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1.
Petroleum hydrocarbons persist in salt marsh sediments in Winsor Cove (Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts) impacted from the 1974 spill of No. 2 fuel oil by the barge Bouchard 65. Intertidal sediment cores were collected from 2001 to 2005 and analyzed for total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs). TPHs content was greatest (as high as 8.7 mg g(-1) dry weight) in the surface sediments and decreased with distance landward. Select samples were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with values as high as 16.7 microg g(-1) for total naphthalenes and phenanthrenes/anthracenes. These remaining PAHs are mainly C(4)-naphthalenes and C(1)-, C(2)-, and C(3)-phenanthrenes/anthracenes revealing preferential loss of almost all of the naphthalenes and the parent compound phenanthrene. Inspection of the data indicates that biodegradation, water-washing and evaporation were major removal processes for many of the petroleum hydrocarbons in the marsh sediments. In addition, historical data and photographs combined with their recent counterparts indicate that erosion has physically removed these contaminants from this site.  相似文献   

2.
The spatial distribution and fate of petrogenic and pyrogenic hydrocarbons in coastal sediments following the Aegean Sea oil spill (Galicia, NW Spain) was investigated through a detailed study of chemical markers. Alkanes and acyclic isoprenoid hydrocarbons were degraded within six months of the accident, but triterpane and sterane distributions were still detectable and were useful in monitoring, respectively, the oil source and weathering. Aromatic steranes were also useful source indicators, and oil degradation was clear from the decrease of certain alkyl dibenzothiophene and phenanthrene isomers. The pyrogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons produced in the tanker wreck were found more persistent than the petrogenic ones. However, the presence of the oil in the sediments was recognized even one year after the accident and was found particularly preserved in the subsurface layers.  相似文献   

3.
Due to the potentially accumulative nature of the Fladen Ground, an area of intense oil activity in the North Sea, a survey was carried out in 1989 to map the distribution of contamination in relation to these oil activities. All the sediments collected were screened by ultraviolet fluorescence (UVF) for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected samples were analysed for n-alkanes (by GC-FID), PAHs and biomarkers (by GC-MSD). This survey was repeated in 2001, with all the 1989 sites being resampled. All of these sediments were analysed for UVF oil equivalents, PAHs, n-alkanes and biomarkers. The concentrations of these parameters decreased between 1989 and 2001, with average decreases ranging from 43% to 88%. In addition, no significant difference was found, for all the parameters, between near field (<5 km from an oil installation) and far field (>5 km from an oil installation) sites in 2001 indicating that the Fladen Ground is approaching a 'steady state' or background concentration for contamination.  相似文献   

4.
The results of studies of the hydrological and hydrochemical regimes carried out in 2001 in Chayvo Bay and microbiological analyses of the abundance of geterotrophic microorganisms belonging to ecological-trophic groups are given. Data on the concentrations of petroleum hydrocarbons, phenols, and metals (Fe, Pb, and Cd) in water and bottom sediments were collected. The obtained data were used to assess the water quality in the bay.  相似文献   

5.
The coastal area off the city of Sfax (730,000 inhabitants), well-known for fisheries and industrial activities, receives high inputs of organic matter mostly anthropogenic. Eighteen stations were selected in the vicinity of the direct discharge of industrial sewage effluents in the sea in order to study the spatial distribution of the organic contamination. Surface sediments sampled in the shallow shelf were analysed for hydrocarbons by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Total hydrocarbon distributions revealed high contamination as compared to other coastal Mediterranean sites, with an average concentration of 1865 ppm/dry weight sediment. Gas chromatographic distribution patterns, values of unresolved mixture/n-alkane ratio and distributions of steranes and hopanes confirmed a petroleum contamination of the Arabian light crude oil type. Biogenic compounds were also identified with a series of short-chain carbon-numbered n-alkenes in the carbon range 16-24.  相似文献   

6.
Aromatic hydrocarbon fractions isolated from sediments polluted with crude oil, from sampling stations in and around Sullom Voe, Shetland Islands, were found to exhibit, as the major feature in their gas chromatograms, an unresolved complex mixture or ‘hump’. This feature was absent from the gas chromatograms of the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions isolated from corresponding unpolluted sediments in the region. The observed aromatic hump had little resemblance to the distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons in a typical North Sea crude oil. Incubation studies, however, showed that such a hump was appearing when oil-spiked sediments were aerobically biodegraded. From these incubation studies it was also evident that alkylaromatic hydrocarbons in the crude oil were biodegraded before any change in the normal alkanes was apparent. Therefore, the presence of an unresolved complex mixture in the gas chromatograms of aromatic hydrocarbon fractions from recent sediments can act as a marker to recognize contamination by crude oil.  相似文献   

7.
The spatial distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated in sediments from the Cienfuegos bay. The highest anthropogenic hydrocarbon inputs were found near the city of Cienfuegos with an unresolved complex mixture (UCM) of aliphatic hydrocarbons and alkylated PAHs, indicative of petrogenic inputs. Parent PAHs, which are typical of high-temperature combustion processes, were evenly distributed in the whole basin and largely prevailing in the southern part of the Cienfuegos city. Biomarker fingerprints assign the sources of pollution to mixes of national and non-national crude oils. The overall levels of anthropogenic hydrocarbons are relatively high compared to relevant areas worldwide and reveal a moderate/high level of hydrocarbon pollution. The Cienfuegos bay sediments received over a period of 5 yr, 50 T/yr of petrogenic unresolved hydrocarbons (UCM) and 2 T/yr of PAHs, being deposited the 80% in the sediments of the north basin.  相似文献   

8.
The quantitative concentrations of 21 congeners of polychlorinated biphenyls and 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were studied in bottom sediments of the Usa River, the largest Pechora’s tributary, and its tributaries located in the central part of Timan-Pechora petroleum province. In accordance with the classification of the regional and international standards, the pollution degree of bottom sediments by organic compounds of those classes was evaluated. Pollution profiles were examined and the character of the dominating source of polychlorinated biphenyls and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for bottom sediments in the region under study was identified. Key words: bottom sediments, polychlorinated biphenyls, profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, petrogenic, pyrogenic pollution source.  相似文献   

9.
The presented results have been obtained in a study of the concentrations and composition of aliphatic and polycyclic hydrocarbons in bottom sediments of Volga delta branches and in its shallow zone (2009–2010), as well as the Caspian Sea proper (2010–2013). Oil hydrocarbon pollution has been found to manifest itself mostly in Volga delta branches, which, despite the low concentrations (up to 54.5 μg/g), showed higher hydrocarbons share in Corg (up to 33.8%), while the composition of alkanes suggested their oil genesis. The geochemical barrier the Volga–the Caspian Sea prevents anthropogenic hydrocarbons from entering the open parts of the Caspian. Bottom sediments in the shallow zone of the Northern Caspian, represented by coarse-grained material, are now polluted by oil hydrocarbons to a lesser extent compared with other areas. The highest concentrations of aliphatic hydrocarbons (up to 178 μg/g) were recorded in the deepsea bottom sediments of Derbent Depression and in depressions of the Middle and Southern Caspian. These areas show a higher concentration of Corg (up to 9.884%) and a low concentration of hydrocarbons in Corg (up to 0.16%), while odd high-molecular homologues (n-C25–C31) dominate in the composition of alkanes.  相似文献   

10.
The data given are the results of many-year studying the distribution of the concentrations of main oil components (hydrocarbons, surfactants, and asphaltene-tarry substances) in the water mass, vertically settling particulate matter, and bottom sediment cores taken from the section Lower Don-The Gulf of Taganrog-Russian sector of the Sea of Azov in summer and autumn periods in 2006–2011. Spatial and seasonal regularities in the distributions of the total concentration of oil components and the values of their ratios in water, as well as the spatial and annual features of their accumulation in bottom sediments have been established. Radiological methods have been used for layer-by-layer dating of bottom sediment cores and determine the thickness of the layer that had formed under the maximal anthropogenic impact on ecosystems. The presence of considerable amounts of hydrocarbons of modern biological origin has been revealed in all components of examined aquatic complexes.  相似文献   

11.
In this study of Ukrainian estuaries, sediments and tissues from the Dnieper and Boh estuaries and Danube Delta on the mainland, Sevastopol and Balaklava Bays on the Crimean Peninsula, and coastal Black Sea along the Crimean Peninsula were collected in 2006. Contaminant analyses included several metals, the hydrophobic organic chemicals (HOCs) polychlorinated biphenyls, several chlorinated pesticides, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. When compared to estuarine sediments globally, the Ukrainian sediments were found to be moderately contaminated. However, several metals, especially mercury, were often shown to be elevated in the tissues of the Ukrainian organisms in comparison to organisms from other estuarine locations. Sediment quality guidelines indicate some of the estuarine sediments could be sufficiently contaminated to cause adverse toxicological effects. This investigation represents the first extensive study of HOC and metal baseline concentrations and distributions in Ukrainian estuaries and seeks to characterize exposures to aquatic organisms living in these systems.  相似文献   

12.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in ore and mudstone within the McArthur River ore deposit show compound distribution patterns similar to those of hydrothermally generated petroleum in the Guaymas Basin and significantly different from those found in conventional oil. PAH abundances and their isomer distributions result from a temperature gradient between the source of mineralizing fluids and the sediments fringing the ore system during ore formation. Along with other geochemical, geological, paleobiological and mineralogical lines of evidence, these data provide strong evidence that the ore formed within partially lithified sediments under marine conditions. Given that the McArthur River ore body is an exquisitely preserved example of a sediment-hosted base-metal deposit, these results may be widely applicable. The McArthur deposit is also a rich repository of paleobiological information, allowing studies of the microbiology of ore formation and the paleobiology of an ancient hydrothermal system, as is discussed elsewhere.  相似文献   

13.
A lattice Boltzmann automaton (LBA) is used as a modelling approach to investigate the influence of pore‐space geometry on intrinsic processes and component distributions in recent tidal sediments. The simulations are performed on real pore‐space structures obtained from scanning electron photomicrographs, which document the mesoscopic geometry of bioactive sandy surface sediments. The discrete transport–reaction model for dissolved oxygen shows that in advective controlled systems oxygen concentration properties can be clearly related to the pore‐space geometry. Variability of measured high‐resolution concentration gradients can therefore can be attributed to the structural heterogeneity of pore‐space geometry. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

14.
The composition and spatial distribution of aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated in biota and coastal sediments from four countries surrounding the Gulf (Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates and Oman). The levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), aliphatic unresolved mixture and PAHs in sediments and biota were relatively low compared to world-wide locations reported to be chronically contaminated by oil. Only in the case of the sediments collected near the BAPCO oil refinery in Bahrain, having concentrations of 779 μg g−1 total petroleum hydrocarbon equivalents and 6.6 μg g−1 ∑PAHs, can they be categorized as chronically contaminated. Some evidence of oil contamination was also apparent in sediments and bivalves around Akkah Head and Abu Dhabi in the UAE, and near Mirbat in Oman. Contaminant patterns in sediments and biota indicated that the PAHs were mainly from fossil sources, with the exception of the high PAH concentrations in sediments near the BAPCO refinery that contained substantial concentrations of carcinogenic PAH combustion products.  相似文献   

15.
Data on the concentration and composition of aliphatic and polyaromatic hydrocarbons in the surface layer and the body of bottom sediments in Volga delta and on the northern Caspian shelf are given. Volga delta sediments are shown to contain large concentrations of organic compounds. It is established that the concentrations of organic compounds is largely dependent on the dispersiveness of sediments. Anthropogenic hydrocarbons, both oil and pyrogenic, fail to pass the marginal filter of the Volga River and do not reach the open part of the sea. Therefore, the hydrocarbons contained in the bottom sediments on the Caspian Sea shelf are mostly of natural genesis. The distribution of organic compounds in the bottom sediment strata has a complex character. In some cases, their concentration increases because of the higher flux of hydrocarbons (especially, polyarenes in the 1950s).  相似文献   

16.
As a first contribution to the assessment of organic microcontaminants in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, the patterns, levels, and regional distribution of chlorinated hydrocarbons (PCB, HCH, DDT, and HCB) in river sediments were investigated. The sediment sampling was carried out at selected stations in rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania (Peene, Uecker, Randow, Zarow, Ziese, Warnow, Elde, and Elbe) in August/September 1996. The chlorinated hydrocarbons were determined by GC/ECD following ultrasonic extraction. Generally, the contents of chlorinated hydrocarbons in the river Warnow and rivers of West Pomerania were at a low level, up to 15 ng/g (given for TOC). In Elde sediments, three to ten times higher contents of CHC were found, due to a higher degree of industrialization in the catchment area. Much higher CHC contents up to a factor of 100 higher than in the river Warnow occurred in Elbe sediments between the towns Dömitz and Boizenburg. A comparison of the CHC contents in river sediments of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania with those in Elbe sediments reflects the difference between rivers with a large and highly industrialized catchment area and much smaller rivers, only affected by agriculture and municipal sewages. The contribution from rivers of Mecklenburg-West Pomerania to the riverine input of organic microcontaminants into the innercoastal waters (boddens, hafts, and sounds) and the adjacent Baltic Sea seems to be low.  相似文献   

17.
Waters and sediments from the Potiguar Basin (NE Brazilian coast) were investigated for the presence and nature of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and aliphatic hydrocarbons. The region receives treated produced waters through a submarine outfall system serving the industrial district. The total dispersed/dissolved concentrations in the water column ranged from 10-50 ng L−1 for ∑16PAH and 5-10 μg L−1 for total aliphatic hydrocarbons. In the sediments, hydrocarbon concentrations were low (0.5-10 ng g−1for ∑16PAH and 0.01-5.0 μg g−1 for total aliphatic hydrocarbons) and were consistent with the low organic carbon content of the local sandy sediments. These data indicate little and/or absence of anthropogenic influence on hydrocarbon distribution in water and sediment. Therefore, the measured values may be taken as background values for the region and can be used as future reference following new developments of the petroleum industry in the Potiguar Basin.  相似文献   

18.
The composition and distribution of aliphatic (n-alkanes) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured for the surface sediments collected at 25 sites from Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, China. Total n-alkanes and PAH concentrations ranged from 0.5 to 8.2 microg/gdw and 0.02 to 2.2 microg/gdw, respectively, and the distribution of both n-alkanes and PAHs showed large spatial variations in the bay. The distribution of PAHs in the sediments was predominated by the three or more ring compounds. High hydrocarbon levels were generally found in the areas associated with high anthropogenic impact and port activities in the bay. The calculated hydrocarbon indexes suggest that petroleum contamination was the main source of n-alkanes, while both pyrolytic and petrogenic sources contributed PAHs to the surface sediments of Jiaozhou Bay. In comparison to other polluted coastal sediments, the level of contamination from both aliphatic hydrocarbons and PAHs in Jiaozhou Bay sediments is relatively low at the present time.  相似文献   

19.
The geographical distributions of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), hexachlorobenzene, and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl)ethene (4,4'-DDE) were studied in the Berau delta (East Kalimantan, Indonesia), using sediment sampling and passive water sampling with semipermeable membrane devices. High concentrations of perylene were observed in sediments (54-580 ng g(-1) dry weight), and water (1-680 pg L(-1)). Perylene accounted for about 60% of the total concentrations of PAHs in the sediment. The relative abundance of the other PAHs was indicative of petrogenic sources. Concentrations of PCBs, hexachlorobenzene, and 4,4'-DDE in sediments were below or close to the detection limit (～ 0.02 ng g(-1)). The analysis of a sediment core revealed no appreciable changes in the concentration of target compounds over the past three decades. We show that sediment sampling and passive water sampling are complementary techniques, and propose to bring the results of both methods to the same concentration scale, using locally derived sediment-water partition coefficients.  相似文献   

20.
赵健  周怀东  陆瑾  王雨春 《湖泊科学》2009,21(5):647-653
对王快水库沉积物中16种多环芳烃含量进行了检测,结果表明,王快水库沉积物多环芳烃含量处于中等污染水平.多环芳烃总含量由库区上游到坝前逐渐升高,多环芳烃总含量在沉积物纵向上的总体分布趋势是随着剖面深度的增加而降低,低环的萘和菲,高环的荧蒽、苯并[b]荧蒽、屈和芘是沉积物中主要的优势化合物,表层和剖面沉积物中多环芳烃的含量与有机碳含量呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.8154和0.9534.王快水库沉积物中多环芳烃主要来源化石燃料及生物质的燃烧,风险评价结果表明,严重的多环芳烃生态风险在王快水库沉积物中不存在,但是芴化合物含量超过了风险评价低值,可能存在着对生物的潜在危害.  相似文献   

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