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1.
Phase changing variations between Be and shell stars are considered from the viewpoint of the formation of shell absorption lines in the envelopes of these stars. Typical shell stars are characterized by large optical depths of the envelopes in the H line (H) in a range of 2000 to 5000, whereas the envelopes of typical Be stars are optically thinner with the values of (H)100. This infers that the envelopes of Be stars should be fully expanded as compared to those of shell stars, so as to reduce the optical thickness. Spectral formation in shell stars shows that their envelopes are well condensed near the equatorial planes forming disks or rings. In this paper a simple model of transformation from a disk envelope of shell star to a spherical envelope of Be star is considered to show the relative volume and volume emission measures of the envelopes in both phases. The phase change variations observed in Pleione and in other Be and shell stars are discussed based on this simple consideration. Some implications of the present model in the linear polarization, IR-excess, UV spectra and the radiation field of the envelope are also discussed briefly.  相似文献   

2.
We present a series of optical spectroscopic andnear-infrared photometric observations of the Be star X Persei, from thebeginning of the recent emission phase. Our data show that after the latestextended low state (ELS), both the equivalent width (EW) of theH emission line and the JHK luminosities gradually increased. Therecent maximum H EW and JHK magnitudes are more than butcomparable to the 1986–1989 maxima, which reflects a more extensiveand denser envelope in the new emission phase.The IR photometry and the H EW increase coincidently in theearly stage of the new emission phase. However, the variations in thefollowing years, especially in 1994 and 1995, are much different from theearly trend. An unusual variation that while the H EW in X Perincreases considerably, the JHK magnitudes decline rapidly is seen in ournearly simultaneous spectroscopic and near-infrared observations.An expanding ring model is put forward to interpret the observedunusual variation between the H EW and near-IR luminosity duringthe recent emission phase of X Persei. Our results indicate that althoughboth infrared excess and H emission line arise from the envelope,their main contributors, in some cases, are likely to originate in thedifferent part of the envelope.  相似文献   

3.
Photoelectric spectrum scans of the Be shell star Per in the H region have been taken to investigate the variations of H emission lines. Definite variations with time-scales of a few minutes have been detected. It is hoped that hydromagnetic instability within the envelope is responsible for such variations.  相似文献   

4.
H. Zirin 《Solar physics》1978,58(1):95-120
I have studied a number of flares for which good X-ray and optical data were available. An average lag of 5.5 s between hard X-ray (HXR) start and H start, and HXR peak and Ha peak was found for 41 flares for which determination was possible. Allowing for time constants the time lag is zero. The peak H lasts until 5–6 keV soft X-ray (SXR) peak. The level of H intensity is determined by the SXR flux.Multiple spikes in HXR appear to correspond to different occurrences in the flare development. Flares with HXR always have a fast H rise. Several flares were observed in the 3835 band; such emission appears when the 5.1–6.6 keV flux exceeds 5 × 104 ph cm-2 s-1 at the Earth. Smaller flares produce no 3835 emission; we conclude that coronal back conduction cannot produce the bright chromospheric network of that wavelength.The nearly simultaneous growth of H emission at distant points means an agent travelling faster than 5 × 103 km s-1 is responsible, presumably electrons.In all cases near the limb an elevated Ha source is seen with the same time duration as HXR flux; it is concluded that this H source is almost always an elevated cloud which is excited by the fast electrons. A rough calculation is given. Another calculation of H emission from compressed coronal material shows it to be inadequate.In several cases homologous flares occur within hours with the same X-ray properties.Radio models fit, more or less, with field strengths on the order of 100G. A number of flares are discussed in detail.  相似文献   

5.
In the time period from 1972-1993, the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 showed large variations of its optical continuum and broad emission line fluxes. The broad H and H emission lines have approximately the same profiles, which retain their shape during flux variations. The relationship between the continuum and emission line fluxes varies with time. The spectral energy distribution of the variable continuum based on UBVRI data has the form lgF() lg, with the dereddened = -0.60.  相似文献   

6.
The region around the Herbig Ae/Be star LkH198 was imaged at 10m with the CAMIRAS camera at the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope and the Nordic Optical Telescope. We discovered a deeply embedded companion 6 north of LkH198, which may be responsible for most of the far-infrared emission in the region and for driving the molecular flow. LkH198 appears point-like at our resolution (FWHM 1.3), excluding an extended envelope of transiently heated small grains as the dominant origin of the mid-infrared excess in that star.  相似文献   

7.
You  Jianqi  Hiei  Eijiro  Li  Hui 《Solar physics》2003,217(2):235-245
After carefully comparing the white-light (5600±00 Å) and the slit-jaw H images (0.5 Å  passband) of the 2N/X20 white-light flare of 16 August 1989, we found that the H counterpart identification of the bright kernels in continuum by Hiei, Nakagomi, and Takuma (1992) was incorrect. Now we come to the conclusion that none of the two white-light kernels has a corresponding bright H area. Moreover, the loop shapes in white-light are also different from those in H. H loops rose more rapidly than white-light loops. However, their height–time variations on the whole are similar. This indicates that the continuum and chromospheric emissions of the flare presumably come from different plasmas, but may be modulated by some mutual factors, such as large-scale magnetic fields. Analysis of the Hei 10830 Å spectra taken simultaneously with the slit-jaw H images shows that the line-center intensity of Hei 10830 Å doesn't have a good correlation with the intensity of nearby continuum, which supports the above conclusions. In addition, the electron density at the white-light loop top estimated from the continuum around 5600 Å  and 10830 Å  is as high as 1012–1013 cm–3.  相似文献   

8.
Very faint H emission in the solar corona registered on over-exposed photographs made by a coronagraph and an H filter is studied. The over-exposed filtergrams have been processed by a Joyce Loebl automated microdensitometer and the two-dimensional scans have been analysed by the residual image method. A classification of the faint H emission objects, revealed on the isodensity maps, is proposed and the latitudinal distribution, the morphology, and the location with respect to the other active phenomena are analysed. Taking into account some possible plasma effects that could be caused by coronal magnetic field changes, a hydromagnetic interpretation of the faint H emission is proposed.  相似文献   

9.
The H observations of a selected sample of bright Be stars are presented. The available infrared observations at K band (2.2 m) of these stars have been used to find the infrared excess emission. The analysis of the combined data show thatL H, the luminosity of the H emission line, is proportional toL IR, the luminosity of the infrared excess emission. The linear correlation betweenL IR andL H shows that both the infrared excess and the H line originate in a common region. It is also detected that the infrared excess emission is produced throughout the whole envelope whereas the H is emitted in some defined region of the circumstellar (CS) envelope.  相似文献   

10.
We present high quality spectroscopic observations of a sample of 14 low ionization nuclear emission-line regions (LINERs). Starlight removal is achieved by the subtraction of a suitable absorption-line template galaxy, allowing accurate measurements of emission lines. We use these line fluxes to examine the possible excitation mechanisms of LINERs. We suggest that LINERs with weak [O I] 6300 emission ([O I]/H < 1/6) may beH II regions photoionized by unusually hot O-type stars. LINERs with [O I]/H < 1/6 may be powered by photoionization from a nonstellar continuum. This is supported by the detection of broad h emission, a correlation between line width and critical density, and point-like X-ray emission in several of these objects.  相似文献   

11.
Rapid observations of H profiles of eight Be stars have been obtained and it is found that rapid (in a time-scale of 4 to 6 minutes) and irregular variations of total emission strength of H line are present in these stars. It has been suggested that these variations may be due to the material circulation in the envelope of Be stars.  相似文献   

12.
Spectrum scans of the head of Comet Bradfield (1980t) covering the wavelength range 365–640 nm were made on two nights when the heliocentric distance of the comet varied from 0.55 to 0.58 AU. The emission features of the CN band at 388 nm and Swan band sequence of C2 at 474 nm, 516 nm, and 563 nm are identified and absolute fluxes in these bands as well as in the continuum are derived. The continuum energy distribution curves of the comet have been compared with those of the Sun and the star Crv (G5 III). An estimate of the number of C2 and CN molecules in the head of the comet has been made through the measured intensities of their respective bands lying in this region.  相似文献   

13.
D3 and H pictures of prominences were obtained with a 21-in. Lyot coronograph and a Fabry-Perot etalon used as a narrow band filter. The monochromatic images of quiescent, quasiquiescent and loop-prominences were studied. The comparison of the isophotes of quiescent and quasi-quiescent prominences in D3 with those in H shows the similarity of the prominence structure at both wavelength, although there is a strong tendency for an increase in the intensity ratio D3/H in the upper region of prominences. It seems that it is due to lower temperature in the upper regions of prominences. Probably, the relaxation processes establishing ionization equilibrium play some role. Measurements of the knot intensities of the loop-prominence show strong variations of the intensity ratio D3/H (more than one order of magnitude).  相似文献   

14.
Spectral and photoelectric (ubvy, H, H) observations of the Herbig Ae/Be star HD 259431 are reported. It is found that as its brightness fades, this star becomes bluer in the Paschen continuum and the intensity and equivalent width of the hydrogen emission lines increase. The spectral observations reveal significant variations in the intensity of the Mg II 4481 Å photospheric absorption line. A rise and fall in the luminosity by 0m.04 within a period of 5-7 minutes was recorded. Radical variations in the H lineshape ("double" "P Cyg") and flare activity are not only observed in this star, but also in a number of HAEBE stars. It is suggested that flare activity may initiate a change in the velocity gradient at the base of the wind and, thereby, induce "double P Cyg" or "P Cyg single" transitions. The nonradial pulsations of this star are also discussed.  相似文献   

15.
The equivalent widths of the oxygen lines at 7774 and 8446 and of H (and some H) have been measured for 22 early-type, emission-line stars. A strong correlation between H and 8446 intensities has been found, although there is no such correlation between H and 7774. This confirms the probability that Bowen's mechanism is operative (the neutral oxygen 33 D state is overpopulated because the excitation energy of Ly- nearly coincides with that of theOi 1025 line). The possibility of using 8446 and H equivalent widths for a comparison of oxygen to hydrogen abundances in these stars is discussed.  相似文献   

16.
On the basis of an analytical solution of the diffusion-type kinetic equation for electrons, electron distributions and radiation spectra have been found which result from a hard injection of particles in sources of the core halo type, characterized by spatially nonuniform magnetic fields and diffusion parameters. Such radio sources are shown to possess nonlinear radiation spectra containing universal (=0.5) and diffusion-controlled power-law sections shaped by synchrotron losses, spatial diffusion and radiation conditions of the electrons. The diffusion-controlled sections can be described by spectral indices 0.5<1, if the magnetic field decreases towards the source edge, and by <0.5 where the magnetic field increases.  相似文献   

17.
In the field partsH, K, L andM of the Orion Nebula, indicated in Figure 2, no obvious differences do appear in the monochromatic photographs obtained in H+[Nii], [Oii], the visual continuum and the range of the Balmer continuum. A different situation we meet in the rest of the field, where one observes two types of featuresA andB, distinguished in Figure 1 by solid and dashed bordering lines respectively. Relative to the conditions in the H+[Nii] pictures, the typeA areas gain in intensity in the photographs taken in the visual continuum. the emission in the forbidden [Oii] lines at 3727 Å is correlated with H+[Nii], the emission in the range of the Balmer continuum with the visual continuum. According to these properties theA-areas must have a particularly high percentage of scattered star light.Most of the areas with identical monochromatic features show a high deficiency of cluster stars correlated with a low surface brightnesss and a reduced gas density. This is explained by an opaqueness of the emission strata in the direction in the line of sight and a position of the same nearer to the observer than the extension of the cluster. There appear surface structures at large distances from the Trapezium which show a correlation between the intensity of scattered star light and the intensity of the emission of the higher ions ([Oiii], [Neiii]). This observation is considered as a proof that canals through the nebular cloud complex allow in some directions the exciting radiation to reach large distances from the star without having suffered an appreciable absorption or scattering.  相似文献   

18.
Spectral observations of 53 H-emission objects of the HII-region IC 1396 were carried out with moderate resolution using the 2.6m telescope of the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory. Factor analysis of this observational material indicates that there are two dominant factors. Factor 1 (Fig. 1), which is the more significant factor, resembles the spectrum of a star of spectral type F5 with a strong H line in absorption. Factor 2 (Fig. 2), in contrast, appears as a later-type spectrum with H and H in emission. The result obtained can be explained by the transient nature of the H-emission.Translated fromAstrofizika, Vol. 37, No. 3, 1994.  相似文献   

19.
Large field H observations of the Milky Way between Carina and Aquila were made through a narrow interference filter 15 wide. Characteristic large-scale features of the observed region are extended emission areas in Carina, Norma-Scorpius and Scutum-Sagittarius and some weak isolated nebulosities near the Coal Sac, Centauri and Normae. H photographs, a chart mapping the emission, and a list of identified emission regions are given.  相似文献   

20.
A study is made of several ATM flares, to investigate the effect of soft X-ray heating at chromospheric levels. It is shown that the amount of energy released in Ly and Lyman continuum emissions, and their spatial and temporal behavior, in compact flares correspond to what is expected from model calculations. An additional source of heating, which could be heat conduction, has to be postulated to explain ribbons of enhanced L and C ii 1336 Å emission in large flares. As expected, the effect of X-ray heating is more important in small compact flares than in large ones.  相似文献   

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