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1.
北祁连中段北缘冷龙岭铀矿带处于祁连-龙首山NW向海西碱交代热液型铀成矿带,是典型的钠交代型铀矿带。铀成矿与钠交代有着十分密切的关系,矿体几乎都产在钠交代岩内。矿床内钠交代岩矿物组成上的最大特点是原岩矿物大多消失,代之以红色的钠长石。钠交代使岩石有效孔隙度增大,并且降低了抗压强度,从而成为构造活动的薄弱环节。钠交代促使原岩中铀的赋存状态发生改变,使铀发生活化转移。在钠质交代过程中,许多铀元素的载体矿物被钠长石交代,也是使铀发生活化转移的重要因素。以上事实充分说明,钠交代不仅为铀沉淀提供了良好的空间,而且为铀成矿奠定了物质基础。 相似文献
2.
华东地区花岗岩类成因类型及其与铀成矿的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文对华东地区的花岗岩类按改造型 变质混合交代型、重熔型和同熔型———同熔型 (Ⅰ型 )、深源分异型 (A型 )进行了成因分类 ,并对各类花岗岩的岩石化学成分、岩石学特征、副矿物、稀土元素、锶、氧同位素等特征进行了较为详细的论述 ,列举了各类花岗岩的分布地区和代表性岩体 ;论述了各类花岗岩的空间分布与铀矿床产出的关系 ,指出重熔型花岗岩是铀矿床产出的主要岩体类型 ,其次是深源分异型 (A型 )花岗岩。变质混合交代型和同熔型 (Ⅰ型 )花岗岩只有铀矿点或矿化点产出。文章最后系统地总结了改造型与同熔型花岗岩的铀矿化特征。 相似文献
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The behavior of uranium during interaction of subsurface water with crystalline rocks and uranium ores is considered in connection with the problem of safe underground insulation of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Since subsurface water interacts with crystalline rocks formed at a high temperature, the mineral composition of these rocks and uranium species therein are thermodynamically unstable. Therefore, reactions directed toward the establishment of equilibrium proceed in the water-rock system. At great depths that are characterized by hindered water exchange, where subsurface water acquires near-neutral and reducing properties, the interaction is extremely sluggish and is expressed in the formation of micro- and nanoparticles of secondary minerals. Under such conditions, the slow diffusion redistribution of uranium with enrichment in absorbed forms relative to all other uranium species is realized as well. The products of secondary alteration of Fe- and Ti-bearing minerals serve as the main sorbents of uranium. The rate of alteration of minerals and conversion of uranium species into absorbed forms is slow, and the results of these processes are insignificant, so that the rocks and uranium species therein may be regarded as unaltered. Under reducing conditions, subsurface water is always saturated with uranium. Whether water interacts with rock or uranium ore, the equilibrium uranium concentration in water is only ≤10?8 mol/l. Uraninite ore under such conditions always remains stable irrespective of its age. The stability conditions of uranium ore are quite suitable for safe insulation of SNF, which consists of 95% uraninite (UO2) and is a confinement matrix for all other radionuclides. The disposal of SNF in massifs of crystalline rocks at depths below 500 m, where reducing conditions are predominant, is a reliable guarantee of high SNF stability. Under oxidizing conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone, the rate of interaction of rocks with subsurface water increases by orders of magnitude and subsurface water is commonly undersaturated with uranium. Uranium absorbed by secondary minerals, particularly by iron hydroxides and leucoxene, is its single stable species under oxidizing conditions. The impact of oxygen-bearing water leads to destruction of uranium ore. This process is realized simultaneously at different hypsometric levels even if the permeability of the medium is variable in both the lateral and vertical directions. As a result, intervals containing uranyl minerals and relics of primary uranium ore are combined in ore-bearing zones with intervals of completely dissolved uranium minerals. A wide halo of elevated uranium contents caused by sorption is always retained at the location of uranium ore entirely destroyed by weathering. Uranium ore commonly finds itself in the aeration zone due to technogenic subsidence of the groundwater table caused by open-pit mining or pumping out of water from underground mines. The capillary and film waters that interact with rocks and ores in this zone are supplemented by free water filtering along fractures when rain falls or snow is thawing. The interaction of uranium ore with capillary water results in oxidation of uraninite, accompanied by loosening of the mineral surface, formation of microfractures, and an increase in solubility with enrichment of capillary water in uranium up to 10?4 mol/l. Secondary U(VI) minerals, first of all, uranyl hydroxides and silicates, replace uraninite, and uranium undergoes local diffusion redistribution with its sorption by secondary minerals of host rocks. The influx of free water facilitates the complete dissolution of primary and secondary uranium minerals, the removal of uranium at the sites of groundwater discharge, and its redeposition under reducing conditions at a greater depth. It is evident that the conditions of the upper hydrodynamic zone and the aeration zone are unfit for long-term insulation of SNF and high-level wastes because, after the failure of containers, the leakage of radionuclides into the environment becomes inevitable. 相似文献
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以芨岭地区铀矿床碱交代蚀变岩石为研究对象,对该区碱交代作用蚀变的特征进行详细研究。结果表明:芨岭钠交代岩型铀矿床属断裂碱交代型铀矿床,矿床蚀变种类繁多,主要有钠长石化、绿泥石化、碳酸盐化、赤铁矿化、绢云母化和硅化等。蚀变组合及分布特征较明显,并与铀矿化关系密切。 相似文献
6.
根据包裹体分析资料和热力学计算结合矿床地质特征，本文研究了江西六二一七花岗岩型铀矿床形成的物理化学条件，并对红化（赤铁矿化）与热液铀矿化之间的因果关系进行了探讨。结果得到，热液铀矿化形成于中低温、中压、低氧逸度、高流逸度、中性至弱碱性的还原环境。成矿热液中，铀主要呈［UO2（CO3）2］2-和［UO2F4］2-形式迁移，至一定的物理化学条件下发生沥青铀矿沉淀。红化是矿前期高氧逸度流交代热液对围岩氧化所至，红化蚀变岩石因含有Fe3+，从而有利于热液铀矿化的发生。 相似文献
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The principal aspects of reconstruction of conditions and paths of fluid migration in massifs of crystalline rocks are considered. The spatiotemporal relationships between stress fields, brittle failure, and migration of radionuclides are discussed. The main attention is focused on the staged character of tectonic events, fluid circulation conditions, and the sequence of uranium mineral formation as determined with structural, geological, tectonophysical, petrophysical, petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical, microstructural, microthermometric, and radiographic methods. As is exemplified in uranium deposits and massifs of silicic igneous rocks, the comprehensive consideration of the tectonodynamics of fluid-conducting structural elements and radionuclide migration is necessary for providing insights into the localization and redistribution of uranium, the PT conditions of uranium ore formation, and the forecast for long-term safety of disposal of radioactive wastes in crystalline rocks. 相似文献
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《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2015,56(10):1384-1393
We studied the mineralogic and geochemical features of metasomatic rocks and ores from the Pogromnoe gold deposit, which is unconventional for Transbaikalia. The deposit, which formed in the Early Cretaceous, at the rifting stage of the regional evolution, is localized in the dynamoclastic strata of the Mongol-Okhotsk suture, along which the Siberian continent joined the Mongolia-China continent in the Early-Middle Jurassic. Gold mineralization occurs as two morphologic types of ores: stockwork quartz-carbonate-arsenopyrite-pyrite ores in altered volcanics (orebody no. 1) and veinlet-vein quartz ones (with disseminated sulfides) in altered carbonaceous shales (orebody no. 10). The host rocks of the deposit are the highly altered volcanosedimentary rocks of the Butorovskii Formation (Shadoron Group, J2–3), which transformed into metasomatic (by composition) and dynamoclastic (by texture and structure) rocks. It has been found that the formation of the metasomatic rocks and mineralization proceeded in several stages. Propylites formed at the preore stage (J3); tectonic schists and albitophyres, at the late preore stage; and sericitolites and albite-carbonate-sericite-quartz metasomatic rocks (quartzites), at the synore stage. The 40Ar/39Ar age of the stockwork system of ore-bearing fractures and metasomatic rocks which formed at the late preore stage is estimated as 139.5 ± 1.8 Ma. The gold-bearing rocks at the deposit are the late preore and synore metasomatic rocks formed after volcanics with sulfide mineralization (gold concentrators are pyrite II and III and arsenopyrite I and II) and after altered carbonaceous shales (gold concentrators are vein quartz and arsenopyrite II). Gold grade is completely consistent with silicification, saturation with quartz-sulfide and sulfide microveinlets, and fine sulfide dissemination. By genesis, the Pogromnoe deposit belongs to objects which formed in shear zones with the contribution of gold-bearing mantle fluids. The authors presume that the sources of mineralization are the ore-producing granitoids of the Amudzhikan-Sretensk intrusive assemblage within the Aprelkovo ore-magmatic system (OMS) (Os’kina and Urguchan plutons). This is confirmed by Pb isotope compositions (207Pb/204Pb and 206Pb/204Pb) for the pyrite and arsenopyrite of the Pogromnoe gold-bearing ores, which testify to the widespread occurrence of “mantle” Pb isotope signatures. The 40Ar/39Ar age of the ore-producing granitoids of the Aprelkovo OMS is 131.0 ± 1.2 Ma. Gold in the orebodies occurs in native form and is fine and very fine. By gold grade, the Pogromnoe deposit deserves very close attention as a new commercial type of gold mineralization in Transbaikalia. 相似文献
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核桃坝矿床是著名的沽源-红山子铀成矿带上新近勘查突破的重要铀矿床之一。为恢复成矿过程、划分成矿阶段和探讨矿床成因,本文开展了系统的矿相学和成矿年代学研究,以期为区内铀矿勘查和找矿突破提供理论支持。矿相学研究表明,矿床矿石矿物以铀石为主,成矿作用可划分为早期钠长石化交代阶段、早期热液成矿阶段、晚期热液成矿阶段和成矿后阶段四个阶段。核桃坝矿床属于碱交代型(钠交代)热液铀矿床。沥青铀矿U-Pb同位素表观年龄、电子探针化学年龄以及等时线年龄综合研究显示,矿床形成时代应在99. 1Ma左右,是晚白垩世成矿作用的产物。核桃坝矿床可能是富铀岩体在碱交代作用后形成流体(富铀含硅酸成矿流体)在外部条件改变的情况下沉淀成矿。因此,矿体的定位与富铀岩体关系密切,富铀岩体附近的开放空间(断裂构造、层间破碎带等)是重要的找矿方向。 相似文献
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湖南秀才洞铀矿位于诸广山北部的鹿井矿田,极具找矿潜力。为进一步查明秀才洞铀矿成矿条件,揭示岩浆岩与成矿作用关系及成矿成岩机制,本文开展了典型矿床地质特征研究,并对矿区典型岩浆岩进行了主量元素、微量元素地球化学分析。结果表明：矿区岩体属酸性岩,具富Si低Ca偏碱特征;微量元素地球化学显示花岗岩富集Nb、U、Th和Ta等高场强元素,贫Sr、Ba、V、Cr、Co、Ni等元素,具典型A型花岗岩特征。岩浆岩及矿石稀土配分曲线均为“平展型”,具强Eu负异常特征,岩浆岩及矿石具有一定的同源性,可以为同一成矿系统。矿体均产于围岩与花岗岩接触带附近,并受断裂构造控制,岩浆岩和地层均提供了一定的铀源。结合矿床特征、成矿地质特征及与岩体的空间关系认为秀才洞铀矿是花岗岩外接触带型铀矿。 相似文献
12.
V. I. Kazansky O. F. Makivchuk N. I. Popov G. M. Drogitskaya V. I. Starostenko A. A. Tripol’sky M. V. Chicherov 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2012,54(1):17-40
The study of deep structure of the Kirovograd ore district proceeds from a broad treatment of its geological boundaries and
combination of metasomatic uranium, pegmatitic lithium, and hydrothermal gold deposits, as well as lodes of magmatic titanium
ore within these boundaries. The spatial juxtaposition of the Novoukrainsk-Kirovograd granitoid massif and the Korsun-Novomirgorod
rapakivi granite-anorthosite massif is a distinguishing feature of the Kirovograd ore district. The former massif along with
stratified metamorphic rocks forms an intrusive-ultrametamorphic basement, whereas the latter massif is autonomous with respect
to the basement. Taken together, both massifs make up the Novoukrainsk-Korsun-Novomirgorod composite pluton, which determines
the architecture of the Kirovograd ore district not only at the present-day erosion surface but also at deeper levels of the
lithosphere. The uranium, lithium, and gold deposits are localized in the intrusive-ultrametamorphic basement and controlled
by various combinations of intrinsic and superposed structures; the vertical extent of mineralization is also controlled by
their combinations. Some combinations are unique. Primarily, these are triple junctions of superposed faults, which host the
largest metasomatic uranium orebodies. At the same time, the deposits are spatially related to the local mediumscale trough
in topography of the Moho discontinuity. This mantle trench is discordant relative to the Novoukrainsk-Korsun-Novomirgorod
pluton. These and other data discussed in the paper allow us to consider the Kirovograd polymetallic ore district as a Paleoproterozoic
center of crustal-mantle magmatic activity and ore formation. This center was formed 2.1-1.7 Ga ago in the course of juxtaposition
of three development stages differing in associations of intrusive rocks, style of deformation and metamorphism of rocks,
origin and localization of ore deposits. 相似文献
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邹家山铀矿床碱交代蚀变广泛发育,与铀成矿作用关系极为密切。笔者通过野外宏观地质调查和室内岩相学、电子探针分析、常量及微量元素化学分析等方法,初步查明该矿床碱交代型矿石的矿物交代蚀变顺序为钠交代、钾交代、硅质交代。碱性成矿热液先是富Na,而后富K,且两者成分相似,但富K热液更利于铀成矿。与正常碎斑熔岩相比,碱交代型矿石SiO2含量减少,K2O或Na2O、Al2O3、Fe2O3、MgO、P2O5、CaO和U、Th、Zr、Hf、Sm、Ti及REE含量明显增高。与钾交代型矿石相比,钠交代型矿石Rb和REE含量较少,稀土分异强。碱交代作用有利于副矿物蚀变并释放铀,有利于对地层中铀的萃取,有利于铀的稳定迁移。 相似文献
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Nikolay P. Laverov Vasily I. Velichkin Ai Fujiwara Naotatsu Shikazono Alexey P. Aleshin Enver E. Asadulin Vyacheslav N. Golubev Tatiana L. Krylova Alexander A. Pek Igor V. Chernyshev 《Resource Geology》2009,59(4):342-358
It has been shown that the main uranium ore mineral, pitchblende (uranium dioxide), is a natural analog of synthetic uraninite (also uranium dioxide), which constitutes 96% of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). Geochronological studies of the U‐Pb isotope systems in unaltered pitchblende from the orebodies reveal that these systems remained completely closed over the entire period (approximately 135 Ma) since the formation of the deposits. The bulk of the primary uranium ores within the Streltsovskoye ore field was influenced to various degrees by post‐ore hydrothermal solutions that led to pitchblende spherulites being replaced by pseudomorphs of an amorphous phase with a U‐Si composition; this phase also re‐precipitated in veinlets proximal to the pitchblende pseudomorphs. A technique specially developed by the authors was used to carry out quantitative counts of the abundance of uranium minerals by calculating the uranium mass balance in one of the orebodies subjected to hydrothermal alteration. The calculations reveal minimal uranium loss from the orebody. Uranium liberated in the process of the pseudomorphic replacement of pitchblende was immediately fixed, in situ, in the newly formed coffinite‐like amorphous U‐Si phase as a result of the development of an efficient geochemical barrier that prevented the long‐distance migration of uranium. In assessing the long‐term safety of underground SNF repositories, the results of the present study give us confidence that SNF uraninite, in terms of the preservation of its integrity as a mineral phase, provides for the reliable long‐term isolation of uranium, transuranium elements, and fission products that are “sealed” in the uraninite matrix. In the case of the mineral transformation of the uraninite matrix by hydrothermal solutions, the liberated uranium would be efficiently immobilized by the newly formed amorphous U‐Si phase. 相似文献
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I. L. Nedosekova 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(2):129-146
Carbonatites that are hosted in metamorphosed ultramafic massifs in the roof of miaskite intrusions of the Il’mensky-Vishnevogorsky alkaline complex are considered. Carbonatites have been revealed in the Buldym, Khaldikha, Spirikha, and Kagan massifs. The geological setting, structure of carbonatite bodies, distribution of accessory rare-metal mineralization, typomorphism of rock-forming minerals, geochemistry, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions are discussed. Dolomite-calcite carbonatites hosted in ultramafic rocks contain tetraferriphlogopite, richterite, accessory zircon, apatite, magnetite, ilmenite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, and pyrochlore. According to geothermometric data and the composition of rock-forming minerals, the dolomite-calcite carbonatites were formed under K-feldspar-calcite, albite-calcite, and amphibole-dolomite-calcite facies conditions at 575–300°C. The Buldym pyrochlore deposit is related to carbonatites of these facies. In addition, dolomite carbonatites with accessory Nb and REE mineralization (monazite, aeschynite, allanite, REE-pyrochlore, and columbite) are hosted in ultramafic massifs. The dolomite carbonatites were formed under chlorite-sericite-ankerite facies conditions at 300–200°C. The Spirikha REE deposit is related to dolomite carbonatite and alkaline metasomatic rocks. It has been established that carbonatites hosted in ultramafic rocks are characterized by high Sr, Ba, and LREE contents and variable Nb, Zr, Ti, V, and Th contents similar to the geochemical attributes of calcio-and magnesiocarbonatites. The low initial 87Sr/86Sr = 0.7044?0.7045 and εNd ranging from 0.65 to ?3.3 testify to their derivation from a deep mantle source of EM1 type. 相似文献
17.
This work discusses the structural and compositional correlation of an unusual group of rocks that comprise post-folding massifs
and dikes in the eastern Baltic Shield, which formed between 1.85 and 1.7 Ga. Occurring from the Barents Sea in the north
to the Gulf of Finland in the south, these structures are associated with areas of granulite facies rocks that formed under
conditions corresponding to the deep continental crust. Large-scale extension of continental crust, which led to the exhumation
of the granulite complex, simultaneous with the formation of metasomatic formations and manifestations of post-folding magmatism,
was confined to the periphery of a large circular structure, which is interpreted by us as the Baltic nucleus, or a tectonic
portion of the continental crust at the end of early Precambrian. The formation of enriched mantle, a source of the Paleozoic
alkaline melts, can also be associated with these processes of extension. 相似文献
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D. I. Tsarev V. K. Khrustalev V. I. Gal’chenko D. Ts. Ayurzhanaeva 《Geology of Ore Deposits》2007,49(4):297-307
The geology and genesis of a large high-grade silica deposit is considered. It occurs in the form of a quartzite layer, 20–50 m thick, extending for 8 km in conformity with the host Upper Proterozoic silicate-carbonate metasedimentary rocks. The average content of SiO2 is 99.2%. It has been established that quartzite was formed by metasomatic silicification of sandstone during metamorphism of the carbonate-silicate sequence. The rocks were silicified by infiltration acid leaching, whereas long-term refinement of quartzite was provided by diffusion in finely dispersed capillary-porous systems, where the energy of the solution-solid phase interface was important. In the course of metasomatic migration of components, Au, Ag, Pb, Zn, Fe, and other elements were removed from quartzite and formed gold-sulfide mineralization in contact zones of the quartzite body. This opens up opportunities for discovering economic Au-Ag and Pb-Zn ores in the ore field. 相似文献