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1.
Chen Mengxiong 《Environmental Geology》1987,10(3):141-147
Since the establishment of new China, great attention has been paid by the government to the investigation of groundwater
resources. On the basis of regional hydrogeological mapping covering most parts of the territory, an overall evaluation of
groundwater resources in China is about 872 billion m3/a, in which the amounts of pore water, fissure water, and karst water are calculated separately, and the consumption of groundwater
is also accounted for. Much prospecting work has been carried out for the development of well irrigation as well as the urban
water supply of industrial cities. This extensive work has provided a scientific basis for the rational development and utilization
of groundwater resources.
According to statistics, 11.3 million ha of arable land are irrigated with water from wells, and the annual exploitation of
underground water has reached 40 billion m3. In 27 cities of North China, the output of groundwater reached 6.86 million m3/d, which amounted to 87% of the total water consumed. The distribution and different hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater
resources in various regions are discussed in this article, including some environmental hydrogeological problems related
to the exploitation and utilization of groundwater. In short, it is evident that groundwater resources play a significant
role in both urban and rural water supply, and promote the development of agriculture and industries in China. 相似文献
2.
In order to simulate the recovery of groundwater funnels under the condition of reducing groundwater abstraction, hydrogeological conditions of recoverability construction of Shijiazhuang groundwater funnel were analyzed, and a numerical simulation method was used based on the change of various parameters. The results show that the groundwater flow model can accurately reflect groundwater hydrogeological characteristics, and can guarantee the reliability of groundwater restoration prediction. The research has set up four schemes for rural water-saving, planting structure adjustment, urban reducing abstraction and integrated method. The effect of four restoration schemes on the restoration of groundwater funnels was compared with water table variations of two observation well. Comparison results show that the level changes of plan Three and Four are different from the other two kinds of exploitation and the drop trend of water table in the funnel area is flat. So we can conclude that Plan Three and Four have significant effect on the groundwater funnel restoration of Shijiazhuang. 相似文献
3.
在第二松花江傍河开采适宜性评价的基础上,根据研究区的地质和水文地质条件,建立了水文地质概念模型及相应的数学模型,建立了基于Visual MODFlow的地下水流数值模型;以地下水水位降深不大于含水砂层厚度的1/3为准则,通过使预测流场与允许降深条件下的流场尽量接近,给出了第二松花江干流傍河开采条件下的地下水允许开采量。结果表明:现状年条件下区域地下水资源开采强度较小,而傍河开采条件下各适宜区地下水开采潜力巨大,在多年平均降水保证率条件下,地下水允许开采量可达140×104 m3/d;适度规模傍河开采可引起地表水与地下水转化关系的变化,但不会对河流生态功能产生不利影响。 相似文献
4.
东北地区地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题和对策浅析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在概述东北地区自然地理和水文地质条件的基础上，从地下水供需矛盾、地下水超采及其环境效应、地下水污染等方面阐述了影响地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题，并从社会发展、科学技术、开采历史、水资源管理、立法与执法等5个层面进行了分析。针对东北地区国民经济发展对水资源的需求、目前存在的影响地下水资源可持续利用的主要问题，提出了不同地区的地下水资源勘查开发、节约用水、地下水理论研究等地下水资源的可持续利用对策，对区域宏观水资源管理具有参考价值。 相似文献
5.
地下水化学动力学法在大庆前进水源地求参中的应用 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
大庆前进水源地自20世纪80年代运行以来,随着开采活动的加剧,地下水系统状态已发生改变,水资源重新评价势在必行。依据已有水文地质和水质分析资料,运用地下水化学动力学理论和方法,通过水化学指标（组分活度α、矿物饱和指数β）的计算分析,结合有限的抽水试验资料,分区计算出渗透系数K、导水系数T、地下水实际流速U、渗透速度V和地下水年龄t等5项水文地质参数,定量的认识水文地质条件,认证了水源地泰康组承压含水层具有渗透性强、导水性强、地下水循环交替快、可更新能力强等特点。不仅为地下水资源评价提供了参数,也为水源地持续合理地开发管理提供了定量依据。 相似文献
6.
基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明,传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发,文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度,在继承传统划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件,以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法:根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型,根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类,根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中（地下河、岩溶泉）和分散排泄三类系统,并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富,“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标,合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署,“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。 相似文献
7.
合理设计开采方案对傍河水源地地下水资源开发具有重要意义。以德惠典型傍河地下水水源地为研究区,在查明研究区水文地质条件的基础上,以管井为例,运用解析法确定了最佳开采方案和水源地地下水允许开采量,并对最佳开采方案的合理性和可靠性进行了分析。结果表明,当开采井沿河流呈直线形单排布井方式,井数为12眼,井河距离为200 m,井间距离为150 m,单井开采量为2 960 m3/d,总开采量为35 520 m3/d时,取水保证程度较高,面对河流突发性污染具有一定的抵御能力,不会对区域水环境和其他用户造成较大影响。 相似文献
8.
Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District,Beijing 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rapid growth of population and social economy, the situation of water resources shortage in Beijing city becomes more and more serious. Karst groundwater in Beijing has great potential for development. The reasonable exploitation of karst groundwater can enhance the water-supply stability of Beijing city. Firstly, the distribution of springs has been investigated in Fangshan, Beijing, and the characteristics of these springs have also been analyzed. Secondly, the hydrogeological conceptual model has been built, based on this, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model was established, and the parameter identification and validation of the model were performed under groundwater level and spring discharge. The results shows that the simulated values of groundwater level and spring discharge are very close to measured values, and the model can be used for groundwater resources evaluation and spring discharge prediction. Finally, a reasonable exploitation design has been developed with three exploitation scenarios considering the spring discharge protection; meanwhile, the quantity of groundwater resources was evaluated in the karst aquifer. The simulation results indicate that different exploitation yields have a significant impact on spring discharge; and the effective measures should be taken to protect the spring discharge 相似文献
9.
云应盆地东北部属鄂北贫水地区,赋存于古近系—第四系含水层中的地下水是当地生产、生活用水的主要来源,亟需查明含水层的结构、含水层间地下水的转化关系等基本条件,为研究区内合理开发利用地下水提供依据。本研究通过野外水文地质调查、水文地质钻探工作,将研究区划分为单层含水层与双层含水层结构两个亚区（6个小区）。并通过地下水水位动态长期监测,获取了区内不同含水层的水位动态变化特征,分析各含水层之间的水力联系,建立了区域地下水转化的概念模式,即:研究区地下水以接受山前降雨入渗及风化裂隙水侧向径流补给为主,主要以水平径流的形式经古近系孔隙-裂隙含水层及第四系孔隙承压含水层往澴水方向运移,而后进入第四系孔隙潜水含水层。地下水和地表水在不同季节补排模式不同,雨季地表水（澴水）补给地下水,旱季地下水向地表水（澴水）排泄。古近系孔隙-裂隙水与上覆第四系孔隙水联系密切互为补给,共同构成具有统一水力联系的垂向多层结构的含水系统。独特的含水层结构决定了区内地下水接受降水补给的条件较差,地下水可开采资源量总体较贫乏,建议重点利用区域地表水资源,适度开发地下水资源,推进农业节水灌溉工程,实现水资源可持续利用。 相似文献
10.
丰沛平原区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。 相似文献
11.
Jiazhong Qian Xiaoping Zhou Hongbin Zhan Hongxin Dong Lei Ma 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,72(8):3053-3065
Groundwater is often a unique water source for agriculture, industry and domestic use for local inhabitants in semi-arid African continent owing to shortage of surface water and rainfall. It is of significance to quantify and assess the groundwater resources for local sustainable development in order to correctly evaluate groundwater resources of Zinder well field with fractured media in Zinder, Niger. A conceptual model of hydrogeology was set up by a geological and hydrogeological survey. For simulating the real conditions, a large multi-well pumping test with designed pumping rate was conducted. In addition, a two-dimensional finite-element transient flow model was developed to simulate groundwater flow at the site. Results show that generally good agreements have been found between the simulated and observed hydrogeology heads for the test. The hydraulic parameters were obtained from the pumping test. A 11-year prediction of groundwater resources has been made under three exploitation schemes, respectively, and it indicates that the well field can offer 7,000 m3/day when the aquifer remains confined. An optimal scheme of exploitation is provided. 相似文献
12.
通过总结丰沛平原区水文地质条件和特征,对该区地下水开采利用现状及潜在水源地进行分析,计算了华栖隆起区岩溶水可利用资源量,探讨裂隙岩溶水利用的可行性。研究表明: 丰沛平原区地下水主采层位为中上更新统孔隙含水层和新近系—下更新统孔隙含水层,已形成丰县城关—孙楼—常店和沛县—龙固2个大型超采漏斗区,总面积超过750 km2,引发了大面积地面沉降; 华栖隆起区为裂隙岩溶水的富水地段,总可采资源量为667.51万m3/a,可作为潜在水源地进一步开展地下水勘查评价工作; 裂隙岩溶水过量开采可能引发地面沉降、岩溶地面塌陷等地质灾害,后期应对裂隙岩溶水开采情况进行长期监测,合理开发利用水资源。华栖隆起区岩溶水距离城区近,水量大,水质好,开发难度小,具有可观的经济价值。 相似文献
13.
Aibing Hao Yilong Zhang Eryong Zhang Zhenghong Li Juan Yu Huang Wang Jianfeng Yang Yao Wang 《Hydrogeology Journal》2018,26(5):1325-1337
As an important component of water resources, groundwater plays a crucial role in water utilization in China and an irreplaceable role in supporting economic and social development, especially in the northern arid and semi-arid plains and basin areas, which are densely populated and relatively short of surface-water resources. This paper comprehensively reviews and discusses the regional hydrogeological conditions, the temporal and spatial distribution of groundwater, the groundwater quality, and the actuality of groundwater exploitation and utilization in China. Meanwhile, aiming at the environmental problems induced by overexploitation to meet the sharply increasing water demand, this paper puts forward the major tasks for the next few years in terms of groundwater exploitation control, conservation and management. 相似文献
14.
Characteristics of groundwater and urban emergency water sources optimazation in Luoyang,China 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The construction of emergency water sources is the material basis for ensuring urban water safety, and it is also an inherent requirement for maintaining social stability and development. The hydrogeological characteristics of groundwater in Luoyang City from the aspects of the division of groundwater aquifer groups, water yield property and groundwater dynamics were described in this paper. Two emergency water sources were selected on basis of comprehensively considering groundwater resources and ecological environmental effects, groundwater quality and exploitation technology, etc. Then it further analysed the aquifer types, water yield properties and groundwater recharge, runoff and discharge conditions of the two emergency water sources, and evaluate the groundwater resources quantity of the water sources. The results are that the shallow underground aquifer in Luoyang City is thick, coarse, and stable in lithology and thickness. The two water sources enjoy good exploitation potential and can be used as backup water sources to supply water in the event of a water source crisis. 相似文献
15.
The Nebrodi Park, located in the north-eastern sector of Sicily, is of particular environmental and scientific interest.
This is due to the morphological heterogeneity of the protected region that presents a wide variety of landscapes and ecosystems.
In spite of the recent efforts of the Regional Government and Municipalities, environmental resources, especially groundwater,
risk progressive depauperation and pollution. In this paper, the authors consider the hydrogeological karst unit of Monte
Traura-Rocche del Crasto, the most productive in the Nebrodi belt (zone B of the regional park). This unit is underexploited
and needs a careful hydrogeological study in order to supply coastal aquifers. Geochemical and geophysical prospecting has
been carried out in this area. Analyses of water springs, sampled in different seasons, have suggested patterns of groundwater
circulation. Apparent resistivity measurements have yielded complementary information about the recharge processes of deep
aquifers. Goals of the project to which this research belongs are the rational exploitation and protection of reservoirs such
as Monte Traura and the recovery of the degraded aquifers, proposing new strategies of regional management for the water resources
in this comer of Sicily.
Received: 27 November 1996 · Accepted: 5 January 1998 相似文献
16.
大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水资源评价及开采方案预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶地下水是北京市的重要水源,为保障水源地能持续为大兴、通州地区提供优质的城镇生活用水,需对研究区岩溶地下水进行水资源评价和开采规划预测分析。利用数值模拟法,应用GMS模拟软件对研究区岩溶水系统进行地下水流数值模拟及水位变化预测。建立的岩溶水系统模型分为5层,模拟验证期为12年9个月。由模型评价的岩溶水系统补给资源量为14 425.74×10^4m3/a,可开采资源量为14 310.52×10^4m3/a,其中岩溶含水层可开采量为2 309.36×10^4m3/a。在模型识别验证后,分4种开采方案对水源地进行开采预测,通过对典型观测孔水位过程线拟合和研究区水均衡分析可知,按2020年之前维持现状开采,2020年后停采念坛水源地,2025年后全区按可开采量进行开采的开采方案最为合理,可分批逐次实现水源地的采补平衡。 相似文献
17.
矿山开采活动中地下水与生态环境保护是需要综合利用多学科思想与理论解决的难题,仅从采矿工程学角度难以解决根本问题。文中从生态水文地质学的角度,针对陕北采煤安全必须疏排水和陕北能源基地建设亟须水资源支撑的现状,提出了通过充分地利用煤田地下水满足强劲用水需求来保护水资源的对策,并从矿区水文地质结构、地下水循环条件出发,根据矿区植被生态风险区划、采煤影响地下水区划,提出了建立保护矿山水资源的采煤秩序、不同阶段地下水保护与开发利用区划以及矿山掘进过程中保护性开采地下水的水源地布局规划原则与建设方案。 相似文献
18.
Investigation of discharge-area groundwaters for recharge source characterization on different scales: the case of Jinan in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jiale Wang Menggui Jin Guoping Lu Dele Zhang Fengxin Kang Baojie Jia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(7):1723-1737
Discharge-area groundwater in Jinan, a typical karst region in northern China, was investigated by studying both the hydrological and chemical processes evolving from the recharge in mountainous terrains to the karst-spring outflows in the metropolitan area. Large-scale exploitation of karst groundwater has led to a disturbing trend in the ever-decreasing spring outflow rates and groundwater level. There is insufficient information about the Jinan karst aquifers, which provide the main water sources to meet human demand and to sustain spring outflow. The coupling of hydrological and chemical processes quantifies the flow system through aqueous chemistry characterization of the water sources. This approach is used to study the groundwater flow discharges in different locations and geological settings. The potentiometric data indicated limited vertical connectivity between distinct hydrogeological units and alteration of the recharge regime by the faults and by artificial exploitation. Shallow groundwater primarily belongs to the local flow system, with high nitrate concentration and enriched stable isotopic contents. Thermal groundwater has high concentrations of chloride and total dissolved solids, derived from a regional flow system with the highest recharge altitudes and long residence time. Non-thermal karst water may be attributed to the intermediate flow system, with uniform HCO3–Ca(Mg) facies and low nitrate concentration. This work highlighted discharge as a fingerprint of groundwater flow conditions and provides a better insight into the hydrogeological system. 相似文献
19.
山东淄博市地下水资源评价及其合理开发利用研究 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
本文采用有限单元法进行地下水资源评价以解决评价区供水面积大、精度要求高的矛盾。首先根据实际的开采量和长期观测孔的水位资料,校正数学模型,反求有关参数;然后给定开采方案进行未来水头的预测;最后研究地下水资源的合理开发利用问题。利用有限单元法进行水源地或单一含水层的地下水资源评价已被证明是先进的、有效的。本文是对水文地质条件非常复杂的大面积的区域,用有限单元法进行地下水资源评价的一种尝试,可供类似地区参考。 相似文献
20.
陇东盆地水资源短缺,严重制约着经济发展,近年来探明白垩系洛河组地层赋存巨厚深层地下淡水。含水层水文地质参数的求解是深层地下水资源评价的关键,用抽水试验确定深层承压含水层水文地质参数是水文地质勘查研究的一项重要的内容。根据单孔、多孔、干扰抽水试验资料,采用稳定流、非稳定流多种方法求解陇东盆地深层含水层水文地质参数,避免了单一方法的偶然性、随意性,计算结果可信。最后探讨了抽水试验场地水文地质条件与所选取公式理论条件的差异对计算结果的影响。 相似文献