦合CFD模式Fluent软件获得高分辨率(水平30~100 m,垂直150 m高度以下10 m)的风速分布资料,得到精细化的风场信息。通过对鄱阳湖北部区域和云南杨梅山复杂地形的风场模拟,提供了风能评估和预报的一种可行的方法。 相似文献
3.
暴雨中尺度系统数值模拟与动力诊断研究 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
本文总结了近年来我们在暴雨中尺度系统数值模拟与动力诊断研究领域的主要成果。从广义位涡理论、梅雨锋及变形锋生、暴雨中尺度系统的不稳定性、有限区域风场分解技术对暴雨中尺度系统的识别、中尺度波流相互作用理论以及数值模拟研究等方面进行了分类概括。对暴雨中尺度系统数值模拟与动力诊断的研究回顾表明,雷达资料同化进入模式有效地改进了对中尺度系统发生、发展的模拟结果;一些新的物理量,如非均匀饱和位涡、对流涡度矢量、变形场锋生以及有限区域风场分解方法等在暴雨中尺度系统及热带对流发展诊断分析中得到了广泛应用。同时,波流相互作用理论也被应用到了中尺度系统发展的动力分析研究中。 相似文献
4.
为建立适合于广西的中尺度分析和诊断系统, 对历史资料进行客观分析和物理量诊断, 进一步做好预报服务, 提高预报水平, 建立了广西区域为中心的中尺度物理诊断历史资料库, 对中尺度天气过程的定量分析及预报诊断模式的开发和研究起到了积极的推动作用。 相似文献
5.
城市化所导致的下垫面的改变会直接影响局地气象。根据北京城市测绘院提供的北京市楼房建筑平均高度资料,利用中尺度数值模式(MM5V3)模拟了城市化进程引起的气象效应,并与奥林匹克公园站等6个地面观测资料进行了比较。结果表明:MM5V3可以很好地模拟下垫面类型改变导致的气象效应,城市升温效果获得了较好的体现,风速模拟值减小,风向的模拟得到较明显的改善,气压和风速的统计偏差也明显减小。分析结果还揭示了稳定天气条件下北京地区气象场的模拟及实时预报必须考虑精细化的地形及下垫面状况。 相似文献
6.
H. Hübener M. Schmidt M. Sogalla M. Kerschgens 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2005,80(2-4):153-167
Summary In this work, simulations with the mesoscale meteorological model FOOT3DK for a semi-arid research site in southern morocco are presented. The main aim of this study is to introduce two different ways to improve the soil moisture distribution towards a more realistic pattern. One of them resembles the availability of groundwater resources below the lower boundary of the soil part of the model, the other one resembles irrigation practices in the region. Additionally, we introduce a newly derived land use/land cover data set obtained from analysis of LANDSAT data and compare the simulation results to those obtained with the USGS GLCC data. To evaluate the results with the refinements in soil moisture and land use/land cover, we focus on evapotranspiration, as the quantity which is most tentative to the changes in soil moisture and is an important part of the local hydrological cycle. To evaluate the importance of sub-grid scale surface heterogeneity in soil moisture and land use/land cover, we present simulations with enhanced surface resolution. Simulation results are compared to point measurements at different sites in the research area for validation.The results show, that a deep groundwater table and irrigation of parts of the research area can be represented by the methods we used. Simulated transpiration is overestimated compared to measured values, but this is due to the maximum approach used in this work. Finer tuning of the artificial enhancement of soil moisture with the two methods presented here are expected to lead to realistic distributions of evapotranspiration and related quantities, therewith drastically enhancing simulation accuracy for this site. As uncertainties of soil moisture distribution and restricted representation of soil moisture dynamics in meteorological models is a common problem especially for arid and semi-arid sites, we expect our results to be useful for meteorological simulations in other arid or semi-arid areas as well. 相似文献
7.
R. Avissar M. D. Moran G. Wu R. N. Meroney R. A. Pielke 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1990,50(1-4):227-275
The operating ranges of mesoscale numerical models and meteorological wind tunnels for sea- and land-breeze simulations are defined in this paper based on a review of the theoretical and practical limitations of these two approaches. Numerical-model operating ranges are limited by the choice of governing equations, the numerical methods used to solve the governing equations, the scales of the surface or atmospheric forcing and the atmospheric response, the specified grid resolution and domain size, and the available computer resources. Wind-tunnel operating ranges are limited by the dimensions of the simulated circulations and of the tunnel itself, the tunnel flow speed and turbulence characteristics, the temperature gradients within the tunnel, the lack of Coriolis force and moist processes, and the characteristics of the measurement instrumentation. The operating ranges of these two simulation methods are shown to overlap. In this common range, results of simulations from both approaches can be compared so as to strengthen the validity of the results and to help in the development and improvement of parameterizations of physical processes in numerical models. In addition, the coupling of meteorological wind tunnels and mesoscale numerical models offers a larger range of operating conditions than can be achieved by either approach alone. Together, they can be used in a hybrid form to predict atmospheric conditions at the scale of a few meters for complex terrain (e.g., buildings, hills, etc.) within larger mesoscale atmospheric flow regimes. In the case of sea and land breezes, the sea-land transition zone and coastal internal boundary layer can be studied using both approaches. 相似文献
8.
Summary This paper summarizes results from a mesoscale modeling study to quantify the possible meteorological and energy-use impacts
of large-scale increases in surface albedo and vegetative fraction. Ten regions in the U.S. were characterized and simulated
in base- and modified-surface conditions. Time- and space-dependent meteorological variables were simulated for each region
in four 3-day episodes to represent a range of seasonal variations.
Using a simple interpolative procedure, a complete year of hourly weather data was created for each region (based on episodic
meteorological simulation results) and input into energy-use models. The modified weather input was used to assess the effects
of large-scale albedo and vegetative fraction changes on annual energy consumption in each of the ten areas targeted in this
study. The simulations suggest annual electricity savings of between 1and 6.7 kWh m−2 (of roof area) in residential neighborhoods and between 2 and 6.1 kWh m−2 in office areas, depending on region. Annual gas penalties amount to up to 34.8 MJ m−2 (of roof area) in residential neighborhoods and up to 21.1 MJ m−2 in office areas.
Received December 1, 1996 Revised May 11, 1998 相似文献
9.
新疆天山南麓一次冰雹天气成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规观测资料、NCEP 1°×1°的6h再分析资料和地面加密自动气象观测资料,分析了2010年5月15日发生在新疆沙雅县境内的一次强冰雹天气。分析显示,巴尔喀什湖低槽、冰雹区上游的中尺度切变线是冰雹天气的直接影响系统,其水汽源于塔里木盆地西部和中部地区,水汽在低层集中和输送,冰雹区上空的辐合上升运动为冰雹出现提供了水汽和动力条件,强冰雹产生在地面高能区附近,冰雹发生前低层和整层大气存在不稳定能量。此次强冰雹过程中对应地面上有中尺度低压、中尺度辐合线和中尺度涡旋,强冰雹是由γ中尺度对流单体产生的,中尺度辐合线维持5h,中尺度涡旋维持3h,γ中尺度对流单体的生命史为30min左右。 相似文献
10.
利用合成分析方法检验了一次华南暴雨的三维气象要素场的分布。发现一个具有微冷锋特徵的辐合线是造成这次暴雨的主要中系统。在低层,暴雨区的后部存在着弱下沉气流,并导致了一个相应的低层冷区和地面弱流出辐散气流。中、高层是一中尺度暖区。暴雨区介于天气尺度高、低空急流之间,并且有向着最大上升区移动的趋势。 相似文献
11.
Ning Zhang Quinton L. Williams Heping Liu 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2010,102(3-4):307-317
Landscape heterogeneity that causes surface flux variability plays a very important role in triggering mesoscale atmospheric circulations and convective weather processes. In most mesoscale numerical models, however, subgrid-scale heterogeneity is somewhat smoothed or not adequately accounted for, leading to artificial changes in heterogeneity patterns (e.g., patterns of land cover, land use, terrain, and soil types and soil moisture). At the domain-wide scale, the combination of losses in subgrid-scale heterogeneity from many adjacent grids may artificially produce larger-scale, more homogeneous landscapes. Therefore, increased grid spacing in models may result in increased losses in landscape heterogeneity. Using the Weather Research and Forecasting model in this paper, we design a number of experiments to examine the effects of such artificial changes in heterogeneity patterns on numerical simulations of surface flux exchanges, near-surface meteorological fields, atmospheric planetary boundary layer (PBL) processes, mesoscale circulations, and mesoscale fluxes. Our results indicate that the increased heterogeneity losses in the model lead to substantial, nonlinear changes in temporal evaluations and spatial patterns of PBL dynamic and thermodynamic processes. The decreased heterogeneity favor developments of more organized mesoscale circulations, leading to enhanced mesoscale fluxes and, in turn, the vertical transport of heat and moisture. This effect is more pronounced in the areas with greater surface heterogeneity. Since more homogeneous land-surface characteristics are created in regional models with greater surface grid scales, these artificial mesoscale fluxes may have significant impacts on simulations of larger-scale atmospheric processes. 相似文献
12.
Asian dust events occurred in Asia during March 2010 were simulated using the Asian Dust Aerosol Model 2 (ADAM2). The performance of the model for simulations of surface dust concentrations and dust event occurrences was tested at several monitoring sites located in the dust source region and the downstream region of Korea. The observed and modeled dust event occurrences at each monitoring site were defined with the hourly observed and modeled dust concentrations that were used to evaluate the performance of the model by constructing a contingency table for the dust event occurrence. It was found that the model simulated quite well the starting and ending times of dust events with their peak dust concentrations for most dust events occurred both in the dust source region and the downstream region of Korea. However, the model failed to simulate a few dust events observed in both regions mainly due to the inaccurate simulations of the meteorological fields. Inaccurate simulations of wind speeds have caused for the model to simulate dust events poorly in the dust source region whereas poor simulations of precipitation of the fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5) model have led to miss dust events in the downstream region of Korea. The contingency table made with the hourly data for the dust event occurrence made it possible to evaluate the ADAM2 model for the simulation of the dust event occurrence. It was found that the model has the probabilistic simulation capability for dust events of about 78% with the hit rate of more than 83% and the false alarm rate of about 27% for the dust events occurred during March in 2010. The probabilistic capability of the model could be much improved by improving the meteorological model (MM5 model). 相似文献
13.
基于MODIS数据的土地覆盖资料对长三角城市群区域夏季高温模拟的影响评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
随着长三角地区经济发展的同时,人类活动对自然环境产生了很大影响,其中土地覆盖状况变化显著,尤以城市化扩展为主。为了评估土地覆盖资料对天气过程的数值模拟影响,了解土地覆盖变化对区域气象环境产生的作用,本文利用中尺度数值天气模式WRFV3.0/Noah/UCM,选取2005年250 m分辨率的MOD IS数据制作土地覆盖资料,针对2007年7月长三角地区一次夏季高温过程进行数值试验,分析表明:新的土地覆盖资料更真实地反映了长三角地区的下垫面结构,尤其体现出区域内城市群面积快速增长的特征。将模拟结果与高分辨率的气象站观测资料对比,统计结果显示精细化土地覆盖资料的引入明显改善了模拟效果,较真实的反映出城市化发展对区域气象环境的影响作用。 相似文献
14.
华南前汛期暖区暴雨流场结构的特征 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
采用国家气象中心整编的１９５１－１９９０年中国１６０测站的月平均温度和月总降水量资料以及北半球５００ｈＰａ月平均高度场和海平面气压场资料，讨论近４０年来中国气候型转变与北半球大气环流特征的变化关系。 相似文献
15.
An adjoint sensitivity analysis of one mesoscale low on the mei-yu Front is presented in this paper. The sensitivity gradient of simulation error dry energy with respect to initial analysis is calculated. And after verifying the ability of a tangent linear and adjoint model to describe small perturbations in the nonlinear model, the sensitivity gradient analysis is implemented in detail. The sensitivity gradient with respect to different physical fields are not uniform in intensity, simulation error is most sensitive to the vapor mixed ratio. The localization and consistency are obvious characters of horizontal distribution of the sensitivity gradient, which is useful for the practical implementation of adaptive observation. The sensitivity region tilts to the northwest with height increasing; the singular vector calculation proves that this tilting characterizes a quick-growing structure, which denotes that using the leading singular vectors to decide the adaptive observation region is proper. When connected with simulation of a mesoscale low on the mei-yu Front, the sensitivity gradient has the following physical characters： the obvious sensitive region is mesoscale, concentrated in the middle-upper troposphere, and locates around the key system; and the sensitivity gradient of different physical fields correlates dynamically. 相似文献
16.
An adjoint sensitivity analysis of one mesoscale low on the mei-yu Front is presented in this paper.The sensitivity gradient of simulation error dry energy with respect to initial analysis is calculated. And after verifying the ability of a tangent linear and adjoint model to describe small perturbations in the nonlinear model, the sensitivity gradient analysis is implemented in detail. The sensitivity gradient with respect to different physical fields are not uniform in intensity, simulation error is most sensitive to the vapor mixed ratio. The localization and consistency are obvious characters of horizontal distribution of the sensitivity gradient, which is useful for the practical implementation of adaptive observation. The sensitivity region tilts to the northwest with height increasing; the singular vector calculation proves that this tilting characterizes a quick-growing structure, which denotes that using the leading singular vectors to decide the adaptive observation region is proper. When connected with simulation of a mesoscale low on the mei-yu Front, the sensitivity gradient has the following physical characters: the obvious sensitive region is mesoscale, concentrated in the middle-upper troposphere, and locates around the key system; and the sensitivity gradient of different physical fields correlates dynamically. 相似文献
17.
本文用甘肃省暴雨、冰雹中尺度试验期间（1979—1980年）的资料，按不同的大尺度流型，对典型例子分类。然后将其逐时地面中尺度气象场平均后作诊断分析，并配合相应时刻的雷达回波、阵雨和降雹概率，得出两种结构不同的移动性雹暴中系统生命过程模式。物理量诊断表明，散度、湿静力温度平流和垂直速度与雹暴关系较好，雹暴中系统的面积辐合具有数小时的先兆性，可作为强对流天气短时预报因子。 相似文献
18.
自动气象站综合探测网的构建 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
简要介绍了我国地面气象观测中并存的两种类型自动气象站组网模式,分析了两种组网模式的产生背景、现状,以及两种组网模式在提高地面气象观测网密度、自动化程度和观测精度方面所发挥的重要作用。根据两种组网模式在2004年以来江西省的实际应用情况,对遇到的自动站资料综合应用、综合观测系统的设计问题,提出了建立综合探测网,利用多种探测资料同化形成气象再分析场,从而为中尺度强对流天气预警监测提供服务的设想。 相似文献
19.
中尺度模式不同分辨率下大气多尺度特征模拟能力分析 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本文利用不同水平分辨率下的中尺度大气数值模式ARPS (Advanced Regional Prediction System) 模拟我国内蒙古奈曼旗农牧交错带2001年7月23日18时至27日18时天气演变过程, 以研究中尺度模式水平分辨率提高对多种时空尺度天气过程, 尤其是更小时空尺度过程的模拟改进。为此, 本文提取不同分辨率下u、v、w、θ、p气象要素的模拟结果进行分析。秩和检验和方差分析表明, 模式分辨率提高对气象五要素的模拟具有一定的影响, 但对不同要素的影响程度有所不同, 其中, 对p、θ、w影响最大, 对u、v的影响次之, 对流层下部和边界层对分辨率最为敏感, 对流层中上部次之。谱分析和小波分析都表明分辨率的提高有利于再现大气运动的多尺度特征, 但在不同大气分层和不同模式变量中又有所不同。总的来说, 高层效果好于低层, 具有强周期变化规律的变量效果好于周期性弱的变量。 相似文献