共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 437 毫秒
1.
鹤岗盆地晚侏罗世石头河子组沉积环境及幕式聚煤作用 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
鹤岗盆地是一中-新生代内陆盆地，主要含煤地层上侏罗统石头河子组是一套非海相含煤地层，充填于盆地底部，自下而上可划分为三个岩性段，五个亚段和２６个含煤旋回。底部第一亚段沉积期以冲积扇、辫状河环境为主；第二亚段以河流环境为主；第三亚段以河流-三角洲-湖泊环境为主；第四亚段演化为河流环境；第五亚段则以河流、冲积扇环境为主。垂向上五个亚段对应于盆地的填平补齐-扩张-稳定沉降-差异沉降-收缩五个演化阶段。富煤带位于同沉积中心的侧翼，一般含砂率６０%～７０%的区域含煤性最好。含煤旋回受控于盆地周期性地快-慢沉降，聚煤作用发育于每期幕式沉降的缓慢稳定沉降阶段。厚-特厚煤层都与湖泊三角洲冲积平原大面积沼泽化有关。 相似文献
2.
通过对三叠纪义敦岛弧中段83条剖面和沉积等厚线的综合分析研究,将其划分为义敦弧后前陆盆地、义敦火山弧、昌台-禾尼弧间盆地群、沙鲁里火山岩浆弧、雄龙西-金厂沟弧前盆地群5个次级的构造古地理单元。其中弧后盆地主要有上麻绒和义敦2个沉积中心,义敦火山弧可进一步细分出果德、根隆、郎格、哈逮4个次级火山穹隆,弧间盆地群有拿它盆地、曲登盆地、夏塞盆地、哈日盆地,沙鲁里火山岩浆弧可进一步细分为木合沟和口娘公玛2个次级火山穹隆,弧前盆地有雄龙西盆地、莫坝盆地、金厂沟盆地等8个次级火山-沉积盆地。认为义敦岛弧的演化主要受理塘缝合带演化的控制,也受金沙江缝合带演化的影响,总体上在三叠纪经历了夭折裂陷槽→不成熟岛弧→成熟岛弧→残余盆地的演化历程。 相似文献
3.
松潘-甘孜造山带义敦岛弧中段三叠纪
火山-沉积盆地的演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对三叠纪义敦岛弧中段83条剖面和沉积等厚线的综合分析研究,将其划分为义敦弧后前陆盆地、义敦火山弧、昌台-禾尼弧间盆地群、沙鲁里火山岩浆弧、雄龙西-金厂沟弧前盆地群5个次级的构造古地理单元.其中弧后盆地主要有上麻绒和义敦2个沉积中心,义敦火山弧可进一步细分出果德、根隆、郎格、哈逮4个次级火山穹隆,弧间盆地群有拿它盆地、曲登盆地、夏塞盆地、哈日盆地,沙鲁里火山岩浆弧可进一步细分为木合沟和口娘公玛2个次级火山穹隆,弧前盆地有雄龙西盆地、莫坝盆地、金厂沟盆地等8个次级火山-沉积盆地.认为义敦岛弧的演化主要受理塘缝合带演化的控制,也受金沙江缝合带演化的影响,总体上在三叠纪经历了夭折裂陷槽→不成熟岛弧→成熟岛弧→残余盆地的演化历程. 相似文献
4.
中国西部叠合盆地经历了多期构造变动和多旋回的油气成藏作用,研究叠合盆地油气藏的形成、演化和分布预测具有重要的意义。叠合盆地指不同时期形成的不同类型的沉积盆地或地层在同一地理位置上的叠加和复合,具有地层沉积不连续、地层构造不连续、地层应力应变作用不连续等三大标志性特征,依据构造剖面上地层年代的关联性,将叠合盆地分为五种类型,即连续沉积型叠合盆地、中晚期地层叠合盆地、早晚期地层叠合盆地、早中期地层叠合盆地、长期暴露型叠合盆地。叠合盆地普遍发育复杂油气藏,三种作用（剥蚀作用、断裂作用、褶皱作用）六种机制（渗漏、扩散、溢散、氧化、降解和裂解）形成复杂油气藏,依据成因特征分为五类,原成型油气藏,圈闭调整型油气藏,组分变异型油气藏,相态转换型油气藏,规模改造型油气藏。研究表明,复杂油气藏中天然气的地下产状特征和分布特征与地表产状特征和分布特征有很大差异。中国西部叠合盆地油气分布主要受烃源灶、古隆起、沉积相、断裂带、构造变动和区域盖层等六大因素的控制。其中烃源灶（S）、古隆起（M）、沉积相（D）和盖层（C）等四大要素控制着油气成藏的形成和分布,并建立了多要素匹配（T-CDMS）成藏模式,用以预测有利成藏领域。油气藏形成之后,多期的构造变动对早成的油气藏进行调整、改造和破坏,主要受构造变动强度、构造变动时间、构造变动次数、构造变动时盖层的封油气性能等四大要素控制,并以此建立了多期构造变动破坏油气藏后剩余潜力评价模型,利用这一模型可以预测出有利勘探区带并评价出有利勘探区带中的剩余资源潜力。油气藏经过改造,表现出晚期成藏效应,并受相势耦合作用的控制最后定位,利用晚期成藏效应和相势耦合理论可以预测有利勘探目标,并指出潜在有利勘探目标。 相似文献
5.
三叠纪充填的一套碳酸盐岩—碎屑岩地层,被划分为两个超层序和5个层序单元。超层序Ⅰ以复理石建造为特征,是金沙江缝合带初始碰撞作用的产物,是唐古拉山地区三叠纪前陆盆地早期挠曲沉降构造活动的沉积响应,标志着晚三叠世诺利期前陆盆地业已形成;超层序Ⅱ以磨拉石与酸性火山岩建造为特征,是前陆盆地晚期冲断抬升构造演化的沉积响应,表明晚三叠世瑞替期来自造山带的沉积物开始越过前陆隆起向隆后盆地迁移。 相似文献
6.
印尼Sunda盆地裂陷期层序地层与沉积充填特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
应用高分辨率层序地层学原理和分析方法,以岩心、测井、录井、地震和分析化验资料为基础,通过Sunda盆地古近系层序地层关键界面的识别与对比,建立了盆地裂陷期层序地层格架。Sunda盆地裂陷期发育6个具有等时意义的层序界面,将其划分为5个长期基准面旋回。在盆地结构分析的基础上,确定了主要物源方向,分析了各个层序的沉积特征,认为盆地主要发育有扇三角洲、河流—三角洲、近岸水下扇、滩坝等沉积体系,不同层序发育时期及盆地的不同位置,其沉积体系类型及其分布有较大差异。与渤海湾盆地典型单断箕状断陷盆地相比,尽管断陷结构有相似性,但Sunda盆地裂陷期沉降速率相对较低,持续时间较短,深水湖泊发育规模相对较小。由于与盆缘主控断裂伴生的次级断裂不发育,沉积体系类型与发育特征也与典型的断陷盆地有较大的区别。 相似文献
7.
海拉尔盆地乌南凹陷下白垩统沉积充填演化及构造控制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过层序界面的识别和划分,乌南凹陷下白垩统可划分为5个二级层序,7个三级层序。以断裂坡折带为界,乌南凹陷可划分为西缘陡坡带、东缘斜坡带、乌南次洼带、乌中低凸起、巴彦塔拉断裂带等次级构造单元,各次级构造单元对沉积体系的发育分布具有重要的控制作用。根据沉降史的分析,下白垩统可划分为裂陷初期、裂陷早期、裂陷中期、断-拗转换期和拗陷期5个构造演化阶段,分别发育火山岩-冲积扇盆地层序、冲积扇-浅湖盆地层序、深湖-半深湖盆地层序、半深湖盆地层序和浅湖盆地层序,各二级层序的发育演化和沉积相构成受构造演化的控制。东缘斜坡带和巴彦塔拉断裂带附近是有利储集相带。 相似文献
8.
9.
Quantitative studies on the extension and subsidence of the Wanan Basin were carried out based on available seismic and borehole data together with regional geological data.Using balanced cross-section and backstripping techniques,we reconstructed the stratigraphic deposition and tectonic evolution histories of the basin.The basin formed from the Eocene and was generally in an extensional/transtensional state except for the Late Miocene local compressoin.The major basin extension ocurred in the Oligocene and Early Miocene(before ~16.3 Ma) and thereafter uniform stretch in a smaller rate.The northern and middle basin extended intensely earlier during 38.6–23.3 Ma,while the southern basin was mainly stretched during 23.3–16.3 Ma.The basin formation and development are related to alternating sinistral to dextral strike-slip motions along the Wanan Fault Zone.The dominant dynamics may be caused by the seafloor spreading of the South China Sea and the its peripheral plate interaction.The basin tectonic evolution is divided into five phases:initial rifting,main rifting,rift-drift transition,structural inversion,and thermal subsidence. 相似文献
10.
青藏高原中侏罗世-早白垩世羌塘复合型前陆盆地充填模式 总被引：34，自引：5，他引：34
根据沉积物碎屑组分、粗碎屑楔状体、边缘相、古流向和沉积、沉降中心等重建了盆地结构、古地理和古地貌,认为该盆地是在中侏罗世-早白垩世多岛洋体制下形成的一种复杂的、特殊类型的复合前陆盆地,它的形成和发展同金沙江缝合带与班公湖-怒江缝合带的碰撞和对冲有关,是盆地两侧板块边缘的大型逆冲作用的产物。在此基础上,根据中央隆起地貌景观交替性变化和盆地中“三砂二灰”的幕式沉积特点,将中侏罗世-早白垩世羌塘前陆盆地演化过程分为 5个阶段,其中巴通期和牛津-提唐期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动相对平静期,而巴柔期、卡洛期、提唐-贝里阿斯期是羌塘盆地南北两侧构造活动强烈时期,强烈的逆冲推覆作用产生大量的构造负载,导致中央隆起强烈地挠曲隆升,造成了盆地中的幕式沉积,产生构造层序和层序,恢复了羌塘前陆盆地沉积记录与两侧缝合带的逆冲作用的相互关系. 相似文献
11.
从成盆、成源、成烃和成藏4个方面对海拉尔盆地乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷各构造演化阶段的石油地质意义进行了分析。海拉尔盆地成盆的动力机制是中蒙边界区中生代推覆构造形成后的晚造山期伸展垮塌作用,为典型的被动裂陷盆地。乌尔逊-贝尔凹陷形成演化经历了5个时期：山间残留阶段、被动裂陷阶段、主动裂陷阶段、断坳转化阶段和坳陷阶段。被动裂陷阶段沉积物震荡式沉积形成南一段中部砂泥互层的优质烃源岩,主动裂陷阶段盆地强烈裂陷,窄而深的断陷结构控制盆地南一段上部有效源岩分布,断坳转化阶段盆地快速沉降促进烃源岩熟化,伊敏组沉积晚期烃源岩大量排烃控制形成早期原生油藏,伊敏组末期盆地反转,部分油藏受活动断裂破坏调整到大磨拐河组形成次生油藏。不同演化阶段形成多种类型的隆起带,构成有利的油气聚集区带,控制了不同含油气系统油气聚集。 相似文献
12.
近期研究发现四川克拉通盆地内存在大型走滑断裂带,是断控油气藏勘探开发的有利新领域,走滑断裂的分布与成因对油气目标评价具有重要意义。本文在三维结合二维地震资料解释的基础上,分析走滑断裂的分布与成因类型,并探讨走滑断裂的形成机制。结果表明,川中三维地震工区发育北西向走向为主的大型板内走滑断裂系统;走滑断裂呈雁列、斜列的不连续的带状分布,断裂发育成熟度低,具有断裂样式的多样性与分层分布的差异性;四川盆地存在川中克拉通内走滑断层、川东南帚状走滑构造、川东调节走滑带、川东北楔入走滑带、川西北斜向冲断走滑带等5个地区发育5种类型走滑断裂带;走滑断裂形成于震旦系灯影组沉积晚期,受控于原特提斯洋俯冲背景下的斜向伸展作用,基底北西向先存断裂构造复活,形成了调节斜向伸展裂陷槽的川中板内走滑断裂系统。结果揭示克拉通盆地可能发育大型的板内走滑断裂系统,不同于常规的板缘与板内调节走滑断裂系统。 相似文献
13.
中国中西部前陆盆地大多具有陆内俯冲造山形成的特点,层序地层学在这类前陆盆地中的应用是一个值得研究的新领域。对川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组5条露头剖面和1条测井剖面进行详细沉积相分析和层序地层划分,同时阐述了沉积相迁移规律、层序界面类型、层序发育特征及基准面变化;将川北前陆盆地上三叠统须家河组划分为4个三级层序(TS1,TS2,TS3和TS4)。大竹、开江一带须家河组沉积厚度为400～600m,4个层序发育完整;向北东至万源一带地层变薄至100余m,保存残留不全的须家河组只能归为1个三级层序(TS4)。在露头剖面和测井剖面层序地层划分的基础上建立的层序地层格架表明:TS1—TS2以曲流河及曲流河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于稳定坳陷和慢速充填的欠补偿状态,TS3—TS4以冲积扇、辫状河及辫状河三角洲沉积体系为主,盆地处于强烈坳陷和快速充填的过补偿状态。沉积相的时空叠置样式受北部秦岭造山带构造活动的制约作用较为明显。 相似文献
14.
Bruce L. Rhoads 《Environmental Geology》1991,18(2):119-135
The development of irrigation agriculture on valley floors in the southwestern United States has substantially altered natural drainage systems. This study discusses five anthropogenic factors that have altered the hydrologic function of a dryland basin floor in south-central Arizona. These factors are: (1) upstream urbanization and channel entrenchment, (2) dam construction, (3) artificial diversion of drainage, (4) obstruction of flow by transportation routes, and (5) stream channelization. The first two factors have altered hydrologic inputs to the basin floor, the third and fourth factors have changed regional and local patterns of flooding, and the fifth factor has resulted in channel instability and reduced flood attenuation. These five factors, along with a recent increase in the frequency of incursions of tropical moisture into southern Arizona, have enhanced flow variability and the potential for devastating flooding on the basin floor. This research demonstrates the need for basin-wide approaches to stream management in drylands and illustrates the importance of basing management decisions on geomorphic information concerning fluvial forms and processes. 相似文献
15.
A. G. PLINT 《Sedimentology》1983,30(5):625-653
The Bracklesham Formation is of Middle Eocene age and occurs throughout the Hampshire Basin of southern England. The basin is elongated east-west and filled with Lower Tertiary sediments. Its southern margin is marked by either large, northward-facing monoclines, or faults, both of which underwent differential movement, with uplift of the southern side throughout the Middle Eocene. The Bracklesham Formation, which is up to 240 m thick, shows pronounced lateral facies changes with dominantly marine sediments in the east passing to alluvial sediments in the west. Four principal sedimentary environments: marine, lagoonal, estuarine and alluvial are distinguished. Marine sediments comprise six facies including offshore silty clays and glauconitic silty sands, beach and aeolian dune sands, and flint conglomerates formed on pebble beaches. Offshore sediments predominate in the eastern part of the basin, as far west as Alum Bay, where they are replaced by nearshore sediments. Lagoonal sediments comprise four facies and formed in back-barrier lagoons, coastal marshes and, on occasions, were deposited over much of the basin during periods of low salinity and restricted tidal motion. Five estuarine facies represent tidal channels, channel mouth-bars and abandoned channels. These sediments suggest that much of the Bracklesham Formation was deposited under micro- to meso-tidal conditions. Alluvial sediments dominate the formation to the west of Alum Bay. They comprise coarse to fine sands deposited on the point-bars of meandering rivers, interbedded with thick sequences of laminated interchannel mudstones, deposited in marshes, swamps and lakes. Extensive layers of ball clay were periodically deposited in a lake occupying much of the alluvial basin. In alluvial areas, fault movement exposed Mesozoic rocks along the southern margin of the basin, the erosion of which generated fault-scarp alluvial fan gravels. Locally, pisolitic limestone formed in pools fed by springs emerging at the faulted Chalk-Tertiary contact. In marine areas, flint pebbles were eroded from coastal exposures of chalk and accumulated on pebble beaches and in estuaries. From other evidence it is suggested that older Tertiary sediments were also reworked. The Bracklesham Formation is strongly cyclic and was deposited during five marine transgressions, the effects of which can be recognized throughout the basin in both marine and alluvial areas. Each of the five transgressive cycles is a few tens of metres thick and contains little evidence of intervening major regression. The cycles are thought to represent small-scale eustatic sea-level rises (‘paracycles’) superimposed upon a major transgressive ‘cycle’ that began at the base of the Bracklesham Formation, following a major regression, and was terminated, at the top of the Barton Formation by another major regression. This major cycle can be recognized world-wide and may reflect a period of rapid northward extension of the mid-Atlantic ridge. 相似文献
16.
基于MIKESHE分布式水文模型的降水时间尺度对喀斯特流域径流模拟的影响研究——以红水河系六硐河流域为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
径流形成是流域系统对降水水文响应的结果,其实质也是流域对降水时间和空间上的重新分配。降水作为径流模拟中最大的不确定因素之一,其时空分布特征是影响径流模拟及一系列其它水文问题的主要控制因素。为了探索喀斯特流域降水时间尺度对径流的影响规律,本研究利用MIKESHE模拟技术,结合喀斯特流域独特的地质、地貌、覆被类型及水文特征,对模型的相关参数进行率定,模拟了5场典型洪水的降水径流过程。并且通过改变降水资料的时间尺度,研究降水时间变异对模拟洪水过程的影响。研究表明,在相同的流域下垫面和模型条件下,若累计降水时间增加,同样数量的降水产生的径流总量也会增加,最大的流量出现时间也相对滞后。 相似文献
17.
This paper deals with the hydrogeological relationship between base levels of saline lakes and the formation of sub-horizontal caves. The mechanism presented here suggests that many horizontal cave levels in carbonate sequences are created adjacent to the saline lakes shorelines because of the converging of the groundwater flow above the fresh–saline water interface. The main factors that control enhanced carbonate dissolution and cave formation are high groundwater flow velocities in the shallow phreatic zone during a relative long steady state of the water table. High groundwater flow velocities are evident close to the Dead Sea due to the convergent fast flows above the shallow interface adjacent to the shoreline. The same could prevail in the case of previous paleo-lakes that existed in the basin. The synergetic combination of the above preconditions for enhanced cave formation seems to be responsible for the formation of elevation-controlled alignment of paleo-near shore cave levels in the central and southern (Dead Sea) portion of the study area. These are found on the western fault escarpment and basin margin in different stratigraphic horizons of carbonate lithology. Many of the cave levels can be linked to late Quaternary–Holocene lake levels obtained from dated lake sediments within the basin. The most common cave’s elevation was found to be around 200 m below sea level which was the elevation of the Lisan Lake during part of its history. On the other hand, the Hula Basin in the northern part of the Dead Sea Basin was not occupied by saline water bodies since its formation as a base level, and thus the above preconditions for enhanced cave formation did not prevail. Indeed, this is evident by the lack of horizontal cave levels on its western carbonate margins unlike the situation in the south. 相似文献
18.
西南三江中段兰坪盆地是著名的金属成矿区,区内矿产资源丰富,以铜、铅、锌、银为主。2012—2016年云南省地质调查院完成了1∶25万丽江市幅水系沉积物测量工作,平均采样密度为1.02个/km2,采样介质为代表汇水域基岩成分的岩屑,样品粒级为-10~+60目。以兰坪盆地内的1∶25万水系沉积物测量成果为基础,首先分析了盆地内微量元素的地球化学特征,指出仅从元素富集系数的大小来判断研究区内有利矿种的方法欠妥;进而为消除元素的风化富集效应而采用变值七级异常划分方案绘制了该区地球化学异常图,并对区内的主要成矿元素进行异常圈定和分级评价。结果表明所圈定的异常区不仅与该区典型矿床在空间上相吻合,而且单元素异常级别或平均异常强度也与矿床的规模相一致,已知矿床均位于平均异常强度达3级以上的异常区。除典型已知矿区外,区域地球化学异常特征显示兰坪盆地东北部老君山地区和盆地中南部白洋厂南部地区是盆地内寻找多金属矿床的有利地段。 相似文献
19.
西藏阿里札达盆地上新世-早更新世河湖相地层层序地层分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据札达盆地河湖相剖面地层岩性、粒度、沉积构造、古生物等反映的沉积岩相,以及不整合面等沉积特征,可将札达盆地上新世—早更新世河湖相地层,初步划分为两个三级层序(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。层序Ⅰ代表上新统地层层序,并进一步区分出退积准层序组和进积准层序组。对应上新世湖相沉积由低位体系域—湖泊扩张体系域—湖泊收缩体系域的演化,反映湖泊由源区水系冲积亚相—滨湖三角洲亚相—滨浅湖亚相—半深湖亚相—滨浅湖亚相的湖泊,由扩张到萎缩的一个完整的发展演化旋回。层序II代表下更新统地层层序,反映一个盆地受构造和气候(冰期—间冰期)双重控制的夭折型冰湖形成演化的由冰水冲积相到冰湖沉积相的不完整沉积旋回,为青藏高原新近系上新统与第四系的研究与划分提供了重要依据。 相似文献
20.
Suketi river basin is located in the Mandi district of Himachal Pradesh, India. It encompasses a central inter-montane valley and surrounding mountainous terrain in the Lower Himachal Himalaya. Morphometric analysis of the Suketi river basin was carried out to study its drainage characteristics and overall groundwater resource potential. The entire Suketi river basin has been divided into five sub-basins based on the catchment areas of Suketi trunk stream and its major tributaries. Quantitative assessment of each sub-basin was carried out for its linear, areal, and relief aspects. The analysis reveals that the drainage network of the entire Suketi river basin constitutes a 7th order basin. Out of five sub-basins, Kansa khad sub-basin (KKSB), Gangli khad sub-basin (GKSB) and Ratti khad sub-basin (RKSB) are 5th order sub-basins. The Dadour khad sub-basin (DKSB) is 6th order sub-basin, while Suketi trunk stream sub-basin (STSSB) is a 7th order sub-basin. The entire drainage basin area reflects late youth to early mature stage of development of the fluvial geomorphic cycle, which is dominated by rain and snow fed lower order streams. It has low stream frequency (Fs) and moderate drainage density (Dd) of 2.69 km/km 2. Bifurcation ratios (Rb) of various stream orders indicate that streams up to 3rd order are surging through highly dissected mountainous terrain, which facilitates high overland flow and less recharge into the sub-surface resulting in low groundwater potential in the zones of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd order streams of the Suketi river basin. The circulatory ratio (Rc) of 0.65 and elongation ratio (Re) of 0.80 show elongated nature of the Suketi river basin, while infiltration number (If) of 10.66 indicates dominance of relief features and low groundwater potential in the high altitude mountainous terrain. The asymmetry factor (Af) of Suketi river basin indicates that the palaeo-tectonic tilting, at drainage basin scale, was towards the downstream right side of the drainage basin. The slope map of Suketi river basin has been classified into three main zones, which delineate the runoff zone in the mountains, recharge zone in the transition zone between mountains and valley plane, and discharge zone in the plane areas of Balh valley. 相似文献