共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Prony filtering is a method of seismic data processing which can be used to solve various geological and production tasks, involving an analysis of target horizons characteristics and a prediction of possible productive zones. This method is based on decomposing the observed seismic signals by exponentially damped cosines at short-time intervals. As a result, a discrete Prony spectrum including values of four parameters (amplitude, damping factor, frequency, phase) can be created. This decomposition occurs at many short-time intervals moving along an observed trace. The combined Prony spectrum of the trace can be used to create images of the trace through a selection of some values of the parameters. These images created for all traces of a seismic section provide an opportunity for locating zones of frequency-dependent anomalous scattering and absorption of seismic energy. Subsequently, the zones can be correlated with target seismic horizons. Analysis and interpretation of these zones may promote understanding of the target horizons features and help to connect these features with the presence of possible reservoirs. 相似文献
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数学形态学是一门新兴科学,它建立在严格的数学理论基础之上,是研究数字信号（图像）形态结构特征及其快速并行处理方法的理论,已经成功应用于图像处理、医学信号处理和语音信号处理等领域.地震信号去噪处理和裂缝检测的研究一直都是地质学家和油气藏工程学家感兴趣的问题.本文将数学形态学与地震信号处理相结合,重点探讨了数学形态学在地震信号处理中的应用,针对地震信号的特点,设计了形态滤波器,应用于合成地震资料,得到了理想的结果.在此基础上,本文研究并构造了形态学边缘检测算子,通过理论和实际资料检验,该方法具有良好适用性.以上研究表明,基于形态学的地震信号处理是可行的,具有推广应用前景. 相似文献
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This paper examines those aspects of reflection seismology which require special consideration when imaging deeper hydrocarbon reservoirs, including the constraints imposed by vertical resolution, lateral resolution, and velocity analysis. We derive quantitative expressions relating the uncertainties in stacking velocities and in interval velocities derived from stacking velocities to acquisition parameters, as well as expressions for the lateral resolution which can theoretically be achieved for migrated seismic images. This analysis shows that the most significant limitations of seismic imaging at depth involve the finite lateral resolution of the seismic method, and the proper lateral positioning of seismic images. These difficulties are overcome in large measure through the proper migration of a seismic dataset, which becomes more critical as deeper horizons are imaged. If these horizons are suspected of having significant 3-D structure, a strong argument may be made for acquiring a 3-D seismic survey over the prospect. Migration of this dataset will then generate an image of the subsurface with good lateral resolution in both the X and Y directions. 相似文献
4.
利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面图像信噪比 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
提出了利用数字图像处理技术提高地震剖面信噪比的新方法，首先根据数字图像处理要求的格式，对地震剖面数据进行转换，得到地震剖面图像，分析了地震数据特点和初步地震图像的实验结果后，设计了新的预处理方法——“二维沿层滤波”，在此基础上，利用可以计算帧间运动速度及其变化都较大的改进的光流分析技术，计算出多幅地震剖面对应点的偏移量，然后应用图像积累技术对这多幅地震剖面进行积累，实现对三维地震数据体提高信噪比的处理，该方法充分利用了三维地震信息，不但可以提高整个数据体的信噪比，而且可以减少信号能量的损失，并保持原来的信号能量关系，使地震剖面的质量得到明显提高，为地震解释奠定良好的基础。 相似文献
5.
The automatic picking of seismic sections replaces the slow and painstaking task of manual reflection plotting with rapid and economical processing by computer. Essentially, reflection picking is a decision-making problem which also can be considered as a sort of filtering. Mathematically this means multiplying the seismic data matrix by a more or less complex decision operator. For the sake of economy, we give an initial solution for simple cases which only require easily automatized decision-making criteria. We describe another more elaborate method for use in examining seismic phenomena which are more difficult to spot. The process used is based on the recognition of shapes and consists first of all of determining a series of characteristics capable of identifying each reflection on each trace and then of comparing these different characteristics from trace to trace so as to be able to judge the continuity or discontinuity of the reflections. Automatic picking thus leads to a schematic time-section in which only the horizons found by calculation are retained. An automatic migration program then transforms this time-section into a depth-section. 相似文献
6.
Sergey Fomel 《Geophysical Prospecting》2015,63(5):1246-1255
In certain seismic data processing and interpretation tasks such as spiking deconvolution, tuning analysis, impedance inversion, and spectral decomposition, it is commonly assumed that the vertical direction is normal to reflectors. This assumption is false in the case of dipping layers and may therefore lead to inaccurate results. To overcome this limitation, we propose a coordinate system in which geometry follows the shape of each reflector and the vertical direction corresponds to normal reflectivity. We call this coordinate system stratigraphic coordinates. We develop a constructive algorithm that transfers seismic images into the stratigraphic coordinate system. The algorithm consists of two steps. First, local slopes of seismic events are estimated by plane‐wave destruction; then structural information is spread along the estimated local slopes, and horizons are picked everywhere in the seismic volume by the predictive‐painting algorithm. These picked horizons represent level sets of the first axis of the stratigraphic coordinate system. Next, an upwind finite‐difference scheme is used to find the two other axes, which are perpendicular to the first axis, by solving the appropriate gradient equations. After seismic data are transformed into stratigraphic coordinates, seismic horizons should appear flat, and seismic traces should represent the direction normal to the reflectors. Immediate applications of the stratigraphic coordinate system are in seismic image flattening and spectral decomposition. Synthetic and real data examples demonstrate the effectiveness of stratigraphic coordinates. 相似文献
7.
Pseudo velocity logs can be obtained by seismogram inversion, using true amplitude processing and detailed investigation of move-out velocities. The precision of the results depends on the quality of the seismic data and on the possibility of deconvolving without increasing the noise. An investigation is made of the deformation of pseudo logs due to seismic signal variations and to imperfections of deconvolution. Both marine and land examples are shown, in some cases with adjustment on well logs. When the dips are large, time sections must be migrated and pseudo velocity logs must be computed from migrated sections. Comparison of sonic logs with pseudo velocity logs obtained in the same area is usually good enough to obtain information on lithological parameter variations by adjustment of pseudo velocity logs on sonic logs. Even when no well is available, pseudo velocity logs can give some indications on the nature of sediments between seismic horizons. 相似文献
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本文提出一种保护断层、裂缝等地层边缘特征的结构自适应中值滤波器,用于衰减地震资料中的随机噪声.基于地震反射同相轴局部呈线型结构的假设,采用梯度结构张量估计地层倾向,分析地层结构的规则程度,在此基础上引入地震剖面中线型和横向不连续性两种结构特征的置信度量.结构自适应中值滤波器根据这两种置信度量调整滤波器窗函数的尺度和形状,根据地层倾角调整滤波器窗函数的方向,从而使得滤波操作窗能够最佳匹配信号的局部结构特征.将本文方法用于合成和实际数据的处理,并与两种常用中值滤波方法进行对比,结果表明,该方法能够更好地解决地震剖面的随机噪声衰减和有效信号保真的问题,在增强反射同相轴的横向一致性的同时有效保持了剖面内的地层边缘和细节特征,显著改善了地震资料的品质. 相似文献
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对地下地质构造进行正确成像是地震勘探的最终目的,由于三维地震资料采集不可能都沿垂直构造走向的方向进行,为地震资料的三维处理带来了许多困难. 本文将三维叠后拉东投影偏移思想应用于三维叠前处理中,提出了三维叠前投影偏移算法. 利用拉东投影变换的原理,将整个三维叠前数据体投影到一系列各方向的径向线上,各方位角的构造都包含在其中某条或多条径向剖面上. 投影完成后,形成一系列的独立的二维叠前测线,可采用二维叠前深度偏移成像方法来实现各径向线的叠前偏移,当各径向剖面偏移完成后,在时间切片上进行反投影,从而最终形成三维叠前深度偏移结果. 实际应用表明,用本方法进行三维叠前深度偏移时,深度偏移剖面对横向分辨率有所提高,对陡地层和小断层的成像效果有所改善. 相似文献
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随着遥感信息源的不断增加,多种遥感数据被用于详细判读建筑物的震害情况.为准确判读震害等级与建立震害自动识别模式,本文收集整理了汶川地震震区的震害遥感图像,通过目视判读、图像处理、统计分析,重点分析了各类震害建筑物在光学影像中的特征表现、在合成孔径雷达图像中的成像机理特征以及在激光雷达图像中的三维特征.在此基础上构建了建筑物简化模型,并联合光学影像和雷达图像对震害建筑物的影像特征剖面予以分析.结果显示:光学遥感图像色彩信息符合人眼色觉原理,具有较好的直观判读效果;合成孔径雷达图像能够记录地物侧面、表面的粗糙程度和角反射特点,信息量丰富但不直观;激光雷达图像能获取建筑物的三维信息,因此震害评估工作中需有效地综合利用多源遥感数据,才能实现最佳的判识效果. 相似文献
12.
Di Luo Zhiqiang Wu Tianjiu Zeng Xunhua Zhang Weina Zhao Huaishan Liu Guolin Xiao 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2018,62(3):466-484
The South Yellow Sea is a superimposed basin overlying Mesozoic-Cenozoic continental sediments, which in turn overlie Paleozoic-Mesozoic marine deposits that are now the target of hydrocarbon exploration. Strongly modified by multiple tectonic events, the marine sediments feature a large tectonic relief, with obvious horizontal anisotropy in seismic velocity, which significantly affects the seismic image quality. In this study, the sedimentary velocity anisotropy and its influence on image quality were analyzed using an analytical theory method, assuming transversely isotropic medium with vertical axis of symmetry (VTI), and using seismic and well-log data. Additionally, an anisotropic prestack time migration was used for the imaging of the field data. The results showed that the anisotropic pre-stack time migration processing could be used to significantly improve the accuracy of the seismic images in areas with distinct faults, offering clear images of accurately located fault planes and fault edges, thereby improving the lateral resolution of the seismic data and its signal-to-noise ratio. 相似文献
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采用X射线计算机断层扫描(X-CT)技术观测多孔介质中天然气水合物的生成和分解过程,具有实时、直观和无损等优点。由于颗粒物边缘图像容积效应和X-CT分辨率的限制,多孔介质体系中不同物质的边界域难以确定,从而影响对多孔介质中水合物赋存状态的准确判断。利用Matlab平台图像处理软件中的开闭运算、多值化、梯度图像提取和边缘检测等方法,对实验获得的多孔介质中甲烷水合物的CT图像进行优化处理,获得了更清晰的图像,可有效地提高多孔介质中不同物质边界域的识别效果,有利于准确判断甲烷水合物在多孔介质中的赋存状态。 相似文献
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鉴于地震数据不连续性检测的重要性,本文提出了一种保持和检测地震图像不连续性(如:岩层,断层,河道等)的方法.通常在图象不连续的地方,象素值会有较大的差异,文中用4×4的方向模板计算目标点周围六个方向上的差值,当最大差值超过某个门限值时,则可认为该点为不连续点,由此来检测地震图像的不连续性.由于包含重要信息的区域受噪声的影响通常比其他地方严重,而且基于差值的不连续性检测算法对噪声较为敏感,所以在不连续性检测之前降低地震图像的噪声是很重要的.普通的平滑去噪方法会造成边缘模糊,不利于不连续性检测.本文采用旋转模板的非线性平滑方法,用四个六边形和一个八边形模板在目标像素周围旋转,用与目标像素标准差最小(最同类)的模板内那些点的均值代替目标像素的值,从而实现对地震图象的保边缘平滑去噪处理.理论模型和实际数据处理结果表明:与Y、Luo等人提出的保边缘平滑方法相比,本文的保边缘平滑处理方法提高了计算效率和峰值信噪比;将文中提出的保边缘平滑方法和基于方向模板的不连续性检测方法结合使用,得到的不连续性检测结果比直接检测更清晰.地震数据解释人员可根据检测到的不连续性来识别断层、岩层、河道等. 相似文献
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地球物理勘探中,地震剖面中的同相轴对地质分层、断层解释、有无形成空洞以及其它异常体的检测中作用重要.根据地震剖面上同相轴具有的性质,采用图像边缘检测方法提取同相轴简单且有效.由于边缘检测中常用的Sobel算子和Canny算子检测同相轴时对噪声免疫差,常因噪声因素引起边缘信息缺失导致同相轴提取不连续,本文采用中值滤波并对Sobel算子进行改进,对地震剖面图进行预处理,结合均方差自动确定阈值并进行异常检测,提取完整同相轴.实验结果表明应用该方法可以提取连续、准确的同相轴. 相似文献
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在反射地震转换波资料处理中,准确求取共转换点一直是一个难题,采用叠前时间偏移技术能避免共转换点道集的抽取,而且能够使转换波归位到真正的反射点上,实现准确成像.本文针对火山岩地震屏蔽层的转换波成像问题,通过对转换波共近似转换点道集进行速度分析,建立了转换波叠前时间偏移的初始速度场,通过速度扫描和纵、横波速度比值扫描确定最佳的偏移速度场和纵、横波速度比值,实现了在火山岩高速层覆盖区域的转换波偏移成像.实际资料的成像结果表明,本文采用的近似转换点计算以及转换波叠前时间偏移方法是有效的. 相似文献
18.
Zi-Shun Li 《应用地球物理》2012,9(3):286-292
To avoid spatial aliasing problems in broad band high resolution seismic sections, I present a high density migration processing solution. I first analyze the spatial aliasing definition for stack and migration seismic sections and point out the differences between the two. We recognize that migration sections more often show spatial aliasing than stacked sections. Second, from wave propagation theory, I know that migration output is a new spatial sampling process and seismic prestack time migration can provide the high density sampling to prevent spatial aliasing on high resolution migration sections. Using a 2D seismic forward modeling analysis, I have found that seismic spatial aliasing noise can be eliminated by high density spatial sampling in prestack migration. In a 3D seismic data study for Daqing Oilfield in the Songliao Basin, I have also found that seismic sections obtained by high-density spatial sampling (10 × 10 m) in prestack migration have less spatial aliasing noise than those obtained by conventional low density spatial sampling (20 × 40 m) in prestack migration. 相似文献
19.
高斯束逆时偏移结合了射线类偏移的高计算效率和波动方程逆时偏移的高精度,能很好地处理焦散点、大倾角成像问题,并且具有面向目标成像的能力.多分量地震资料的偏移技术可以对地下复杂构造进行更准确的成像,由于实际地下介质具有黏滞性,研究黏弹性叠前逆时偏移具有一定的现实意义.本文采用高斯束逆时偏移方法对多分量地震数据进行吸收衰减补偿,首先分别给出纵波和转换波共炮域高斯束叠前逆时偏移方法原理,在此基础上推导补偿吸收衰减的表达式,校正Q引起的振幅衰减和相位畸变,实现基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束叠前逆时偏移.数值模型的测试结果显示,在考虑地下介质的黏滞性时,本文方法具有更高的成像分辨率. 相似文献
20.
煤矿高产高效安全生产地质保障体系要求探明煤矿微小构造,相干体技术利用计算机分析检测三维地震数据体中相邻道之间地震信号的相似性,比常规解释方法更有利于小断层等小构造的识别;相干技术算法中C3比C1、C2两种相干算法在断层识别和边缘检测上具有更高的水平分辨率和垂直分辨率;相干体技术与地震属性技术、图象处理技术联合使用,形成煤田地震资料解释的新模式,能够更好地解决煤矿生产中遇到的构造、岩性等实际问题,极大提高三维地震成果的使用效率和应用水平;相干体技术在许厂、梁家等煤矿中应用取得了良好效果. 相似文献