共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
Spatial and temporal knowledge representation 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Antony Galton 《Earth Science Informatics》2009,2(3):169-187
Knowledge Representation (KR) originated as a discipline within Artificial Intelligence, and is concerned with the representation
of knowledge in symbolic form so that it can be stored and manipulated on a computer. This article surveys that part of KR
that is concerned with the representation of space and time, with particular reference to the use of such representations
in geographical information science.
相似文献
| Antony GaltonEmail: |
2.
Melt inclusion formation mechanisms and compositional effects in high-An feldspar and high-Fo olivine in anhydrous mafic silicate liquids 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Important aspects of melt inclusion formation and potential compositions effects have been addressed through a series of experiments using anorthite/fosterite saturated anhydrous mafic liquids. Experimental charges were cooled from 1,300 to 1,230 and 1,210°C at rates of 1–10°/min followed by 0–24 h isothermal periods. Hopper and skeletal crystal morphologies with variable degrees of completeness developed during the cooling period. Planar overgrowth of these textures during isothermal periods led to the formation of inclusions, the majority of which formed after 6 h of isothermal run time. We suggest that the change in morphologies is related to a decrease in growth rates and changes in dominant growth mechanisms. In general, inclusion compositions were uniform and similar to the host glass, indicating that with the isothermal times required for most inclusions to form, a boundary layer was not entrapped that could be detected within the limits of our analyses.
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| Edward KohutEmail: Phone: +1-541-7373023Fax: +1-541-7371200 |
| Roger L. NielsenEmail: Phone: +1-541-7371235 |
3.
Space Physics Interactive Data Resource—SPIDR 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mikhail Zhizhin Eric Kihn Rob Redmon Dmitry Medvedev Dmitry Mishin 《Earth Science Informatics》2008,1(2):79-91
SPIDR (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource) is a standard data source for solar-terrestrial physics, functioning within
the framework of the ICSU World Data Centers. It is a distributed database and application server network, built to select,
visualize and model historical space weather data distributed across the Internet. SPIDR can work as a fully-functional web-application
(portal) or as a grid of web-services, providing functions for other applications to access its data holdings.
相似文献
| Mikhail ZhizhinEmail: |
4.
Almost annually, natural hazards such as floods and landslides cause a great deal of financial loss and human suffering in
Taiwan. In order to gain a better understanding of disaster preparedness, this paper examines several factors in relation
to hazard mitigation behavior: social economic status (education, income), psychological vulnerability (sense of powerless
and helpless), risk perception (perceived impact and control) and social trust. The statistical analysis reported here is
based on the “2004 National Risk Perception Survey of Floods and Landslides in Taiwan”. The main findings include: (1) in
comparison with general public, victims are less willing to adopt risk mitigation measures than the public, even though they
perceive larger impacts, worry more about the hazard, and pay more attention to hazard information; (2) trust, risk perception
and social economic status are positive predictors for mitigation intentions, whereas psychological vulnerability is a negative
predictor; and (3) psychological variables are stronger predictors for mitigation intentions than that of socio-economic variables.
In light of these findings, the policy implications and intervention strategy are also discussed.
相似文献
| Shuyeu LinEmail: |
5.
A comparison of TRMM to other basin-scale estimates of rainfall during the 1999 Hurricane Floyd flood 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
The volumetric rainfall attributed to Hurricane Floyd in 1999 was computed for the bulk of the Tar, Neuse, and Cape Fear River
Basins in eastern North Carolina, USA from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis
(TMPA) research product, and compared with volumes computed using kriged gauge data and one centrally located radar. TMPA
showed similar features in the band of heaviest rainfall with kriged and radar data, but was higher in the basin-scale integrations.
Furthermore, Floyd’s direct runoff volumes were computed and divided by the volumetric rainfall estimates to give runoff coefficients
for the three basins. The TMPA, having the larger storm totals, would suggest greater infiltration during Floyd than the gauge
and radar estimates would. Finally, we discuss a concept for adjusting the United States Department of Agriculture Natural
Resources Conservation Service rainfall-runoff model when predicting discharge values from real-time TMPA in ungauged river
basins.
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| Scott CurtisEmail: |
6.
This paper describes an application of the geographic information system (GIS) technology to a ground stability assessment
in the karst area of Dzerzhinsk, Russia. In the stability analysis, the groundwater level changes in the karst aquifer could
cause suffosion sinkholes when the gravitational force was greater than the soil strength. The GIS technology was used to
combine various data and to delineate the zones of potential gravitational collapse and suffosion collapse in the area.
相似文献
| V. V. TolmachevEmail: |
7.
The aim of this paper is to use an economic framework to derive decision making rules for river basin management with a focus on groundwater resources. Using an example from northern Nigeria, the paper provides an example of how decision making for sustainable water resources management may be facilitated by comparing net benefits and costs across a river basin. It is argued that economic tools can be used to assess the value of water resources in different uses, identify and analyze management scenarios, and provide decision rules for the sustainable use and management of surface and ground water resources in the region.
相似文献
| Gayatri AcharyaEmail: |
8.
Social vulnerability and seismic risk perception. Case study: the historic center of the Bucharest Municipality/Romania 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
Iuliana Armaş 《Natural Hazards》2008,47(3):397-410
Social vulnerability is as much a part of risk as building damage, hazard magnitude, and economic loss. Social vulnerability refers to the capacity of a human community exposed during the impact of a natural hazard event (in this case, an earthquake)
to resist, cope with, and recover from that impact. In the perspective of the 3rd millennium, we come to understand that the
most efficient and accessible way to reduce the pressure of natural risks is to reduce the vulnerability level of the human
communities exposed to that certain hazard. This study aims to test, in an exposed and vulnerable area, the relationship between
social vulnerability and the perception of the seismic risk. The research focuses only on the first level of social vulnerability,
defined as the ability of an individual within a household to recover from a natural hazard impact (Dwyer et al. 2004). A prevailing assumption was that social vulnerability influences the level of perception of the seismic risk, in an exposed, vulnerable area. To this end, two samples were used, different under the aspect of social vulnerability, in the context of the same residential
area. Social vulnerability was computed as a normalized composed index that includes the poverty ratio and the demographic
vulnerability ratio (depending on the age, gender, and education level indicators). The statistical processing has indicated
a significant difference in the high perception level for the two samples that were compared, in the sense that in the context
of an increased level of social vulnerability, people generally better acknowledge the seismic risk.
相似文献
| Iuliana ArmaşEmail: |
9.
The advent of the Virtual Observatory has begun an evolution in the space physics data environment. A number of nascent and
discipline specific Virtual Observatories have started to emerge with an emphasis on data search and retrieval. As this new
data environment takes shape an emphasis will be placed on interdisciplinary communication in attempts to address large scale
and global problems. To this end we formulate the development of a query language to facilitate Virtual Observatory to Virtual
Observatory communication. Furthermore, we outline the goals of such a language, how it would work and how existing community
efforts can be leveraged to speed the development of this query language.
相似文献
| T.W. NarockEmail: |
10.
Predicting environmental conditions to minimise salt damage at the Tower of London: a comparison of two approaches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Clifford A. Price 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(2):369-374
The paper compares the results of two studies of salt damage at the Wakefield Tower, Tower of London. The first, in 1993,
was based on semi-quantitative salt analysis and hygroscopicity measurements. The second was based on quantitative analysis
and a thermodynamic model, ECOS. Both studies aimed to predict environmental conditions that would minimise salt damage to
the interior stonework. Their predictions are markedly different, and this paper examines the reasons for the differences.
It is shown that hygroscopicity alone is not a reliable indicator of crystallisation from mixed salt solutions.
相似文献
| Clifford A. PriceEmail: |
11.
Igor Vojnovic 《GeoJournal》2007,69(4):271-300
Throughout the 20th century, government in the U.S. has gone through significant changes; initially responding to the disorder
of early capitalism, and later, to the economic crisis of the 1970s. This article will explore the changes in the U.S. political
landscape over the last century, as well as the recent rise of neo-liberalism. In addition, with the analysis of the model
laissez-faire municipal government, the City of Houston, the article will illustrate how the basic weaknesses of neoliberalism
at the national level are also evident at the local scale of government.
相似文献
| Igor VojnovicEmail: |
12.
Summary The question of alternative technologies for high-speed Internet access lies at the heart of rural development problems. In
this paper, we focus on one of those technologies, the system combining satellite technologies and Wi-Fi. Based on an empirical
study carried out in three rural areas, we analyze the dynamics of the use and appropriation of that technology by the companies
and organizations participating in the experiment. Considered both from a technical and social standpoint, the technology
‘in use’ appears here in its structuring dimensions.
相似文献
| Valérie FautreroEmail: |
13.
Metal cycling via physical and chemical weathering of discrete sources (copper mines) and regional (non-point) sources (sulfide-rich shale) is evaluated by examining the mineralogy and chemistry of weathering products in Great Smoky Mountains National Park, Tennessee, and North Carolina, USA. The elements in copper mine waste, secondary minerals, stream sediments, and waters that are most likely to have negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems are aluminum, copper, zinc, and arsenic because these elements locally exceed toxicity guidelines for surface waters or for stream sediments. Acid-mine drainage has not developed in streams draining inactive copper mines. Acid-rock drainage and chemical weathering processes that accompany debris flows or human disturbances of sulfidic rocks are comparable to processes that develop acid-mine drainage elsewhere. Despite the high rainfall in the mountain range, sheltered areas and intermittent dry spells provide local venues for development of secondary weathering products that can impact aquatic ecosystems.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article if you access the article at . A link in the frame on the left on that page takes you directly to the supplementary material.
相似文献
| Jane M. HammarstromEmail: Phone: +1-703-6486165Fax: +1-703-6486252 |
14.
David Havlick 《GeoJournal》2007,69(3):151-164
Since 1988, more than 20 US military bases have been redesignated as national wildlife refuges. In order to understand the
processes of these military-to-wildlife (M2W) conversions and their implications, I examine three logics that help to produce
these particular changes: Biodiversity, Brownfields, and Serendipity. These logics contribute to a broader discourse of ecological
militarization that frames military practices as compatible with and contributing to environmental protection. I focus on
the case of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal, Colorado, USA, to examine how these logics of conversion are mobilized into practice,
and what such changes mean as they bring militarism and environmental conservation together in reconfigured spaces.
相似文献
| David HavlickEmail: |
15.
Perception of flood risk in Danube Delta,Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
For exposed and vulnerable communities, the perception of natural risk is an essential link in the analysis of man–environment
coping relationship and also an important parameter in the quantification of complex vulnerability as a central predictive
variable in the risk equation. The topic of flood risk in related perception is of considerable interest, as some recently
published papers have proven (Messner and Meyer 2005, 2006; Raaijmakers et al. 2008). The aim of the current study is to reveal the conscious and unconscious attitudes towards the flood risk for the inhabitants
of the Danube Delta/Romania. These attitudes, defined by different degrees of psychological vulnerability, represent the background
for a series of psycho-behavioural patterns that generate certain adjustment mechanisms and strategies. Application of a specially
designed questionnaire and the statistical analysis of the results revealed two psychological factors as essential in establishing
the psychosocial vulnerability degree of the interviewed subjects: (i) an internal control factor and (ii) an external control
factor. The persons characterized by inner control have a significantly reduced general anxiety level in comparison to individuals
with the control factor placed externally. As confidence diminishes, it increases the tendency of the individual to rely on
the external factors for support and security. The lack of resources (indicating lower resilience) and mistrust in the support
given emphasizes non-adaptive behaviours.
相似文献
| Iuliana ArmaşEmail: |
16.
Sarah F. Ives 《GeoJournal》2009,74(3):245-255
Using a discussion of South African soap operas, I will place the idea of visuality in a discourse analysis that incorporates
a feminist epistemological lens, or an epistemology that integrates reflexivity and an acknowledgment of the dialogic nature
of visual media. Through this discussion, I will examine the possibilities that dialogism provides for unpacking and exploring
the politics of imperfect translation between the visual and the textual. These methodological interventions, I argue, will
help enrich discussions of the visual’s role in the contested realm of geographic imaginations and move beyond the distanced
position of the masculine gaze.
相似文献
| Sarah F. IvesEmail: |
17.
The irreversible water–rock mass exchanges leading to the production of the Fiume Grande valley (Calabria, Italy) stream waters
and groundwaters, starting from local rainwaters, were simulated through reaction path modeling in reaction progress (stoichiometric)
mode. The simulations assumed bulk dissolution of a phyllitic rock and calcite and precipitation of gibbsite, kaolinite, amorphous
silica, illite, a smectite solid mixture, a hydroxide solid mixture, and a trigonal carbonate solid mixture. The analytical
contents of major and trace elements in stream waters and groundwaters were satisfactorily reproduced. However, further investigations
are necessary to clarify the fate of As in this natural systems.
相似文献
| Rosanna De RosaEmail: |
18.
Anthony John Christopher 《GeoJournal》2006,67(2):123-136
The pattern of Church of England dioceses has evolved over a period of 1,400 years. It reflects the practical response of
the Church to the changing political and demographic patterns of the country. No ideal size and form of diocese was ever devised
and few systematic attempts were made to achieve a degree of equity between them. The constitutional link between state and
church has inhibited change for the last 80 years, although society has changed significantly. Nevertheless, rapid constitutional
reforms, especially in the House of Lords, may be reflected in ecclesiastical reorganisation of the dioceses.
相似文献
| Anthony John ChristopherEmail: |
19.
Giorgio Hadi Curti 《GeoJournal》2009,74(3):201-208
Ostensibly, subtitles in films serve as linguistic approximations of meaning. Expectedly then, much of the debate surrounding
subtitling has been concerned with representational accuracy, fidelity and authenticity. In this article I argue that by encountering
subtitles as affective bodily expressions, as opposed to approximate representations of pre-existent meanings or intentions,
filmic experiences may be(come) transformed and differently transformational. As a result, meaning and accuracy in subtitles
as superimposed signifiers or static representations become secondary to subtitles as spatially affective- and expressive-movements
intimately part of filmic scapes. The creative use of subtitling in Bekmambetov’s Russian language film Night Watch (Nochnoy dozor; 2006 [2004]) is discussed.
相似文献
| Giorgio Hadi CurtiEmail: |
20.
Tornado shelters and the manufactured home parks market 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
Manufactured or mobile homes represent a fast growing portion of the housing market but are particularly vulnerable to tornadoes.
In the US over 40% of tornado fatalities occur in mobile homes even though they comprise about 8% of US housing units. We
examine the market for tornado shelters in manufactured home parks in Oklahoma. Almost 60% of parks in the state have shelters,
with 90% of the shelters underground. Parks with shelters are not concentrated in urban areas but spread across the state,
with parks with shelters in 32 counties. We find that rents for lots in parks with shelters are 5–8% higher, which generates
sufficient revenue to approximately pay for shelters, but the point estimate is statistically significant in only one specification.
相似文献
| Daniel Sutter (Corresponding author)Email: |