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1.
Based on TM image data and other survey materials, this paper analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of land use change in the
Bohai Rim during 1985–2005. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: (1) Land use pattern changed dramatically
during 1985–2005. Industrial and residential land in urban and rural areas increased by 643,946 hm2, of which urban construction land had the largest and fastest increase of 294,953 hm2 at an annual rate of 3.72%. (2) The outward migration of rural population did not prevent the expansion of residential land
in rural areas by 184,869 hm2. This increase reveals that construction of rural residences makes seriously wasteful and inefficient use of land. (3) Arable
land, woodland and grassland decreased at a rate of −0.02%, −0.12% and −1.32% annually, while unused land shrank by 157,444
hm2 at an annual rate of −1.69%. (4) The change of land use types showed marked fluctuations over the two stages (1985–1995 and
1995–2005). In particular, arable land, woodland and unused land experienced an inversed trend of change. (5) There was a
significant interaction between arable land and woodland. Industrial construction land in urban and rural areas showed a net
trend of increase during the earlier period, but only adjustment to its internal structure during the second period. The loss
of arable land to the construction of factories, mines and residences took place mainly in the fringe areas of large and medium-sized
cities, along the routes of major roads, as well as in the economically developed coastal areas in the east. Such changes
are closely related to the spatial differentiation of the level of urbanization and industrialization in the region. 相似文献
2.
基于农户调研的中国农村居民点空心化程度研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
基于中国范围的乡村人居环境调研数据,分析了中国农村宅基地空心现象。结果表明：① 中国农村宅基地空心化严重,93.5%的调研村庄有空心化现象,平均空心化率达到10.2%。② 省域农村宅基地空心化差异明显,其中华北、华东、华中地区普遍较高;③ 多种因素导致农村宅基地空心化,认为是“外出务工”、“户口迁移”、“房屋年久失修”及“一户多宅” 的受访者分别占39.94%,19.51%,25.73%和14.82%。④ 中国农村空心化宅基地再利用潜力巨大,但再利用难度大,需要从改革城乡二元体制和乡村空间重构的角度进行空心村整治。 相似文献
3.
在中国快速城镇化与工业化影响下,广大乡村地区尤其是深度贫困地区面临的“乡村病”问题凸显,影响到乡村可持续发展进程,亟需重视乡村振兴。科学把握乡村地域系统的演化过程与格局特征,提出乡村振兴的方向与适宜路径,对促进乡村可持续发展具有重要意义。论文以河北省阳原县为例,从土地利用变化视角探究了深度贫困地区乡村中心集聚性与成长性,揭示了乡村地域系统的演化过程与格局。研究发现：① 伴随着耕地面积的不断减少,乡村建设用地扩张强度明显高于乡镇政府驻地与县城地区的建设用地扩张强度;② 生产要素在城、镇、村间不均衡集聚的特征明显,导致县城邻近地区、乡镇政府所在地、偏远乡村地区的中心集聚性依次降低;③ 受区位、交通、自然环境等因素的影响,县城邻近地区、区位较好的乡镇以及交通干线附近地区更易于集聚生产要素,成为乡村成长性的高值区;④ 深度贫困地区乡村常住人口持续减少,“人减地增”的乡村空心化问题严峻。文章强调应大力发展县域经济,强化城乡联系,提升县城对乡村的辐射带动作用,并积极推进村镇化发展,开展空心村土地综合整治,培育乡村社会资本,激发乡村发展的内生动力。 相似文献
4.
转型期农村土地整治的基础理论与模式探析 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
农村土地整治是适时补充耕地、盘活存量土地、优化城乡用地、强化集约用地和提升土地产能的重要途径。本文针对中国城乡发展转型进程中出现的农村空心化加剧发展和农村居民点用地“不减反增”等突出问题,分析了科学推进农村土地整治的战略目标与现实意义,阐释了农村土地整治中土地资源优化配置、农村土地“三整合”、农村空心化“生命周期”、克里斯泰勒中心地理论等相关的基础理论,深入探讨了农村土地整治的区域差异性模式、城乡一体化模式、“一整三还”综合模式、统筹协同决策模式及其创新机制。 相似文献
5.
LONG Hualou 《地理学报》2014,24(2):211-225
The implementation of new type industrialization and urbanization and agricultural modernization strategies lacks of a major hand grip and spatial supporting platform,due to long-term existed "dual-track" structure of rural-urban development in China as well as unstable rural development institution and mechanism. It is necessary to restructure rural production,living and ecological space by carrying out land consolidation,so as to establish a new platform for building new countryside and realizing urban-rural integration development in China. This paper develops the concept and connotation of rural spatial restructuring. Basing on the effects analysis of industrialization and urbanization on rural production,living and ecological space,the mechanism of pushing forward rural spatial restructuring by carrying out land consolidation is probed. A conceptualization of the models of rural production,living and ecological spatial restructuring is analyzed combining with agricultural land consolidation,hollowed villages consolidation and industrial and mining land consolidation. Finally,the author argues that a "bottom-up" restructuring strategy accompanied by a few "top-down" elements is helpful for smoothly pushing forward rural spatial restructuring in China. In addition,the optimization and restructuring of rural production,living and ecological space will rely on the innovations of regional engineering technology,policy and mechanism,and mode of rural land consolidation,and more attentions should be paid to rural space,the foundation base and platform for realizing urban-rural integration development. 相似文献
6.
论土地整治与乡村空间重构 总被引：85，自引：9，他引：76
目前,中国新型工业化、城镇化和农业现代化的推进仍缺乏重要抓手和空间支撑平台,严重影响了城乡一体化发展进程。亟需通过开展农村土地综合整治,重构乡村生产、生活和生态空间,为推进新农村建设和城乡一体化发展搭建新平台。本文在界定了乡村空间重构,即在快速工业化和城镇化进程中,伴随乡村内生发展需求和外源驱动力综合作用下导致的农村地区社会经济结构重新塑造,乡村地域上生产空间、生活空间和生态空间的优化调整乃至根本性变革的过程,及其产业发展集聚、农民居住集中和资源利用集约3 个方面内涵的基础上,分析了工业化和城镇化进程对乡村生产、生活和生态空间的影响;探讨了乡村空间重构的土地整治类型及助推机制;结合农用地整治、"空心村"整治和工矿用地整治提出了乡村生产、生活和生态空间重构的模式与途径,以及依托土地整治的以"自下而上"为主、"自上而下"为辅的乡村空间重构战略。作为城乡一体化发展根基的乡村空间其重要性和基础平台作用应受到足够重视,乡村集约高效的生产空间、宜居适度的生活空间和山清水秀的生态空间的优化重构,有赖于区域农村土地整治工程技术、政策机制与模式的创新。 相似文献
7.
北京丰台区农村居住用地变化及与人口相关模型 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
采用GIS技术和统计分析技术，基于1984年，1992年，1996年和1999年4期土地利用图件和数据，分析了1984－1999年期间北京丰台区农村居住用地变化过程及地域分异特征；提出并应用特征均值探讨了农村人均居住用地和人居密度变化的过程和趋势，以行政村为基本单元，利用1999年农村居住用地数据与对应的农村人口数据建立了表达式为Sv=11.324e^0.0006pv的农村居住用地与人口相关模型；用1992年数据对模型进行检验和误差分析的结果表明，模型适用地域为北京近郊且不邻近卫星城镇的农村区。 相似文献
8.
Based on the acquaintance of the regional background of urban-rural transformational development and investigations on the spot,this paper discusses the holistic situation, dominant factors and mechanism of arable land loss and land for construction occupation in the coastal area of China over the last decade,with the aid of GIS technology.Conclusions of the research are summarized as follows：（1）the arable land had been continuously decreasing from 1996 to 2005,with a loss of 1,708,700 hm^2 and an average decrement of 170,900 hm^2 per year;（2）land for construction increased 1,373,700 hm^2 ,with an average increment of 153,200 hm^2 per year;（3）total area of encroachment on arable land for construction between 1996 and 2005 was 1,053,100 hm^2 ,accounting for 34.03%of the arable land loss in the same period,the percentages of which used for industrial land（INL）,transportation land（TRL）,rural construction land（RUL）and town construction land（TOL）are 45.03%,15.8%,15.47%and 11.5%,respectively;and（4）the fluctuation of the increase of construction land and encroachment on arable land in the area were deeply influenced by the nation＇s macroscopic land-use policies and development level of regional economy.The growth of population and advancement of technology promoted the rapid industrialization, construction of transportation infrastructures,rural urbanization and expansion of rural settlements in the eastern coastal area,and therefore were the primary driving forces of land-use conversion. 相似文献
9.
面向空心村综合整治的农村土地资源配置探析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
如何通过空心村综合整治实现农村土地资源的合理配置,是构建城乡发展一体化新格局所要面对和解决的重大问题。本文通过梳理空心村整治和农村土地资源配置的概念内涵,明晰了新型城镇化、乡村重构、空心村整治和农村土地资源配置之间的内在关联;根据不同空心村整治类型例证了农村土地资源配置模式,并提出面向空心村整治的农村土地资源配置的市场化及制度保障措施。结果表明：空心村整治的实质是实现以农村土地要素为载体的要素有序流动及其优化配置,乡村重构和空心村整治互为理论依据和推动途径,空心村整治和新型城镇化互为重要内容和研究背景,新型城镇化和乡村重构则互为政策推力和实现方法;对应于空心村综合整治途径,将农村土地资源配置分为城乡一体型、中心社区型和就地改良型3种模式;当前需要发挥市场对农村土地资源配置的决定性作用,重点改革土地征收制度、土地承包经营权流转制度、宅基地流转制度和农村土地退出制度,完善户籍制度、社会保障制度和税费制度,从而有效提升农村土地利用效率。 相似文献
10.
基于“城—村—地”三维视角的农村居民点整理策略——以江苏省新沂市为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农村居民点作为当前国土资源利用效率提升的重要潜力空间,对其进行调控研究是促进可持续乡村建设的重要内容。城镇作为区域社会经济文化中心,村城关系在一定程度上影响着农村居民点发展的空间潜力;土地作为农村居民点发展的支撑条件和空间载体,村地关系在一定程度上体现了农村居民点布局的适宜性及资源利用的协调性。在扎实推进新农村建设、统筹城乡发展、促进土地集约节约利用的背景下,将“城—村—地”纳入统一分析框架,有利于统筹不同空间尺度要素对居民点整理的影响。本研究立足农村行为主体的空间关联性,综合“城—村—地”三级空间对象,提出农村居民点整理策略分析框架;基于对农村居民点地域系统要素构成和结构层次的分析,从城镇发展辐射性、村域布局适宜性、土地利用协调性等三方面构建了农村居民点整理潜力评价体系,进而探讨了相应的农村居民点整理途径。最后选取江苏省新沂市进行实证分析,将其划分为优先整理区、重点整理区、适度挖潜区、优化调整区及特殊整理区等居民点用地整理类型,提出相应的整理模式及优化路径,以期为农村居民点的整理优化提供有益借鉴,助推可持续的城乡空间重构。 相似文献
11.
300年来中国森林的变化 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
Based on historical documents, modern survey and statistics, as well as the result of predecessor studies, the trend and main process of forest dynamics are recognized. The forest area and forest coverage rates for each province of China from 1700 to 1949 are estimated backward by every 50 years. Linking the result with modern National Forest Inventory data, the spatial-temporal dynamics of Chinese forest in recent 300 years （AD 1700-1998） is quantitatively analyzed. The study shows that in recent 300 years, the forest area in current territory of China has declined by 0.95×10^8 hm^2 （or 9.2% of the coverage rate） in total, with a trend of decrease and recovery. Before the 1960s, there was a trend of accelerated descending. The forest area was reduced by 1.66×10^8 hm^2 （or 17% of the coverage rate） in 260 years. While after the 1960s, there has been a rapid increase. The forest area increased by 0.7×10^8 hm^2 （or 8% of the coverage rate） in 40 years. The study also shows that there is a significant spatial difference in the dynamics of forest. The amplitudes of increasing and decreasing in western China are both smaller than the ones in eastern China. During the rapid declining period from 1700 to 1949, the most serious decrease appeared in the Northeast, the Southwest and the Southeast, where the coverage rate in most provinces dropped over 20%. In Heilongjiang Province, the coverage rate dropped by 50%. In Jilin Province, it dropped by 36%. In Sichuan Province and Chongqing Municipality, it dropped by 42%. In Yunnan Province, it dropped by 35%. During the recovery period 1949-1998, the western provinces, municipality and autonomous regions, including Ningxia, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Sichuan-Chongqing, Yunnan, Tibet, Xinjiang and Qinghai, etc, the increase rates are all below 5%, while the eastern provinces, municipality and autonomous regions （except Heilongjiang, Hubei, Jiangsu-Shanghai） have achieved an increase over 5%, among which the Guangdong-Hainan, Guangxi, Anhui, Beijing-Tianjin-H 相似文献
12.
空心村综合整治与低碳乡村发展战略探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
当前以低能耗、低污染、低排放为特征的低碳经济成为全球热点。我国日益加剧的农村空心化带来一系列的不良效应和生态环境问题。开展空心村综合整治,可以通过降低能耗、减少污染、减少排放和增加碳汇4个途径,引领乡村低碳产业发展,重塑农民生产、生活新观念与新模式。在统筹城乡发展和新农村建设的新形势下,深入探讨空心村整治的低碳经济战略,测算空心村整治增地潜力与固碳能力,研究空心村整治过程中的农村能源技术体系,构建空心村整治还林还田创新机制,可为空心村整治实践和低碳乡村发展提供科学决策依据。 相似文献
13.
中国典型农区空心村综合整治模式 总被引：83，自引：9，他引：74
空心村是农村经济社会转型发展期出现的一种乡村地域系统退化性演变的结果,造成了农村土地资源的浪费和低效利用,严重阻碍了农村经济社会的可持续发展。深入推进空心村现状调查、潜力评价和整治模式研究,对优化城乡土地资源配置、促进新农村建设具有十分重要的意义。以地处黄淮海平原的山东省禹城市为例,基于48 个典型村庄、401 份农村空心化与空心村整治意愿的农户问卷调查,重点开展了空心村整治模式的实证研究。结果表明,研究区村庄普遍存在村庄规模小、布局散,宅基地闲置多,村庄建设规划缺乏,公共服务设施短缺等问题;农民对空心村整治的意愿强烈,87.0%的农户对推进空心村整治与中心村建设表示愿意和非常愿意;围绕构建新型城乡关系和推动农村空间重构、资源整合、集约用地的指导思想,将国家战略同农民意愿有机结合,提出了城镇化引领型、中心村整合型和村内集约型等空心村综合整治模式。 相似文献
14.
中国城市化进程中的生态环境保障程度 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
Studying the change of resources consumption and eco-environmental carrying capacity are of importance to the sustainable
development of urbanization. Based on the China’s economic and social statistical data from 1950 to 2006, the ecological footprint,
ecological footprint intensity, ecological deficit and surplus, and eco-environment quality comprehensive index are calculated,
the correlation between urbanization and eco-environmental change is analyzed and the eco-environmental guarantee for China’s
urbanization in 2030 is forecasted. The major results could be summarized as follows: (1) there is a positive linear relation
between urbanization and ecological footprint, negative linear relation between urbanization and ecological footprint intensity,
ecological deficit and surplus and the negative exponential relation between urbanization and eco-environment quality comprehensive
index. (2) By 2030, the urbanization level will reach 61.32%, the ecological deficit will increase to 42.2866×108 hm2 and the eco-environment quality comprehensive index will drop to 0.3016 on the condition that the total quantity ecological
footprint achieves 55.9348×108 hm2. (3) Under the existing urban development pattern, the ecological overload will be more serious in the next 24 years. Constructing
the reasonable industrial structure and establishing the intensive resources utilization system to alleviate the eco-environmental
pressure are the tough challenges in China’s urbanization process.
Foundation: Knowledge Innovation Project of CAS, No.KZCX2-YW-307-02; No.KZCX2-YW-321-05; Major Project of 11th Five-year Scientific and
Technological Support Plan of China, No.2006BAJ05A06
Author: Fang Chuanglin(1966–), Ph.D. and Professor, specialized in regional and urban planning. 相似文献
15.
基于现状调查的城市郊区农村 居民点整理模式 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
城市郊区农村居民点整理是土地整理的一种主要形式,对促进城乡协调发展、保护耕地资源、实现耕地占补平衡具有积极作用。而其实施的滞后性,不但使众多农民对宅基地的真实需求得不到满足,而且严重抑制了郊区农村耕地整理潜力的发挥。本文以北京X郊区为例,在实地调查的基础上,详细汇总分析了目前该地区宅基地现状、需求数量、需求原因等。根据逐项汇总分析调查结果,提出"宅基地换房"是目前最合理的居民点整理工程模式,该模式能最大限度挖掘农村耕地整理潜力。进而,根据调查数据和分析结论对这种模式进行了理论完善,指出农民只要具有合法合理资格就应平等享用发展带来的利益,实际操作过程中要追求最大合理性、安排部分缓冲房源以备户数增加之需等。 相似文献
16.
基于四维驱动力的农村居民点整理模式分析——以北京市通州区为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用北京市最新土地调查数据和GIS工具, 描述通州区农村居民的用地现状、空间分布和特征。(1)依据规划边界将通州农村居民点划分为圈内、环内、环外三类, 圈内农村居民点面积50.30km2 (121个行政村),占总面积的30.62%;环内居民点面积19.35km2 (57个行政村),占11.78%;环外农村居民点面积94.63km2 (277个行政村),占57.60%.(2)不同类型农村居民点的驱动力不同, 圈内农村居民点主要是经济驱动力和社会驱动力, 环内农村居民点主要是制度驱动力和环境驱动力, 环外的农村居民点主要是社会驱动力和生态驱动力。(3)圈内居民点整理方向是实现城镇化, 应采用土地一级开发模式, 发展城市二三产业;环内居民点整理方向是改善生态环境, 发展特色产业, 适宜采取城乡一体化综合开发模式;环外居民点整理方向是增加农业用地, 减少耕地占用, 适宜采用乡村整治模式。农村居民点整理需要以驱动力为基础, 结合空间特征采取差异化的整理模式。 相似文献
17.
江汉平原土地利用的时空变化及其驱动因素分析 总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27
采用遥感、GIS一体化技术,利用1989～1990、1995～1996和1999～2000年获取的三期陆地资源卫星图像,对江汉平原土地利用10年变化和以1995～1996年为界的前后两个5年变化的时空特征进行了分析,并探讨了变化的驱动因素。结果表明,该区的土地利用在不同的时间及空间尺度上有明显不同的特点。10年间,耕地减少近5万hm2,其中,前5年的减少量占多数,达6783%。各类建设用地总计增加了156万hm2,其中,前5年的增加量是后5年的2倍。水域面积在10年间增加了达到354万hm2,后5年的增幅不到前期的1/2。土地利用变化最快的区域均处于工业经济较发达、城市化较快的地区如武汉、仙桃,变化最慢的区域在监利、松滋、天门等地。政策、社会经济与科技因素对土地利用随时间尺度的变化有决定性的影响。 相似文献
18.
生态退耕对中国农田生产力的影响(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The changes in cropland quantity and quality due to land use are critical concerns to national food security, particularly for China. Despite the significant ecological effects, the ecological restoration program (ERP), started from 1999, has evidently altered the spatial patterns of China’s cropland and agricultural productivity. Based on cropland dynamic data from 2000 to 2008 primarily derived from satellite images with a 30-m resolution and satellite-based net primary productivity models, we identified the impacts on agricultural productivity caused by ERP, including "Grain for Green" Program (GFGP) and "Reclaimed Cropland to Lake" (RCTL) Program. Our results indicated that the agricultural productivity lost with a rate of 132.67×104 t/a due to ERP, which accounted for 44.01% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes during 2000-2005. During 2005-2008, the loss rate due to ERP decreased to 77.18×104 t/a, which was equivalent to 58.17% of that in the first five years and 30.22% of the total loss rate caused by land use changes. The agricultural productivity loss from 2000-2008 caused by ERP was more attributed to GFGP (about 70%) than RCTL. Although ERP had a certain influence on cropland productivity during 2000-2008, its effect was still much less than that of urbanization; moreover, ERP was already converted from the project implementation phase to the consolidation phase. 相似文献
19.
村庄分类作为乡村地区制定差异化发展政策的科学手段,是认识和明晰区域乡村振兴路径的重要抓手。论文基于乡村地域系统演化规律,综合考虑地方主观发展意愿,构建了一套基于“政策-潜力-意愿”整合视角的村庄分类框架,按照“政策影响?发展潜力+在地发展意愿”的逻辑思路逐级识别村庄类型,并以西峰区100个行政村作为案例区进行实证分析。结果表明：(1)通过梳理现有政策文件,识别出54个村庄的类型,这部分村庄特征相对显著;其余部分村庄通过“发展潜力-在地发展意愿”耦合分析,确定其发展类型;(2)村庄发展潜力与在地发展意愿不完全耦合,其中“高潜力-低意愿”及“低潜力-高意愿”各占39.13%和6.52%;(3)西峰区村庄最终分为就地城镇化类、集聚提升类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、整治改善类及搬迁撤并类等六种类型,论文据此提出相应的乡村振兴途径及措施建议。 相似文献
20.
基于生计转型的中国农村居民点用地整治适宜区域 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
理论解析以非农就业程度表征的农户生计转型和以人均农村居民点用地面积度量的农村土地利用特征的相互关系,应用GIS技术和空间自相关分析方法研究中国县域尺度农户生计转型的存在性、拐点值及其主导下的农村居民点用地整治适宜区域,为规范推进农村居民点用地整治与重构乡村地域的可持续性提供决策参考。结果表明,农户非农就业程度与人均农村居民点用地面积存在倒U型规律;资源禀赋、经济发展阶段、地形等外部因子影响农户生计与农村土地利用的相互关系;控制资源禀赋、地形等外部因子作用的农户非农就业程度拐点为38.36%,结合人均农村居民点用地规模,可将中国县域划分为适宜程度依次递减的优先整治区、优化调整区、适度挖潜区与限制整治区等4 种类型区;最后,提出了切实反映农户生计特征的区域农村居民点用地整治政策建议。 相似文献