Tsunami evacuation is an effective way to save lives from the near-field tsunami. Realistic evacuation simulation can provide valuable information for accurate evacuation risk assessment and effective evacuation planning. Agent-based modeling is ideal for tsunami evacuation simulation due to its capability of capturing the emergent phenomena and modeling the individual-level interactions among agents and the agents’ interactions with the environment. However, existing models usually neglect or simplify some important factors and/or mechanisms in tsunami evacuation. For example, uncertainties in seismic damages to the transportation network are not probabilistically considered (e.g., by simply removing the damaged links (roads/bridges) from the network). Typically a relatively small population (i.e., evacuees) is considered (due to computational challenges) while neglecting population mobility. These simplifications may lead to inaccurate estimation of evacuation risk. Usually, only single traffic mode (e.g., on foot or by car) is considered, while pedestrian speed adjustment and multi-modal evacuation (e.g., on foot and by car) are not considered concurrently. Also, pedestrian–vehicle interaction is usually neglected in the multi-modal evacuation. To address the above limitations, this study proposes a novel and more realistic agent-based tsunami evacuation model for tsunami evacuation simulation and risk assessment. Uncertainties in seismic damages to all links in the transportation network as well as uncertainties in other evacuation parameters are explicitly modeled and considered. A novel and more realistic multi-modal evacuation model is proposed that explicitly considers the pedestrian–vehicle interaction, walking speed variability, and speed adjustment for both the pedestrian and car according to traffic density. In addition, several different population sizes are used to model population mobility and its impact on tsunami evacuation risk. The proposed model is applied within a simulation-based framework to assess the tsunami evacuation risk assessment for Seaside, Oregon.
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江西省华东核工业工贸总公司福辉金行在市场经济的潮起潮落中，以自己独特的经营理念，开拓出一方新天地。去年，该行经济增长以近300％的幅度攀升，其中玉器经营商行发展成为江西省最大商行。今年第一季度，他们的经营指标继续保持快速增长，实现了猴年开门红。 相似文献
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今年 4月 2 2日 ,是第 34个“世界地球日”。当天 ,上海市房屋土地资源管理局与上海市地质学会按国土资源部的部署 ,在人气极旺的南京路步行街世纪广场举办主题为“善待地球———保护资源”的大型科普宣传和专家咨询活动 ,隆重纪念这个人类共同的节日。10时许 ,广场上空彩球高悬 ,“善待地球 ,保护资源”、“合理利用资源 ,造福子孙后代”等大幅标语格外醒目。内容丰富、制作精美的 13块展板布置在广场中央。投影大屏幕上连续播映《国土的隐患》、《饮用消费说矿泉》等科普教育片 ,同时两侧滚动播放第 34个“世界地球日”的标语口号。展版… 相似文献
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随着我国逐渐步入小康社会,城市化的建设步伐也逐渐推进,中小城镇的城市化建设也有了很大的发展空间,中小城镇中逐渐出现了居民小区,这也从侧面说明了改革开放以来我国的经济有了很大的增长,人们的生活水平也有了很大的改善。与此同时,也给电力企业带来了很大的发展空间,创造了一个很好的机遇。如何抓住这一机遇,搞好居民住宅小区的供配电设计,以达到人们对不断增长的物质文化生活的需求,这也是各地电力部门电力企业待解决的一个重要课题。 相似文献
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随着我国经济的大力发展及科学技术水平的显著提高,我国的建筑业取得了很大的进步,尤其是道路以及桥梁的发展,很大程度上提高了我国的建筑水平以及人民生活水平。 相似文献
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当前,我国地下水开发利用事业有了很大的发展,地下水资源的管理利用亦取得了很大的成就,各地区都积累了不少好的经验,对实现我国工农业现代化,起到了很大的促进作用。我国地下水可供开采的资源是比较丰富的。据1986年统计资料,全国地下水资源达8252.4亿立米,占全国水资源总量的29％;纯井灌溉面积1.33亿亩,约占 相似文献
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勘探技术研究所测斜组 《探矿工程》1964,(10)
近几年来,随着我国社会主义经济建设的发展,地质勘探技术事业取得了很大的成就,作为勘探技术的一个分支,钻孔弯曲测量技术也有了很大的发展。由于生产实践上的需要,对测量钻孔弯曲度的技术提出了更高的要求。 相似文献
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国土资源部门的风险很大,压力很大,已成为腐败易发、高发领域,倍受社会“关注”。磐安县国土资源局根据省厅、市局的统一部署,按照“全局动员、人人参与,全面覆盖、风险定位,全员预警、等级管理”的基本思路,紧扣“查得准、防得牢、控得住”这三个关键环节, 相似文献
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研究矿石的相互年代关系,有很大的实际意义。因为可以了解成矿作用的历史和矿床形成的主要矿化时期,对查明矿石的分布规律性有很大用处。为了表示矿石的年代关系,使用过很多不同的名词。目前比较统一的是:成矿期(этапы 相似文献
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铺设地下管线大都采用开挖路面的方法,这样做的结果是破坏了街路的完整性,影响交通与城市面貌,采用“非开挖地下管线铺设方法”施工可以避免为铺设地下管线而开挖街路。损伤路面、影响交通。它包括以下三种方法：挤密导孔－拉削扩孔方法,小断面挖掘液面送管方法,地下夯管方法。 相似文献
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“准地籍测量”是在已有的地形图上根据地籍台帐于实地标绘宗地界域线,划分街道、街坊、调查区及编号,调查宗地座落、地名、门牌号码、房屋结构及层数等;基于这种测量模式,其成果以传统的图、表展示已很难适应。实践运用MGE地理信息基础平台开发出的地籍信息管理系统,其准地籍测量约70％的宗地成果与实际确权一致,不失为一种快速、经济有效的地籍测量模式。 相似文献
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Rolf Monheim 《GeoJournal》1998,45(4):273-287
Counting pedestrians on a street and visitors entering a store is a method used to measure the attractiveness of these places.
Their volumes are governed by daily, weekly, monthly and yearly cycles and are subject to random influences. This must be
taken into account especially where comparison counts reveal changes. When single streets or stores are counted, it must be
ascertained whether this figure is representative of the whole city centre and its retailing. Pedestrian volumes can be used
for adjusting interview samples to the distribution in time and space of the city centre visitors. Counts of the qualitative
characteristics of the pedestrian with respect to composition of groups reveal that surveys among pedestrians are biased in
relation to the size of the group.
Special attention in surveys should be given to the linking of activities. Whereas much emphasis is given to the accessibility
of the city centre from outside, the ‘inner accessibility’ of the city centre is just as important. Long distances are often
walked and many destinations visited. This is best recorded by conducting interviews at public transport stops and car parks.
The attractiveness of the city centre depends not only on its physical structures but very much on the subjective perception
of them; therefore judgements on accessibility, goods and services offered and the urban ambiance should be recorded. Retailer's
attitudes concerning the qualities of the city centre should also be compiled for comparison.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Xu Dong – jun 《岩土力学》1980,2(3):77-84
Through an important modification of the conventional triaxial compression ,a new triaxial apparatus was developed by Prof .Mogi about ten years ago .this devices has made possible to study the fundamental properties of rock deformation and fracture under the more general triaxial states of stress ,in which all three principal streets are different .
In order to help the designing work of such apparatus to be carried out in China ,this paper presents in detail the bases of the modifications and structural features of the true triaxial compression apparatus .prof.Mogi’s advices about design and device developed in the institute are also given. 相似文献
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Pedestrian infrastructure is an essential part of the urban fabric. Typically, it is carefully planned and maintained by governments and local experts, who recognize the benefits to health, well-being, and even economics associated with a walkable environment. Pedestrian walkway characteristics, including running slope, cross slope, curb cuts, cross walks, sidewalk widths, and signalization are a part of the comprehensive design elements used by most municipalities. However, barriers or obstacles, including temporary obstructions, construction detours, and surface irregularities make this infrastructure difficult for individuals with a mobility impairment or vision impairment to use. Crowdsourcing can assist these individuals by providing information about transient and permanent navigation obstacles, through an accessibility mapping system. Accessibility mapping systems, several examples of which are discussed in this paper, provide routing functions to make navigation easier for individuals with a mobility impairment or vision impairment. A geocrowdsourced accessibility system can also identify deficiencies in a pedestrian network dynamically, and can provision routing and obstacle avoidance functions in real-time, with data about transient events provided by the public. This paper is based upon previous geocrowdsourced data quality studies, and presents a modeling methodology to identify high-value routing corridors in a dynamic geocrowdsourced accessibility system. The corridor measurement can help civic employees from city public works and transportation departments prioritize maintenance of a pedestrian infrastructure, including the rectification of obstacles identified through crowdsourcing. In this paper, we augment geocrowdsourcing data quality metrics with input from subject matter experts trained in orientation and mobility services, and discuss the accessibility elements that could directly influence the usability of the pedestrian infrastructure. We also present a cost optimization model to measure the value of a pedestrian network segment. Lastly, this paper analyzes how the value of a network segment in a geocrowdsourced accessibility system changes with network conditions and how this relates to prioritization of maintenance tasks through optimization criteria. 相似文献
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滇东南老寨湾金矿化探异常查证与找矿方向 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用化探测量、X萤光分析仪现场检测、地质检查等多种找矿方法,获得含金工业品位的找矿信息;发现具工业价值的金矿体并建立该类矿床找矿模型。 相似文献
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Determination of lead, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene and pyrene in street dust 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
A. C. Darán Ph.D. A. Gonzalez 《International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology》2009,6(4):663-670
Street dust is a potential source of lead exposure to humans, however scarce information about the pollution levels with lead and polyromatic hydrocarbons exists in Venezuela, limiting the appropriate evaluation of the levels of risk of the people. This work was aimed in the determination of the concentrations of lead, naphtalene, anthracene, phenanthrene and pyrene in the street dust of the most transited avenues and streets of Maracay city. Thirty street dust samples were collected at the streets and avenues, troll and bus main station. Lead was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after acid digestion (Pb-total), also the fractions of lead soluble in 1 M MgCl2 and 0.5 M ammonium acetate (pH = 7) were quantified. The polyaromatic hydrocarbons concentrations were determined by capillary gas chromatography equipped with a flame ionization detector. The Pb-total ranged between 734 and 11.439 μg/g with the higher values at the most transited streets and avenues. About 60 % of samples exhibited concentrations between 1.000 and 2.500 μg/g, similar to the values reported in the literature for soils of urban areas. The fraction of lead soluble in magnesium accounted for less than 3 % of Pb-Total, while the 0.5 M ammonium acetate solution represented more than the 75 % of the total loads of the pollutant. The most contaminated samples were those taken at the toll with concentrations of 695.5 and 252.1 μg/g phenanthrene and anthracene were the most abundant, while at the bus station all compounds were detected. 相似文献
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