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1.
东北地区平均、最高、最低气温时空变化特征及对比分析 总被引：29，自引：12，他引：29
东北地区是我国受全球气候变暖影响增温最显著的地区之一,有其独特的气候变化特点。利用东北地区建国以来较密集的气象观测资料,运用Yamamoto检测、趋势系数、气候倾向率等方法分析了该区域近44 a来平均、最高、最低气温的时空变化特征和规律,并初步探讨了这些变化的差异和可能影响因素。结果表明:近44 a来,东北地区平均气温存在明显的变暖倾向,气候变暖趋势存在着季节性和地域性差异。冬季增温最强,秋季增温最弱;区域变化表现为在区域中心区域,即吉林、黑龙江、内蒙古三省交界区增温趋势最明显,辽宁中部和内蒙古东部的中心靠近边境区域为增温较弱的地区;最低气温的增温率是最高气温的2倍左右。 相似文献
2.
利用海东地区6个气象站点自1961—2015年的实测资料,应用统计学方法分析海东地区近55年来气温、积温、地温等热量资源的变化特征及对海东农业产生的影响。结果表明1961—2015年海东地区年平均气温呈显著的升高趋势,升温率达0.37℃/10年;年平均地表温度也呈上升趋势,其增温率达0.41℃/10a;年平均20cm地表温度为8.8℃,近55a来呈波动上升态势,増温率为0.38℃/10a,大于年平均气温的增温速率但小于地表温度的增温速率,且对年平均气温、地面0cm温度、20cm温度进行了突变分析,结果均未出现突变。积温变化就区域平均而言,2010年以来,≥0℃积温与多年平均相比偏多295.3℃,与60年代相比偏多485.7℃;≥5℃积温与多年平均相比偏多346.9℃;≥10℃积温与多年平均相比偏多505.3℃。气候明显变暖,气候变暖使春播作物播种期提早,越冬作物播种期推迟,初春提前返青,使海东大多数农作物的适宜种植面积有所扩大,气候变暖对海东的农业生产布局和种植结构产生了明显的影响。 相似文献
3.
依据呼图壁河青年干渠渠首水文站1979—2005年径流量资料和呼图壁县气象站同期历史气候资料,统计分析了27a来呼图壁河径流的年内分布特征、多年变化规律以及呼图壁河流域气候变化对河流径流的影响。结果表明:径流量年内分配极不均匀,11月—3月几乎无径流产生,而4月—10月径流十分集中,水热同期的气候特点是形成呼图壁河径流年内分配不均的根本原因;径流量的年际变化较稳定,变差系数仅0.14;27a来呼图壁河年径流量表现出较明显的递增趋势,平均增加倾向率为0.157×108m3.10a-1;降水是影响河川径流的主要气候因素,27a来降水量呈增多趋势是导致呼图壁河年径流量递增的主要原因。气温升高,加快了冰川、积雪融水的产生,对增加和稳定径流也具有重要作用。 相似文献
4.
基于昆明地区11站点最近40 a逐年的年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温等气象资料,使用标准差、线性倾向率和信噪比SNR指标及相关检验方法,从多个角度综合分析最近40 a昆明地区气温变化特点和规律。结果表明:近40a来昆明地区气候变暖趋势明显,1971—1990年变暖趋势相对缓慢,进入1990年以来气候变暖加剧;秋冬季变暖比春夏季变暖更为突出;最低气温增温趋势比最高气温、平均气温更为明显,低温增温对气候变暖贡献突出。进入1990年后期,昆明地区气候变暖伴随气温突变出现,1998年昆明地区各区域年平均气温和年平均最低气温都存在气温突变现象。 相似文献
5.
文章利用石家庄市1961—2013年气温资料,采用滑动平均、线性趋势图、M-K突变检验等方法对石家庄近53a的气温变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:近53a平均气温上升趋势明显,20世纪80年代后期升温显著;年平均最高气温增温率仅为0.107℃/10a,增温趋势平缓,而年平均最低气温增温率为0.594℃/10a,呈明显的逐年上升趋势,说明气候变暖趋势显著;高温日数的增加,气候变暖趋势已成为必然。四季平均气温呈线性上升趋势,春季、冬季变化幅度最大且具有继续升温的趋势,是造成气候变暖的主要原因。而夏季、秋季变化幅度较小。 相似文献
6.
根据惠州城市和乡村1961-2004年逐月平均气温资料,对比分析了全球变暖背景下惠州城市和乡村的气温变化。结果表明：城市和乡村年平均气温均表现为增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.21和0.13 ℃/10 a,其中冬季变暖最明显。城市气温的增温率和增温幅度都高于乡村,城市化、工业化和人类活动引起的城市热岛效应对城市气温变化有重要影响,年和四季城市热岛效应的增温贡献率为28.9%～56.3%。1990年代中期开始的10 a与前34 a相比,城市年和四季热岛效应增温幅度平均为0.19～0.27 ℃,全球变暖效应增温幅度平均为0.17～0.73 ℃。城市热岛效应对1990年代城市气温突变有重要影响。 相似文献
7.
根据惠州城市和乡村1961-2004年逐月平均气温资料,对比分析了全球变暖背景下惠州城市和乡村的气温变化。结果表明：城市和乡村年平均气温均表现为增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.21和0.13 ℃/10 a,其中冬季变暖最明显。城市气温的增温率和增温幅度都高于乡村,城市化、工业化和人类活动引起的城市热岛效应对城市气温变化有重要影响,年和四季城市热岛效应的增温贡献率为28.9%～56.3%。1990年代中期开始的10 a与前34 a相比,城市年和四季热岛效应增温幅度平均为0.19～0.27 ℃,全球变暖效应增温幅度平均为0.17～0.73 ℃。城市热岛效应对1990年代城市气温突变有重要影响。 相似文献
8.
桂北动物物候气候变暖响应 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
对桂北地区1989~2007年青蛙、蟋蟀始鸣和终鸣以及气温等气候要素1975~2007年同步观测资料的对比分析结果表明,近10年来桂北地区青蛙和蟋蟀始鸣日期呈提前趋势,终鸣日期稳定,始终鸣间隔期及生长繁殖季显著延长;桂林雁山近34年来年平均气温呈显著上升趋势,特别是1997年以来增温显著,在增温过程中以春季增温为主,冬季和秋季增温次之,夏季呈弱降温趋势;2~4月平均气温和3月平均最高气温是影响青蛙和蟋蟀始鸣期和始终鸣间隔期的主要气候生态因子;动物物候变化是动物对气候变暖的响应。 相似文献
9.
气候变化和人类活动对石羊河流域水资影响评价 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
石羊河流域的年平均气温(最高、最低气温)自1951年以来总体呈上升趋势,增温速率为0.22℃/10a,增幅达1.2℃。1992年是年平均气温显著变暖的年份,与显著变暖前相比,年平均气温上升了0.85℃,低于近51年1.1℃的增幅水平。在近55年中,石羊河流域的年降水总体上在增加,出山口径流量在减少,流域尾闾民勤绿洲的地下水位在快速下降。气温显著变暖后,年降水量增加了约18.2 mm,增幅达5.8%,出山口径流量减少了4.1×108m3,民勤绿洲的地下水位下降了1倍~2倍。水资源变化的成因分析表明,出山口径流量的减少源自径流补充之一的上游山区降水的减少,而红崖山水库入库径流量的持续快速减少则是民勤地下水位快速下降的主要原因之一。受气候变化的影响,石羊河流域出山口径流量峰期有所提前,而人类活动严重地影响了石羊河流域中游地表径流利用量和下游可利用量分配比例。 相似文献
10.
对1951—2005年营口市年和逐月平均气温和极端气温变化特征的分析表明：近55 a来营口市年平均气温呈递增趋势,其中平均最低气温的增温趋势最强、平均气温次之、平均最高气温最弱。极端最高气温与年平均气温的变化趋势不同,呈现出前30 a递减、近30 a递增,近20 a气候变暖更为突出;各月极端最高气温变率差异不明显。近55 a营口市年极端最低气温呈递增趋势,近30 a较近55 a显著递增,但近20 a则稳定少动;各月极端最低气温均呈递增趋势,冬季递增趋势最强、夏季最弱;城市化发展及工业化引起的热岛效应是营口市显著增温的重要原因,而全球变暖的大背景则进一步加强了增温趋势。 相似文献
11.
该文用Mann-Kendall方法对近50年海河流域山区20个子流域的径流及降水的变化趋势进行了显著性检验, 结合降水, 径流及气温的年代距平值的同步分析以及径流对气候变化的敏感性研究结果, 对近50年海河流域径流的变化趋势, 提出了一个半定量分析的研究思路和方法。提出影响径流变化的三种类型:以气候暖干化为主, 人类活动为辅的径流显著衰减型;以人类活动为主, 气候暖干化为辅的径流显著衰减型;人类活动与气候变异都不明显, 径流无显著变化的类型。分析结果展示了气候、人类活动与水之间的相互作用。这种相互作用, 给径流的变化趋势分析和成因分析带来了复杂性与困难, 也给气候变化对水资源的影响研究提出了挑战。 相似文献
12.
辽河流域属于气候变暖较为显著区域,增温幅度比全球和全国的增温幅度都要高。同时辽河流域也是水资源较为匮乏且需求量大的地区,因此气候变化对水资源影响问题也更值得关注。基于长期历史观测气象水文数据和未来不同情景下气候变化预估资料,建立评估气候变化与径流量的关系,预估未来气候变化对径流量的可能影响,为辽河流域应对气候变化决策提供科学依据。结果表明:1961—2020年,辽河流域气温为持续上升趋势,降水没有明显的增减趋势,但存在阶段性变化;辽河流域降水量与径流量有较好的相关关系,具有较为一致的长期变化趋势与特征,年降水量与径流量相关数达到0.6以上。日降水量与径流量相关分析表明,降水发生后次日且为大雨降水等级(即日降水量≥25 mm)时,两者相关系数可高达0.85;敏感性试验和模式模拟试验表明,径流量对气候变化有明显的响应,降水增加(减少)、气温降低(升高),则径流量增加(减少);在未来RCP8.5排放情景下气温升高趋势最为明显,未来径流量也为显著增加趋势;RCP2.6排放情景下气温增加的幅度最小,未来径流量也表现为无明显增减趋势;RCP4.5情景下,气温增加的幅度居中,未来径流量则为减少趋势。 相似文献
13.
Records of hydrologic parameters, especially those parameters that are directly linked to air temperature, were analyzed to
find indicators of recent climate warming in Minnesota, USA. Minnesota is projected to be vulnerable to climate change because
of its location in the northern temperate zone of the globe. Ice-out and ice-in dates on lakes, spring (snowmelt) runoff timing,
spring discharge values in streams, and stream water temperatures recorded up to the year 2002 were selected for study. The
analysis was conducted by inspection of 10-year moving averages, linear regression on complete and on partial records, and
by ranking and sorting of events. Moving averages were used for illustrative purposes only. All statistics were computed on
annual data.
All parameters examined show trends, and sometimes quite variable trends, over different periods of the record. With the exception
of spring stream flow rates the trends of all parameters examined point toward a warming climate in Minnesota over the last
two or three decades. Although hidden among strong variability from year to year, ice-out dates on 73 lakes have been shifting
to an earlier date at a rate of −0.13 days/year from 1965 to 2002, while ice-in dates on 34 lakes have been delayed by 0.75
days/year from 1979 to 2002. From 1990 to 2002 the rates of change increased to −0.25 days/year for ice-out and 1.44 days/year
for ice-in. Trend analyses also show that spring runoff at 21 stream gaging sites examined occurs earlier. From 1964 to 2002
the first spring runoff (due to snowmelt) has occurred −0.30 days/year earlier and the first spring peak runoff −0.23 days/year
earlier. The stream water temperature records from 15 sites in the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area shows warming by
0.11∘C/year, on the average, from 1977 to 2002. Urban development may have had a strong influence. The analysis of spring stream
flow rates was inconclusive, probably because runoff is linked as much to precipitation and land use as to air temperature.
Ranking and sorting of annual data shows that a disproportionately large number of early lake ice-out dates has occurred after
1985, but also between 1940 and 1950; similarly late lake ice-in has occurred more frequently since about 1990. Ranking and
sorting of first spring runoff dates also gave evidence of earlier occurrences, i.e. climate warming in late winter.
A relationship of changes in hydrologic parameters with trends in air temperature records was demonstrated. Ice-out dates
were shown to correlate most strongly with average March air temperatures shifting by −2.0 days for a 1°C increase in March air temperature. Spring runoff dates also show a relationship with March air temperatures; spring runoff
dates shift at a rate of −2.5 days/1°C minimum March air temperature change. Water temperatures at seven river sites in the Minneapolis/St Paul metropolitan area
show an average rise of 0.46°C in river temperature/1°C mean annual air temperature change, but this rate of change probably includes effects of urban development.
In conclusion, records of five hydrologic parameters that are closely linked to air temperature show a trend that suggests
recent climate warming in Minnesota, and especially from 1990 to 2002. The recent rates of change calculated from the records
are very noteworthy, but must not be used to project future parameter values, since trends cannot continue indefinitely, and
trend reversals can be seen in some of the long-term records. 相似文献
14.
Ho-Jeong Shin Chan Joo Jang Il-Ung Chung 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2017,53(4):411-419
Recently we have had abnormal weather events worldwide that are attributed by climate scientists to the global warming induced by human activities. If the global warming continues in the future and such events occur more frequently and someday become normal, we will have an unprecedented climate. This study intends to answer when we will have an unprecedented warm climate, focusing more on the regional characteristics of the timing of unprecedented climate. Using an in-situ observational data from weather stations of annual-mean surface air temperature in Korea from 1973 to 2015, we estimate a timing of unprecedented climate with a linear regression method. Based on the in-situ data with statistically significant warming trends at 95% confidence level, an unprecedented climate in Korea is projected to occur first in Cheongju by 2043 and last in Haenam by 2168. This 125-year gap in the timing indicates that a regional difference in timing of unprecedented climate is considerably large in Korea. Despite the high sensitivity of linear estimation to the data period and resolution, our findings on the large regional difference in timing of unprecedented climate can give an insight into making policies for climate change mitigation and adaptation, not only for the central government but for provincial governments. 相似文献
15.
Gridded temperature data are necessary to run ecological models at regional scales for climate impact studies and have been generated by spatially interpolating measured values at synoptic stations. Because there are few synoptic stations with long-term records in rural areas in Korea, data from urban stations have been used for this purpose. Due to the overlapping of the rapid urbanization-industrialization period with the global warming era in Korea, climate data from these urbanized areas might be contaminated with urban heat island effect. This study was conducted to differentiate urbanization and regional climate change effects on apparent temperature change. Monthly averages of daily minimum, maximum, and mean temperature at 14 synoptic stations were prepared for 1951-1980 (past normal) and 1971-2000 (current normal) periods, respectively.Differences in two temperature normals were regressed to the logarithm of the population increase at 14 corresponding cities from 1966 to 1985. The regression equations were used to determine potential effects of urbanization and to extract the net contribution of regional climate change to the apparent temperature change. According to the model calculation, urbanization effect was common in all months except April. Up to 0.5° warming of nighttime temperature was induced by urbanization in the current normal period compared with the past normal period. There was little effect of regional climate change on local warming in the warm season (May through November). The cool season was warmed mainly by regionally increased daytime temperature. The results could be used to remove urbanization effects embedded in raw data, helping restore unbiased rural temperature trends in South Korea. 相似文献
16.
Hydro-Climatic Trends of the Yellow River Basin for the Last 50 Years 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
Kendall's test was used to analyze the hydro-climatic trends of the Yellow River over the last half century. The results show that: (1) the runoff of the basin has decreased even after allowing for human uses, (2) the watershed has become warmer with a more significant increase in minimum temperature than in mean and maximum temperatures, and (3) no significant change in precipitation trend was observed. The major reasons for these results include human activities, global warming, land use/land cover change, and others, such as accuracy of natural runoff estimation, precipitation characteristics, groundwater exploitation, water transfer, and snowmelt. Homogeneity analysis indicated that precipitation, temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature were all heterogeneous and the trends varied from region to region and from month to month. If the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projections of continued warming in the region during the 21st century are correct, the present results then suggest that the trend towards reduced runoff is likely to lead to exacerbated problems for agriculture, industry, urban communities, and the overall regional environment. 相似文献
17.
气候变化及人类活动对西北干旱区水资源影响研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文回顾了西北干旱区气候变化事实及其对水资源影响的最新研究进展,从气候变化和人类活动两个角度综述了水资源变化的原因,以及未来西北干旱区水资源变化与适应对策。研究表明：1961年以来西北干旱区呈现明显暖湿化趋势,其中冬季增温最快,夏季降水增加速率最大。伊利河谷、塔城等地区增温趋势最大,北疆降水量增加最多。受气候变暖导致冰雪快速消融和山区降水增加的影响,西北干旱区西部河流黑河、疏勒河、塔里木河出山口径流量显著增加。由于东部河流石羊河径流的补给主要靠降水,降水的减少导致径流呈现下降趋势。不合理人类活动造成石羊河、黑河和开都河中下游径流减少。本文提出了西北干旱区亟待深入研究的任务：极端天气气候事件的变化规律及其对水资源影响;未来气候变化和水资源的预估;气候变化归因研究;气候变化-社会经济活动一体化适应策略选择;水资源科学合理定量分配等。 相似文献
18.
Quantifying the effects of climate variability and human activities on runoff for Kaidu River Basin in arid region of northwest China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Much attention has recently been focused on the effects that climate variability and human activities have had on runoff. In this study, data from the Kaidu River Basin in the arid region of northwest China were analyzed to investigate changes in annual runoff during the period of 1960–2009. The nonparametric Mann–Kendall test and the Mann–Kendall–Sneyers test were used to identify trend and step change point in the annual runoff. It was found that the basin had a significant increasing trend in annual runoff. Step change point in annual runoff was identified in the basin, which occurred in the year around 1993 dividing the long-term runoff series into a natural period (1960–1993) and a human-induced period (1994–2009). Then, the hydrologic sensitivity analysis method was employed to evaluate the effects of climate variability and human activities on mean annual runoff for the human-induced period based on precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. In 1994–2009, climate variability was the main factor that increased runoff with contribution of 90.5 %, while the increasing percentage due to human activities only accounted for 9.5 %, showing that runoff in the Kaidu River Basin is more sensitive to climate variability than human activities. This study quantitatively distinguishes the effects between climate variability and human activities on runoff, which can do duty for a reference for regional water resources assessment and management. 相似文献
19.
1961—2010年云南干湿气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用15个站点1961—2010年日照时数、降水量和平均温度等气候资料,计算云南5个区域各季节相对湿润度指数,分析云南干湿气候变化特征。结果表明,相对湿润度指数可定量、准确地表达云南各区域自然气候干湿程度,能客观反映云南干湿气候的波动变化和区域性差别。20世纪90年代中期以来,云南干季、雨季潜在蒸散量呈增大变化趋势,同期降水量有减小的趋势变化,从而在气候变暖背景下引发云南气候的干旱化趋势。干季各地相对湿润度指数年际波动变化大,年代际差异明显;雨季各地干湿状况年际波动相对较小,且呈现明显的周期性波动变化趋势。云南5个区域的干湿气候变化既有一致性也有差异性：滇中和滇西南比较一致,滇西北与滇东南差异明显,滇西北与滇东北雨季差异突出、干季较为相似。 相似文献