共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
对伊豆-小笠原海脊(ODP 782A孔)上新世以来沉积物中黏土矿物的组成、含量及矿物学特征进行了分析,结果表明:黏土矿物以伊利石(42%)和蒙皂石(42%)为主,绿泥石的平均含量为14%,高岭石的含量最低,平均仅为2%。伊利石的结晶度较好,平均为0.25°Δ2θ;化学指数较低,平均为0.31;表明伊利石主要形成于干冷的气候环境。通过将ODP 782A孔黏土矿物组合特征和含量与周边可能源区对比,并结合伊利石和蒙皂石的矿物学参数特征,我们认为蒙皂石主要来源于伊豆-小笠原海脊周边岛弧火山物质;伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石主要来自亚洲大陆风尘。上新世以来(伊利石+绿泥石)/蒙皂石比值总体上呈增加的趋势,并且在5.3~3.6、3.6~1.6、1.6~0 Ma的三个阶段表现出不同的变化特征,该比值与全球深海δ18O值所记录的全球变冷、北太平洋ODP 885/886孔风尘通量和灵台黄土沉积速率,以及日本海U1430站伊利石/蒙皂石比值所指示的亚洲内陆干旱变化的总体变化趋势和阶段性变化的时间点大致同步,表明该比值敏感地响应了全球变冷和亚洲内陆的干旱。上新世以来(伊利石+绿泥石)/高岭石比值表现为高/低交替变化,分别与中国灵台黄土磁化率高/低变化相对应,由于黄土磁化率记录了亚洲内陆干/湿变化,因此该黏土矿物比值敏感地响应了亚洲内陆的古气候变化,因而可以作为可靠的亚洲大陆干/湿变化示踪指标。 相似文献
2.
南海渐新世以来粘土矿物的演变特征及意义 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
通过对南海北部ODP184航次1148站32.8Ma以来深海沉积物中粘土矿物组成及其变化特征的分析,发现以15.5Ma为界,下部沉积物粘土矿物组成中蒙脱石含量高达70%,上部则以伊利石和绿泥石逐步增高、蒙脱石含量明显下降为特征,揭示出该区深海沉积物中粘土矿物演变可以分为32.8～15.5Ma的构造控制期和15.5Ma以来的气候控制期。在构造控制期,粘土矿物成分记录了南海扩张演变的历史;而在气候控制期,粘土矿物特征除反映出南海北部周边总体降温的过程外,还显示了3Ma的突然降温,与该站底栖有孔虫氧同位素资料反映的全球气候变化具有很好的对比性。 相似文献
3.
南海北部中新世以来粘土矿物特征及东亚古季风记录 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM) 和X射线能谱(EDS) 分析技术对南海北部ODP1146站中新世以来(~20 Ma) 粘土矿物的组成、结晶学特征、微形貌和化学成分进行了研究, 分析了粘土矿物的物质来源及其记录的东亚季风演化历史.1146站粘土矿物组合的总体特点是以伊利石和蒙脱石为主, 高岭石和绿泥石含量较低.物源分析表明, 1146站蒙脱石主要来自于吕宋岛, 伊利石和绿泥石来自于珠江和台湾(长江), 而高岭石则主要来自于珠江.1146站的粘土矿物不仅被南海周围物源的同时代气候所控制, 而且为相互消长的不同传输作用(表层洋流) 的强度所影响.1146站(伊利石+绿泥石) /蒙脱石比值可以用来作为东亚季风演化的矿物学标志.指标变化显示出东亚冬季风强度和冬季风相对夏季风的强度在15 Ma、8 Ma和3 Ma左右发生了3次显著加强, 结果可以与黄土、北太平洋风尘沉积、南海微体古生物记录等很好对比.青藏高原的阶段性隆升可能促进了东亚季风的这3次加强. 相似文献
4.
Characteristics of Clay Minerals in the Northern South China Sea and Its Implications for Evolution of East Asian Monsoon since Miocene 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Clay mineral assemblages, crystallinity, chemistry, and micromorphology of clay particles in sediments from ODP Site 1146 in the northern South China Sea (SCS) were analyzed, and used to trace sediment sources and obtain proxy records of the past changes in the East Asian monsoon climate since the Miocene, based on a multi-approach, including X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (SEM-EDS). Clay minerals consist mainly of illite and smectite, with associated chlorite and kaolinite. The illite at ODP Site 1146 has very well-to-well crystallinity, and smectite has moderate-to-poor crystallinity. In SEM the smectite particles at ODP Site 1146 often appear cauliflower-like, a typical micromorphology of volcanic smecites. The smectite at ODP Site 1146 is relatively rich in Si element, but poor in Fe, very similar to the smectite from the West Philippine Sea. In contrast, the chemical composition of illite at ODP Site 1146 has no obvious differences from those of the Loess plateau, Yellow River, Yangtze River, and Pearl River. A further study on sediment source indicates that smectite originates mainly from Luzon, kaolinite from the Pearl River, and illite and chlorite from the Pearl River, Taiwan and/or the Yangtze River. The clay mineral assemblages at ODP Site 1146 were not only controlled by continental eathering regimes surrounding the SCS, but also by the changing strength of the transport processes. The ratios of (illite+chlorite)/smectite at ODP Site 1146 were adopted as proxies for the East Asian monsoon evolution. Relatively higher ratios reflect strongly intensified winter monsoon relative to summer monsoon, in contrast, lower ratios indicate a strengthened summer monsoon relative to winter monsoon. The consistent variation of this clay proxy from those of Loess plateau, eolian deposition in the North Pacific, planktonic, benthic foraminifera, and black carbon in the SCS since 20 Ma shows that three profound shifts of the East Asian winter monsoon intensity, and aridity in the Asian inland and the intensity of winter monsoon relative to summer monsoon, occurred at about 15 Ma, 8 Ma, and the younger at about 3 Ma. The phased uplift of the Himalaya-Tibetan plateau may have played a significant role in strengthening the Asian monsoon at 15 Ma, 8 Ma, and 3 Ma. 相似文献
5.
SONG Eping ZHANG Kexin CHEN Jiangjun WANG Chaowen JIANG Gaolei YIN Ke HONG Hanlie CHURCHMAN Jock Gordon 《《地质学报》英文版》2014,88(5):1579-1591
This study collected the early Oligocene to middle Miocene sediments from the Gerze Basin of Tibet, and used X-Ray diffraction （XRD） and Scanning Electron Microscope （SEM） to discuss their clay mineralolgy, clay indices, better understand the clay mineralogy and its paleoclimatic significance. The results show that clay minerals of the Gerze Basin sediments are mainly composed of iilite and chlorite, with minor amounts of smectite and kaolinite, and their relative content varies along the section. Variations of relative contents and clay indices suggest that the Gerze Basin has experienced three-stage evolution of paleoclimate： I ） high ilUte and chlorite contents, with fluctuant smectite and low （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio, indicative of a dominant seasonal arid climate from the early Oligoeene to late Oligocene; Ⅱ） higher illite and chlorite contents and larger （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratio but absence of kaolinite, indicating a colder and drier climate from the late Oligocene to early Miocene; Ⅲ） high iilite and chlorite contents with fluctuant （I＋Ch）/（K＋S） ratios and occasional occurrence of kaolinite, suggesting that the climate became warmer and more humid compared with that of stage Ⅱ in the mid-Miocene. These conclusions were also reinforced by the clay morphology, which suggests that physical weathering dominated in stage Ⅱ, while relatively strong chemical weathering was dominant in stages Ⅰ and Ⅲ Clay minerals of the sediments mainly consist of illite and chlorite, indicating that the source rock played a significant role in clay origin. It is inferred that global cooling and the enhancement of denudation and obstruction of northward moisture due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were responsible for the provenance of iUite and chlorite under weak chemical weathering. Though the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau reached a certain elevation by the mid-Miocene, yet the mid-Miocene widespread warming might have largely impacted the Gerze climate. 相似文献
6.
为揭示伦坡拉盆地渐新世—中新世之交黏土矿物蕴含的古气候信息,探讨其与青藏高原隆升及全球气候响应过程的关系,利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱分析对蒋日阿错剖面的黏土矿物特征进行了深入研究。结果表明:区内泥质岩中黏土矿物以伊/蒙混层矿物为主,伊利石次之,仅含有少量绿泥石和蒙脱石。黏土矿物的垂向组合特征显示伊利石和绿泥石含量在剖面下部低、上部高,伊/蒙混层含量与之相反,伊/蒙混层和伊利石在剖面中部呈明显波动变化,蒙脱石只出现在剖面中下部,可能为区域火山喷发产物在碱性环境中蚀变而成。伊利石结晶度变化于0.24°~0.48°,平均值为0.41°,表明样品未发生明显成岩蚀变,主微量元素比值指示研究区物源位置未发生较大改变,因此研究剖面黏土矿物特征可以有效反映伦坡拉盆地古气候演化过程。根据自生黏土矿物的习性指出伦坡拉盆地在渐新世—中新世之交出现了一次明显的降温事件,并且这次降温在青藏高原内部及周缘地区普遍存在,但造成这次降温事件的根本原因仍值得进一步探讨。 相似文献
7.
台湾海峡表层沉积物中黏土矿物特征及物质来源 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用X射线衍射仪,对比分析台湾海峡及周边表层沉积物的黏土矿物特征,讨论长江、福建和台湾河流对海峡黏土矿物的贡献程度。福建河流（闽江）的黏土矿物以高岭石为主（>40％）,其次是伊利石（30％）和绿泥石,不含蒙脱石;长江和浙闽泥质区的黏土矿物特征是伊利石含量最高（61％～66％）,其次是绿泥石（16％～17％）和高岭石（10％～13％）,少量蒙脱石（6％～9％）。台湾河流（浊水溪）黏土矿物组合为伊利石（>70％）和绿泥石,不含高岭石和蒙脱石为特征。台湾海峡高岭石含量由西向东明显减少,说明高岭石主要来自福建的河流。〖JP2〗台湾海峡50 m等深线以东区域的黏土矿物具有高的伊利石和绿泥石含量,低的蒙脱石和高岭石含量,且伊利石的化学指数和结晶度值都明显低于长江和福建的河流,反映台湾河流的物质来源。在台湾暖流作用下,台湾河流为台湾海峡中北部提供了大量的伊利石和绿泥石。福建近海的黏土矿物主要是由福建河流提供的,但在平潭岛周边海域的黏土矿物可能有长江物质的混合。〖JP〗 相似文献
8.
Climate evolution associated with the uplift in Gyirong, southern margin of the Tibetan plateau, was investigated based on
the clay mineralogy of the Gyirong sediments, using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy methods. The (chlorite + illite)/(kaolinite + smectite)
ratio and the illite crystallinity index suggest the trend of paleoclimate evolution in Gyirong basin during ~7–1.7 Ma BP,
with a warm and humid climate in ~7.0–5.8 Ma, a relative cool and dry climate in ~5.8–5.5 Ma, a relative warm and humid climate
in ~5.5–2.5 Ma, and a much warmer climate in ~2.5–1.7 Ma, respectively. The fluctuating kaolinite/smectite index and calcite
content and the frequent occurrence of gypsum in the episode of ~6.7–5.5 Ma suggest intense climatic fluctuations between
humid and more seasonal humid conditions. Five peaks exhibit at 5.8, 4.9, 4.3, 3.6, and 2.5 Ma in the curves of illite and
chlorite content and illite crystallinity. The intense uplift and tectonic-forced cooling at ~5.8 and 4.3 Ma were indicated
by the high-illite crystallinity index and illite and chlorite content. A remarkable increase in illite and chlorite content
associated with only little increase in illite crystallinity at ~3.6 Ma indicates a rapid uplift, but no significant climate
change. And a sharp increase in illite crystallinity, while small change in illite and chlorite content at ~2.5 Ma suggests
that no remarkable relief was produced by the uplift, which may take place in the whole south Tibet plateau, while cooling
at 4.9 Ma is probably a record of the global climate cooling. 相似文献
9.
10.
采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析方法,对兰州盆地永登剖面晚古新世—早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物的相对含量、伊利石结晶度、显微形貌及其古气候意义进行深入研究。结果表明:晚古新世—早渐新世沉积物中粘土矿物主要为伊利石、蒙脱石、绿泥石和少量的坡缕石,其中伊利石的含量最高,而且从晚古新世到早渐新世,沉积物中伊利石的含量呈明显升高的趋势,蒙脱石则呈明显减少的趋势;在大约55 Ma处伊利石含量急剧减小,而蒙脱石含量急剧增大。此外,可见到毛发状的自生坡缕石沿蒙脱石晶片边缘交代生长,而碎屑成因的坡缕石则主要呈破碎的短棒状。粘土矿物分布特征表明,兰州盆地晚古新世—早渐新世的古气候以干旱为主导,并且经历了由相对温暖湿润到半干旱半湿润或干旱炎热的转变,这种气候转型主要受全球气候的影响,即受行星风系的控制;而在大约55 Ma处伊利石、蒙脱石的含量变化则记录了全球性的PETM事件。 相似文献
11.
Kamlesh Verma Sanjeeb Bhattacharya P. Biswas Prakash K. Shrivastava Mayuri Pandey N. C. Pant IODP Expedition Scientific Party 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》2014,103(8):2315-2326
Core U1359 collected from the continental rise off Wilkes Land, east Antarctica, is analyzed for the clay mineralogy and carbon content. The temporal variation of the clay mineralogical data shows a dominance of illite with chlorite, smectite and kaolinite in decreasing concentration. Clay mineral illite is negatively correlated with smectite which shows enrichment during 6.2–6.8, 5.5–5.8, 4.5 and 2.5 Ma. The mineralogical analyses on the silt size fraction (2–53 μm) of some selected samples were also carried out. The combined result of both the size fractions shows the presence of chlorite and illite in both size fractions, smectite and kaolinite only in clay size fraction (<2 μm) and similarity in the crystallinity and chemistry of illite in both fractions. Similar nature of illite in both fractions suggests negligible role of sorting probably due to the deposition from the waxing ice sheet. During times of ice growth, nearby cratonic east Antarctica shield provided biotite-rich sediments to the depositional site. On the other hand, the presence of smectite, only in the clay size fraction, suggests the effective role of sorting probably due to the deposition from distal source in ice retreat condition. During times of ice retreat, smectite-rich sediment derived from Ross Orogen is transported to the core site through surface or bottom water currents. Poor crystallinity of illite due to degradation further corroborates the ice retreat condition. The ice sheet proximal sediments of U1359 show that in the eastern part of Wilkes Land, the ‘warming’ was initiated during late Miocene. 相似文献
12.
为揭示循化盆地沉积物对古气候及青藏高原隆升过程的指示作用, 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)方法对循化盆地中新世沉积物中粘土矿物组成、微观形貌进行了深入研究.结果表明, 沉积物中粘土矿物以伊利石、蒙脱石为主, 绿泥石、高岭石和坡缕石含量较低; 粘土矿物相对含量及伊利石结晶度变化特征指示, 在23.1~21.2 Ma期间, 古气候以温暖潮湿为主; 21.2~14.3 Ma期间古气候以冷干为主, 出现短暂的相对暖湿时段; 14.3~10.6 Ma期间, 古气候以相对暖湿为主; 10.6~9.3 Ma时期, 气候以冷干为主; 9.3~5.2 Ma期间, 气候虽有冷干与暖湿波动, 但总体上以暖湿为主.在21.2 Ma和5.8 Ma时期发生的明显强降温事件, 可能与青藏高原的阶段性隆升有关. 相似文献
13.
根据岩石薄片、Ｘ衍射和扫描电镜分析资料,本文研究了巴州坳陷下白垩统—中侏罗统粘土矿物特征,发现粘土矿物分为伊利石、伊／蒙混层和绿泥石三种类型。粘土矿物的类型和含量随深度而变化,形成了伊／蒙混层带、混层迅速转化带和伊利石带。粘土矿物的转化和自生粘土矿物的形成是沉积地层非常重要的成岩变化。 相似文献
14.
始新世—渐新世是新生代气候从“温室”向“冰室”转变的重要节点，也是青藏高原及邻区气候格局发生重大变革的关键时期。为了重建高原中部腹地始新世—渐新世的古气候演变特征，探讨古气候变化的控制因素，利用X射线衍射分析对高原中部伦坡拉盆地382道班剖面的黏土矿物特征进行了综合研究，结果显示，伦坡拉盆地在始新世—渐新世牛堡组二段沉积的黏土矿物主要以伊利石为主，伊/蒙混层次之，高岭石与绿泥石含量极少，蒙脱石仅出现在极少样品中。黏土矿物类型及组合特征指示伦坡拉盆地在该时期整体处于寒冷干旱的气候条件，但在长周期趋势下伊利石相对含量逐渐减少，伊/蒙混层逐渐增多，显示出青藏高原中部地区的气候系统在晚始新世—早渐新世时期存在向更加湿润的气候条件转变，这种气候系统的改变可能与南亚季风在晚始新世的演化所带来的更多水汽条件和青藏高原中部中央分水岭的形成有关，但在始新世与渐新世之交，伊利石含量陡然增多，而伊/蒙混层含量则减少，且两者频繁波动，这反映了该盆地在EOT时期受到全球降温的影响。 相似文献
15.
The causes of Antarctic glaciation are analyzed by means of numeral experiments based on the three-dimensional thermodynamic model of a large ice sheet. Refrigeration of the climate between the Eocene and the Oligocene was due to the opening of the passage south of Australia and to the formation of the South Ring Stream. Calculations have shown that this led to the development of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet which might have existed in spite of relatively high temperatures of the surrounding ocean air. A new cooling of the climate in the Middle Miocene is connected with the fact that the South Ring Stream found its way through the Drake Passage glaciers spreading on to the Western Antarctic. Between Miocene and Pliocene, glaciation of the South Polar regions was at its maximum due to the regression of the world ocean. In Quaternary time, sea level was lowering due to the glaciation of the Northern Hemisphere, which resulted in glacier growth in the Antarctic. The anticipated warming of the climate due to the activity of man is not likely to bring about any considerable change in the size of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. 相似文献
16.
Industrial uranium orebodies have recently been found through in-depth uranium exploration in the Luohe Formation in the southwestern Ordos Basin, which is an important breakthrough in deep prospecting for sandstone-type uranium deposits. The composition, content and characteristics of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation in the Zhenyuan area were systematically studied by means of thin section identification, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and altered mineral spectral scanning. Unlike the most important uranium-bearing rock series in the Zhiluo Formation in the northeast and southwest of the basin, the ore-bearing Luohe Formation sandstone has low contents of clay minerals while the clay mineral assemblages vary in different sand bodies. Among them, the main types of mudstone, oxidized sandstone, calcareous sandstone and mineralized sandstone are illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral and illite, followed by kaolinite and chlorite, the main types uranium-rich sandstone and gray-green sandstone are kaolinite and illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, followed by illite and chlorite. Even though adsorption of clay minerals, such as chlorite, illite-smectite mixed-layer mineral, kaolinite, and illite may contribute to U enrichment and uranium mineral precipitation, no correlation between clays and uranium minerals have been observed, indicating that clay minerals are not the main factor affecting uranium enrichment during the deep metallogenic process. The study of clay minerals in the Luohe Formation sandstone demonstrated that there are at least two phases of chlorite and one phase of kaolinite in the study area, which respectively represent two phases of alkaline fluid and one phase of acid fluid activities, revealing a fluid phase transition of alkaline-acidic-alkaline. Therefore, the clay minerals can be used as an important indicator for uranium mineralization. © 2020, Science Press. All right reserved. 相似文献
17.
This paper presents a review of hydrothermal alteration and K–Ar age data from the Toyoha‐Muine area (TMA), where the Toyoha polymetallic (Ag–Pb–Zn–Cu–In) deposit is located near the Pliocene andesitic volcano that formed Mt Muine. Systematic prospect‐scale mapping, sampling, X‐ray analysis and microscopic observation show that hydrothermal alteration is divided into two groups: acid‐pH and neutral‐pH alteration types. The former is further divided into mineral assemblages I, II and III, while the latter into mineral assemblages IV and V. Different mineralogical features in five mineral assemblages are summarized as follows: (I) Quartz (silicified rock); (II) Pyrophyllite or dickite; (III) Kaolinite or halloysite ± alunite; (IV) Sericite or K‐feldspar; and (V) Interstratified minerals (illite/smectite and chlorite/smectite) and/or smectite. K–Ar radiometric ages determined on twenty‐eight K‐bearing samples (whole volcanic rocks and separated hydrothermal minerals) mainly fall into one of three periods: Early Miocene (24.6–21.4 Ma), Middle–Late Miocene (12.5–8.4 Ma) and Pliocene–Pleistocene (3.2–0 Ma). These three periods are characterized as follows. Early Miocene: A minor hydrothermal activity, which might be genetically related to the intermediate or felsic magmatic activities, formed mineral assemblage IV at 24.6 Ma in the northern part of the TMA. Middle to Late Miocene: The basaltic intrusion, andesitic eruption, and granodiorite intrusions induced hydrothermal activities between 12.5 and 8.4 Ma, resulting in the formation of a mineral assemblage IV with some base metal mineralization. Pliocene–Pleistocene: An andesitic eruption formed Mt Muine between 3.2 and 2.9 Ma. The andesitic activity was associated with acid‐pH mineral assemblages I, II and III locally around the volcano. Latent magmatic intrusions subsequent to the andesitic eruption generated hydrothermal activities that formed mineral assemblages IV and V between 1.9 and 0 Ma in the southern and southeastern parts of Toyoha deposit at depth, overprinting the Middle to Late Miocene alteration. The hydrothermal activities also formed mineral assemblages I, II and III along the Yunosawa fault (east of the Toyoha deposit) and assemblage III in the south and southeast of the Toyoha deposit near the surface. 相似文献
18.
T. Sionneau V. Bout-Roumazeilles P.E. Biscaye B. Van Vliet-Lanoe A. Bory 《Quaternary Science Reviews》2008,27(17-18):1740-1751
Maps of the distributions of the four major clay minerals (smectite, illite, kaolinite and chlorite) in and around the Mississippi River drainage basin and in the Northern Gulf of Mexico have been produced using newly acquired data from erodible/alluvial terrestrial sediments and marine surface sediments, as well as from previously published data. East of the Rockies, North America can be divided into four, large, clay-mineral provinces: (1) the north-western Mississippi River watershed (smectite rich), (2) the Great Lakes area and eastern Mississippi River watershed (illite and chlorite rich), (3) the south-eastern United States (kaolinite rich) and (4) the Brazos River and south-western Mississippi River watersheds (illite and kaolinite rich). The clay mineral distributions in surface sediments of the present-day Gulf of Mexico are strongly influenced by three main factors: (1) by relative fluvial contributions: the Mississippi River delivers the bulk of the clay input to the Northern Gulf of Mexico whereas the Apalachicola, Mobile, Brazos and Rio Grande rivers inputs have more local influences; (2) by differential settling of various clay mineral species, which is identified for the first time in Northern Gulf of Mexico sediments; and (3) by oceanic current transport: the Gulf of Mexico surface and subsurface circulation distributes the clay-rich sediments from river mouth sources throughout the Northern Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
19.
Petrology and sedimentation of the middle siwalik clays at dholkhand,saharanpur district,U.P., India
Nityananda Bhattacharya Sarada Saran Misra 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1963,9(2):139-147
The Middle Siwalik clays at Dholkhand, Saharanpur district, U. P., in India were studied to investigate the nature of Siwalik (middle Miocene to lower Pleistocene) sedimentation in relation to the tectonism associated with the Himalayan orogenesis. The clays are reddish brown to buff in color containing montmorillonite, expandable mixed-layers, degraded chlorite, and illite. The clays were studied byX-ray diffractometry using standard techniques with copper radiation. The clay mineral distribution of the Middle Siwaliks indicates that the material was deposited under continental conditions in stream channels during periods of minimum current activity. The clays were deposited by slow sedimentation and are little affected by diagenesis. Further work in this area and elsewhere are now under progress to establish the relation of Siwalik sedimentation with the uplift of the Himalayas in the Tertiary period. 相似文献
20.
E. I. Enu 《Geological Journal》1986,21(2):93-99
The Late Cretaceous sedimentary sequence in the Upper Benue Trough consists of seven formations. Outcrop samples from the type localities of these units were analysed by X-ray diffraction for their day mineral content. The composition and distribution of the clay minerals are influenced by tectonics, relief and water depth. Three main depositional phases are recognizable on the basis of clay mineral assemblages, two of which are associated with tectonic movements. The first phase, characterized by the presence of chlorite, illite, kaolinite and mixed-layer clays is common to Albian-Cenomanian sediments. This phase is succeeded by mixed-layer clays and smectite-rich, Turonian-Early Santonian sediments. The re-occurrence of chlorite and illite in association with kaolinite and mixed-layer clays in the Post-Santonian sediments constitutes the third depositional phase. These clay mineral assemblages are indicative of two periods of tectonism (Albian and Late Santonian) and an intervening Turonian-Early Santonian period of quiescence in the Upper Benue Trough. 相似文献