共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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为方便工程技术人员优化设计并合理地选用降水同心式喷射泵, 介绍了同心式喷射泵井点降水系统结构和应用特点, 建立了深层降水喷射泵降深与结构、性能参数等之间的优化数学模型.既可通过该数学模型, 按降水深度和排水量的要求, 选择工作泵的压力和流量, 设计喷射泵的结构; 又可根据喷射泵设计的数学模型计算特定降深的排水量, 进行深基础降水设计. 相似文献
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软黏土中超长预应力高强度混凝土 管桩竖向承载特性试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
港口码头工程建设将向外海开敞式发展,由于工程地质条件日趋复杂,在超厚软黏土地基上建设高桩码头面临重大难题。因持力层埋深较深,预应力高强度混凝土（PHC）管桩成为设计首选的超长桩基础型式。针对某军用码头85 m设计桩长的试桩进行了试验和数值计算,分析了超长PHC管桩承载力机制与传递规律,基于传递函数法提出改进的双曲函数计算模型,并对垂直静载试桩进行计算。结果表明：桩身轴力和桩顶位移的计算值与实测值吻合较好,证明提出的双曲线模型能够反映轴向承载PHC管桩桩-土相互作用实际情况,能够为软黏土中超长PHC管桩基桩设计提供依据。 相似文献
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Jinbo Chen Robert B. Gilbert 《Georisk: Assessment and Management of Risk for Engineered Systems and Geohazards》2017,11(1):55-69
ABSTRACTRecent hurricanes between 2004 and 2008 in the Gulf of Mexico provide valuable new information about design model biases and uncertainties because multiple offshore platforms were loaded beyond the predicted capacity of their pile systems and because there was a failure of a pile system. A Bayesian calibration of model bias factors based on predicted versus observed performance of pile systems in hurricanes indicates that the conventional American Petroleum Institute design method for pile capacity is slightly conservative by about 10% for base shear (i.e. lateral) failures of pile systems in clay, unbiased for overturning (i.e. axial) failures of pile systems in clay, and conservative by more than 50% for overturning failures of piles systems in sand. The epistemic uncertainty in the updated bias factors is represented by coefficient of variation values of about 0.25 for base shear and overturning failures of pile systems in clay and 0.35 for overturning failures of pile systems in sand. A reliability assessment with the calibrated model bias factors shows that the current design practice produces lower reliability for a pile system with three piles versus one with eight piles and lower reliability for a pile system failing in overturning versus one failing in base shear. Therefore, the current design practice could potentially be improved by taking into account the mode of failure and the redundancy in the pile system to provide for a more uniform level of reliability. 相似文献
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钻杆是煤层瓦斯抽采、探放水和地质勘探等钻孔施工的主要装备之一。由于钻杆受力情况及使用环境复杂，使得因钻杆螺纹失效而导致钻孔孔内事故屡见不鲜。按不同结构分类方式，详细介绍当前煤矿用钻杆螺纹结构特点；总结螺纹应力分布和螺纹失效原因分析的研究现状，螺纹应力分布的研究方法主要有解析法、有限元法和试验法，螺纹失效主要原因包括疲劳破坏、脆断和粘扣等。同时分析了钻杆螺纹在设计、生产过程中存在的问题，包括基础研究不到位、制造技术滞后和钻探新技术对螺纹结构提出更高需求。并结合石油钻杆API螺纹和特殊螺纹的技术现状，探讨煤矿用钻杆螺纹的发展方向，包括开展大直径钻杆螺纹研究、开发煤矿用特殊螺纹、优化螺纹牙受力分布、研究动态循环复合载荷试验方法评判钻杆螺纹的性能等。 相似文献
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This paper deals with the grouted pipe‐roofing reinforcement method that is used in the construction of tunnels through weak grounds. This system consists on installing, prior to the excavation of a length of tunnel, an array of pipes forming a kind of ‘umbrella’ above the area to be excavated. In some cases, these pipes are later used to inject grout to strengthen the ground and ‘connect’ the pipes. This system has proven to be very efficient in reducing tunnel convergence and water inflow when tunnelling through weak grounds. However, due to the geometrical and mechanical complexity of the problem, existing finite element frameworks are inappropriate to simulate tunnelling using this method. In this paper, a mathematical framework based on a homogenization technique to simulate ‘grouted pipe‐roofing reinforced ground’ and its implementation into a 3‐D finite element programme that can consider stage construction situations are presented. The constitutive model developed allows considering the main design parameters of the problem and only requires geometrical and mechanical properties of the constituents. Additionally, the use of a homogenization approach implies that the generation of the finite element mesh can be easily produced and that re‐meshing is not required as basic geometrical parameters such as the orientation of the pipes are changed. The model developed is used to simulate tunnelling with the grouted pipe‐roofing reinforcement method. From the analyses, the effects of the main design parameters on the elastic and the elastoplastic analyses are considered. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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弱透水层水力参数对基础工程设计、建设和地下水资源评价、地下水污染预测具有重要意义。现提出一种现场确定含水层系统中弱透水层水力参数的钻孔双管试验方法。利用麻花钻钻孔,到达地下水位线以下揭露到目的层位后布设外管,以起到护壁防止土层塌孔的作用。在外管内通过锤击的方式将内管嵌入到目的层中,使其下部管中有一定厚度的土样作为现场固定试验土柱。待内外管中地下水位稳定后迅速加高内管水头,并通过马里奥特瓶装置保持定水头。建立钻孔双管试验土柱的数学模型,推导了土柱顶底面单位面积流量随时间变化的解析解,将其无量纲化后作出标准曲线。作为该方法应用的实例,在长江下游三角洲苏锡常冲积平原的常州天宁区德安医院附近的空旷场地进行了专门的钻孔试验。确定了该地区的细砂质粉土和粉质黏土的渗透系数和贮水率分别为：K=1.66×10?6 m/s,?s =8.21×10?3 m?1;K=6.06×10?7 m/s,?s =2.26×10?3 m?1。结果表明,该方法对于现场确定弱透水层的水力参数有较好的适用性。 相似文献
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The extensive area of Postglacial soft silty clay at the head of Belfast Lough has caused many engineering problems in the central Belfast area. The clay is usually considered unsuitable as a bearing stratum, and consequently little attention has been paid in the past to detailed examination of its stress-strain behaviour. However, in the light of recent advances in foundation design based on clearer understanding of the response of soft clay to applied loading, tests have recently been carried out on typical samples of Belfast clay to achieve a more fundamental insight into the behaviour of the material. The paper describes triaxial tests on hand-trimmed samples of the clay and examines the behaviour with respect to yield and failure criteria, porewater pressure generation during shear, dependence of strength on direction and rate of testing, and “elastic” properties of the soil. The results show that the clay is lightly over-consolidated in the field, and that its behaviour is much more brittle, elastic and anisotropic than is suggested by routine sampling and testing procedures. 相似文献
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本文首先分析了钻杆的受力情况和失效机理,综述了仿竹材料和结构的发展现状,最后提出了利用仿竹材料(纤维)和螺旋结构来提高钻杆韧性的设想且给出了部分现阶段可实施建议,即对现有钻杆材料进行纤维改性或者碳纤维上面镀钢,同时改变钻杆壁的一些结构(外厚内薄的多层仿竹纤维以不同升角分布)。 相似文献
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基于MapInfo的城市综合管网信息系统的开发 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
在分析城市综合管网信息管理现状和发展趋势的基础上,初步论述了在GIS平台下开发城市综合地下管网信息系统的意义和步骤,分析了系统应具有的功能和开发模式,并在此基础上介绍了开发设计的城市综合管网信息系统。 相似文献
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A failure occurred between December 14 and 17, 2008 in the upper part of a 45-m high, northwest facing bank of the Nelson River in northern Manitoba (56.687°N, 93.777°W). The slope failure occurred at a spring site in a bay associated with a buried valley. The sediment input to the river from this event is roughly 20,000 to 25,000 m3. The source zone is made up of 25 m of water-bearing sand and gravel confined between ice-rich silty clay at the top of the bank and laminated to rhythmically bedded silt and clay at the base of the section. The collapse was confined to the material above the basal silts and clays and was associated with a perched groundwater flow system. A strong argument for drainage cutoff by the advancement of seasonal frost has been demonstrated through the correlation of the bank collapse with the timing of a significant cold snap recorded at two nearby weather stations. The failure illustrates the importance of stratigraphy in controlling bank erosion in this area. Previously, fluvial erosion was seen as an important control on mass wasting in Horseshoe Bay. However, surface information suggests that no toe erosion except to remove the slide deposit has occurred at this site since 2004. 相似文献
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软土地基上路堤填筑的破坏性状分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在软土地区建设高速公路、铁路等的填筑路堤越来越多,由于软土的不排水抗剪强度较低,软土地区路堤的填筑十分困难,而软土地基的渗透性很低,通常认为路堤的填筑是在不排水条件下进行。经典的设计方法是基于极限平衡法,无法考虑变形等因素,因此,能综合考虑稳定及变形等因素的有限元方法成为分析此类问题的一种有效手段。依据连云港铁路路堤在软土地基上的填筑试验资料,采用大变形有限元方法及Mohr-Coulomb模型,采用现场试验得到的土体强度值,对平面应变条件下路堤填筑的破坏性状及极限填筑高度等进行了分析,并对比了有限元分析结果及现场试验结果,结果表明,采用大变形有限元方法能够较准确的得到填筑路堤的极限高度,并有效地分析填筑路堤的破坏性状。 相似文献
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为研究管幕法群管顶进施工过程中地表位移变化规律,依托上海田林路下穿中环隧道工程,对地表位移实测数据进行了详细分析。通过数据处理发现,管幕施工期间变形发展可细分为7个阶段,其中包括4个推进阶段、3个暂停推进阶段。管幕推进阶段的地表位移由地层损失沉降和注浆引起的地表隆起叠加而成;暂停推进阶段的地表沉降主要是固结沉降。运用Peck公式对地表位移进行描述,通过现场数据反分析出各根钢管推进时的沉降槽宽度系数i和地层损失率η。基于分析结果,提出了适用于上海软黏土的i和η 计算公式,其中i的公式只与钢管半径R、钢管埋深h和土体内摩擦角φ 有关,而η的公式表达成随时间的双曲线函数。注浆导致的地表隆起可分解成各根钢管顶进伴随注浆造成的负地层损失。运用上述方法对地表位移进行预测,并与实测结果对比,验证了文中方法的正确性,成果可对类似管幕法工程施工引起的地表位移预测提供科学参考。 相似文献
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This paper investigates the influence of heterogeneity of undrained shear strength on the reliability of, and risk posed by, a long slope cut in clay, for different depths of foundation layer. The clay has been idealised as a linear elastic, perfectly plastic Von Mises material and its spatial variability has been modelled using random field theory, whereas slope performance has been computed using a parallel 3D finite element program. The results of Monte Carlo simulations confirm previous findings that three categories of failure mode are possible and that these are significantly influenced by the horizontal scale of fluctuation relative to the slope geometry. In particular, discrete 3D failures are likely for intermediate scales of fluctuation and, in this case, reliability is a function of slope length. The risk posed by potential slides has been quantified in terms of slide volumes and slide lengths, which have been estimated by considering the computed out-of-face displacements. The results show that, for a given horizontal scale of fluctuation relative to the slope geometry, there is a wide range of possible slide volumes and slide geometries. Indeed, the results highlight just how difficult it is to compute a 2D slope failure in a heterogeneous soil. However, they also indicate that, for low probabilities of failure, the volumes of potential slides can be small. This suggests that, for some problems, it may not be necessary to design to very small probabilities of failure, due to the reduced consequence of failure in this case. The techniques developed in this paper will be important in benchmarking simpler 2D and 3D solutions used in design, as there is a need to quantify slide geometries when benchmarking simpler methods based on predefined failure mechanisms. 相似文献
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开口桩打桩过程中桩端土体进入桩管内形成土芯,土芯在大直径钢管桩、新研发的大直径现浇混凝土薄壁筒桩的作用不容忽视,通过闭塞效应土芯会提高开口桩的承载力,减小桩的沉降量。比较分析了目前国际上两种土芯闭塞效应定义方法,研究认为,从土芯破坏机制出发定义土芯是否产生闭塞效应更为合理;并从土芯的形成出发,探讨了影响土芯形成及闭塞效应的各种因素,如桩径、桩端土的承载力、土芯与桩内壁的摩阻力等,此外还应考虑桩端土体侧向水平应力的影响。最后讨论了ICP方法中砂土及黏土中开口桩土芯闭塞效应的判别方式,认为该判别方式过于粗略,不能很好地反映土芯闭塞情况。 相似文献
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本研究旨在对黏土中的桶式基础进行从完整的有限元分析到简化的宏单元的建模。首先通过有限元方法分析了在不同单调组合荷载作用下的黏土中吸力桶基础。为保证模拟结果的可靠性,采用了硬化土模型（HS）对正常固结黏土地基进行模拟。通过对比离心试验验证了使用HS模型的有限元分析的有效性,并通过径向位移试验进一步延伸到V-H-M（竖向力-水平力-弯矩）空间的破坏模式研究,并在此基础上,提出了的V-H-M空间三维破坏包络面公式。接着,应用此三维破坏包络面公式,采用亚塑性框架提出了黏土中桶式基础的宏单元设计模型。通过与试验结果的比较,验证了宏单元模型在模拟单调和循环荷载条件下桶式基础的强度与变形响应的有效性。所提的宏单元模型对于海洋岩土工程设计实践将很有帮助。 相似文献
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裂隙性粘土边坡渐进性破坏的FLAC模拟 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
裂隙性粘土是一种具有特殊性质的粘土,这种粘土边坡的破坏是渐进性的,传统的极限平衡法无法描述分析它的破坏过程和机理,也无法精确地判断它的长期稳定性。用FLAC程序对裂隙性粘土边坡的渐进性破坏过程进行了描述,算例表明在一定程度上用FLAC程序来模拟边坡渐进破坏和进行稳定性判断是可行的。 相似文献
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吸力基础具有施工方便、可回收利用及造价低等优点，在海洋平台及海上风电工程中得到了成功应用。吸力基础用于系泊深海浮动式平台时，抗拔承载特性是工程设计的重要因素。海上风电场面临着服役期满后的升级改造问题，需采用更大功率的发电设备，风机叶片直径、塔架高度随之增加，原基础难以满足新的设计要求，从可持续发展角度，塔架基础的拔出、回收等方面正逐渐引起人们的高度重视。本文介绍了吸力基础抗拔、拔出特性方面取得的研究成果，阐述了影响基础抗拔和拔出特性的因素，阐明了吸力基础拔出的力学机制与作用机理。通过文献调研推断:注水拔出吸力基础，砂土会发生渗流破坏，黏土会产生劈裂破坏，会导致基础无法继续上拔，应结合拉力上拔或振动法对基础进行回收。 相似文献