共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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在我国治沙大军中,有这样一对父子——父亲是赫赫有名的全国治沙英雄石光银,儿子是治沙的后起之秀石战军。在陕西定边毛乌素沙地边缘,父子二人共同谱写了一曲人进沙退的壮歌。老石以毕生的治沙经验培养着儿子,石战军则不负重托,干得有声有色。然而,就在老石可以把自己的治沙事业托付给儿子时,一场车祸夺走了石战军年轻的生命。经历了丧子之痛,老英雄又一次坚强地回到了治沙第一线,这一次,他肩上承载的是两代人的治沙理想。人进沙退,绿锁黄龙。中国林业发展到今天、治沙成果如此显著,正是因为有无数石家父子这样的人,一代接着一代干,甚至不惜献出宝贵的生命。他们用汗水和热血在茫茫沙地浇灌出片片绿荫,铸就了加快现代林业发展的坚实基础。 相似文献
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德国汉诺威大学土木工程与测量系地球测量研究所Guenter Seeber教授所著的《SatelliteGeodesy》(卫星大地测量学)第2版已于2003年由德国Walter de Gruyter出版社在柏林出版.本书的第1版于1993年由该出版社出版,都是用英文写成.第1版曾由国家地震局地震研究所赖锡安教授等译成中文于1998年由地震出版社出版.第2版与第1版之间相隔恰好10年,10年来卫星大地测量领域有了很大的发展和变化,Seeber教授以其深邃的眼光、严谨的学风和渊博的知识全面修订和扩展了第1版.本文结合第1版,将第2版的主要内容和特色介绍给我国读者,希望能对广大测绘同行有所裨益. 相似文献
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王家耀 《测绘科学技术学报》2007,24(1):F0002-F0002
由原《测绘学院学报》改版后的《测绘科学技术学报》已经面世一年了. 在过去的2006年里,本刊得到了编委会顾问、编委、通信编委及国内外同行和学者的厚爱、关心和支持,内涵有了进一步扩展,质量有了进一步的提高,被评为"首届中国高校优秀科技期刊". 相似文献
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基于VBA的Excel测量程序开发技术 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
基于VBA开发Excel测量程序具有简便、高效和通用的特点,程序的使用具有直观、实时、动态、灵活、交互性与图形功能强等明显的优势.由于Office软件使用的普遍性及其组件之间数据良好的交互性和共享性,Excel在数据处理与相应报告的生成等方面更具优势.以开发实例介绍使用VBA开发Excel测量程序的主要技术方法. 相似文献
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利用平地干涉相位进行INSAR初始基线估计 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
INSAR技术是最有潜力获取高精度DEM的手段之一.在其关键技术中,基线估计是影响最终DEM精度的一个关键因素.通常,较小的基线估计误差将会导致获取的DEM中存在较大的斜坡效应.但是,对于境外等难以获取地面控制点的区域,很难精确地估计出基线参数,从而使获取的DEM误差很大.针对这种情况,从INSAR的基本原理入手,提出了一种新的利用平地干涉相位进行初始基线估计的方法.利用1994年美国NASA航天飞机SIR-C/X-SAR数据和中国科学院电子所机载双天线干涉数据进行了实验,结果表明:该方法适用于无控制地区的基线估计,它无需地面控制点,并且估计出的基线参数比较精确. 相似文献
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AIRS/TOVS/TOMS反演的臭氧总量的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用2003-2005年的AIRS(Atmospheric Infrared Sounder),TOVS(The TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder)和TOMS(Total ozone mapping spectrometer)卫星资料反演的大气臭氧柱总量分析了全球范围内大气臭氧的分布和变化特征.北半球大气臭氧柱总量有明显的季节变化,在春季达到最大值约为322.25DU,秋季达到最小值约为277.83DU,变化幅度约为45DU,南半球季节变化不明显;大气臭氧柱总量有明显的纬度变化,低纬度地区臭氧柱总量较低,基本维持在250-270DU,高纬度地区臭氧柱总量较高,北半球中高纬地区平均约为294DU,南半球中高纬地区平均约为279DU.几种反演结果的对比分析表明,AIRS的全球(60°N-60°S)平均臭氧柱总量的值比TOVS和TOMS的值高大约3-5DU.其反演值在南极大陆和沙漠地区出现异常.与地基观测资料相比较,AIRS和TOMS反演值与地面站观测值之间具有一致的变化趋势,并存在较好的相关性. 相似文献
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针对WebGIS中存在的地理空间数据语义共享问题,在分析XML和GML特点的基础上,论述了基于XML构架WebGIS系统的方案和应用方式,并详析了实现构架的相关技术. 相似文献
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Land cover change is increasingly affecting the biophysics, biogeochemistry, and biogeography of the Earth's surface and the atmosphere, with far-reaching consequences to human well-being. However, our scientific understanding of the distribution and dynamics of land cover and land cover change (LCLCC) is limited. Previous global land cover assessments performed using coarse spatial resolution (300 m–1 km) satellite data did not provide enough thematic detail or change information for global change studies and for resource management. High resolution (∼30 m) land cover characterization and monitoring is needed that permits detection of land change at the scale of most human activity and offers the increased flexibility of environmental model parameterization needed for global change studies. However, there are a number of challenges to overcome before producing such data sets including unavailability of consistent global coverage of satellite data, sheer volume of data, unavailability of timely and accurate training and validation data, difficulties in preparing image mosaics, and high performance computing requirements. Integration of remote sensing and information technology is needed for process automation and high-performance computing needs. Recent developments in these areas have created an opportunity for operational high resolution land cover mapping, and monitoring of the world. Here, we report and discuss these advancements and opportunities in producing the next generations of global land cover characterization, mapping, and monitoring at 30-m spatial resolution primarily in the context of United States, Group on Earth Observations Global 30 m land cover initiative (UGLC). 相似文献
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提出了一种面向土地覆盖变化信息局域精度评估的自适应型抽样策略。结合待研究地图的土地覆盖变化信息局部特征（如土地覆盖变化类别、斑块大小、异质性和优势度）,探讨与土地覆盖变化信息精度显著相关的协变量,以预测精度的标准误差作为判断标准,识别需要提高精度预测结果可靠性的区域,以自适应地和逐步定位的方式进行样本采集。基于武汉地区的精度评价结果,自适应的抽取增加100个训练样本使得预测精度的确定系数提高了50.66%,而简单随机抽取的增加样本使得预测精度的确定系数提高了17.22%。试验表明,自适应型抽样策略能显著提高土地覆盖变化信息局域精度预测的抽样效益,减少预测精度的不确定性。模型选择的结果表明,土地覆盖变化类别和优势度指数是最优的协变量组合。 相似文献
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Abstract Much of the human dimensions of environmental change research emphasize the mapping and modeling of land use and land cover patterns over space and time, and the linkages between people, place, and environment as proximate and distal forces of landscape dynamics. Spatial digital technologies, framed within a GIScience (GISc) context, figure prominently in the characterization of land use and land cover through remote sensing technologies, and in the assessment of social and demographic factors and local and regional site and situation considerations achieved through global positioning systems, data visualizations, and spatial and statistical analyses. Here, we describe some fundamental approaches for linking data across thematic domains, essential for the study of human‐environment interactions. The goal is to generate compatible data sets that extend across social, biophysical, and geographical domains so that the causes and consequences of land use and land cover dynamics might be explored within a spatially‐explicit context. 相似文献
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KennedyOkelloWERE 《遥感学报》2010,14(1):180-196
<正>Land cover is a fundamental variable that links many facets of the natural environment and a key driver of global environmental change.Alterations in its status can have significant ramifications at local,regional and global levels.Hence,it is imperative to map land cover at a range of spatial and temporal scales with a view to understanding the inherent patterns for effective characterization,prediction and management of the potential environmental impacts.This paper presents the results of an effort to map land cover patterns in Kinangop division,Kenya,using geospatial tools.This is a geographic locality that has experienced rapid land use transformations since Kenya's independence culminating in uncontrolled land cover changes and loss of biodiversity.The changes in land use/cover constrain the natural resource base and presuppose availability of quantitative and spatially explicit land cover data for understanding the inherent patterns and facilitating specific and multi-purpose land use planning and management.As such,the study had two objectives viz.(i) mapping the spatial patterns of land cover in Kinangop using remote sensing and GIS and;(ii) evaluating the quality of the resultant land cover map.ASTER satellite imagery acquired in January 23,2007 was procured and field data gathered between September l0 and October 16,2007.The latter were used for training the maximum likelihood classifier and validating the resultant land cover map.The land cover classification yielded 5 classes,overall accuracy of 83.5%and kappa statistic of 0.79,which conforms to the acceptable standards of land cover mapping. This qualifies its application in environmental decision-making and manifests the utility of geospatial techniques in mapping land resources. 相似文献
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Remote sensing is a useful tool for monitoring changes in land cover over time. The accuracy of such time-series analyses has hitherto only been assessed using confusion matrices. The matrix allows global measures of user, producer and overall accuracies to be generated, but lacks consideration of any spatial aspects of accuracy. It is well known that land cover errors are typically spatially auto-correlated and can have a distinct spatial distribution. As yet little work has considered the temporal dimension and investigated the persistence or errors in both geographic and temporal dimensions. Spatio-temporal errors can have a profound impact on both change detection and on environmental monitoring and modelling activities using land cover data. This study investigated methods for describing the spatio-temporal characteristics of classification accuracy. Annual thematic maps were created using a random forest classification of MODIS data over the Jakarta metropolitan areas for the period of 2001–2013. A logistic geographically weighted model was used to estimate annual spatial measures of user, producer and overall accuracies. A principal component analysis was then used to extract summaries of the multi-temporal accuracy. The results showed how the spatial distribution of user and producer accuracy varied over space and time, and overall spatial variance was confirmed by the principal component analysis. The results indicated that areas of homogeneous land cover were mapped with relatively high accuracy and low variability, and areas of mixed land cover with the opposite characteristics. A multi-temporal spatial approach to accuracy is shown to provide more informative measures of accuracy, allowing map producers and users to evaluate time series thematic maps more comprehensively than a standard confusion matrix approach. The need to identify suitable properties for a temporal kernel are discussed. 相似文献
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Armel Thibaut Kaptué Tchuenté Jean-Louis Roujean Steven M. De Jong 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
Land cover dynamics at the African continental scale is of great importance for global change studies. Actually, four satellite-derived land cover maps of Africa now available, e.g. ECOCLIMAP, GLC2000, MODIS and GLOBCOVER, are based on images acquired in the 2000s. This study aims at stressing the compliances and the discrepancies between these four land cover classifications systems. Each of them used different mapping initiatives and relies on different mapping standards, which supports the present investigation. In order to do a relative comparison of the four maps, a preamble was to reconcile their thematic legends into more aggregated categories after a projection into the same spatial resolution. Results show that the agreement between the four land cover products is between 56 and 69%. While all these land cover datasets show a reasonable agreement in terms of surface types and spatial distribution patterns, mapping of heterogeneous landscapes in the four products is not very successful. Land cover products based on remote sensing imagery can indeed significantly be improved by using smarter algorithms, better timing of image acquisition, improved class definitions. Either will help to improve the accuracy of future land cover maps at the African continental scale. Data producers may use the areas of spatial agreement for training area selection while users might need to verify the information in the areas of disagreement using additional data sources. 相似文献
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Jean-Franois Mas Alejandro Velzquez Jos Reyes Díaz-Gallegos Rafael Mayorga-Saucedo Camilo Alcntara Gerardo Bocco Rutilio Castro Tania Fernndez Azucena Prez-Vega 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2004,5(4):249-261
A nationwide multidate GIS database was generated in order to carry out the quantification and spatial characterization of land use/cover changes (LUCC) in Mexico. Existing cartography on land use/cover at a 1:250,000 scale was revised to select compatible inputs regarding the scale, the classification scheme and the mapping method. Digital maps from three different dates (the late 1970s, 1993 and 2000) were revised, evaluated, corrected and integrated into a GIS database. In order to improve the reliability of the database, an attempt was made to assess the accuracy of the digitalisation procedure and to detect and correct unlikely changes due to thematic errors in the maps. Digital maps were overlaid in order to generate LUCC maps, transition matrices and to calculate rates of conversion. Based upon this database, rates of deforestation between 1976 and 2000 were evaluated as 0.25 and 0.76% per year for temperate and tropical forests, respectively. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Digital Earth》2013,6(2):89-108
Abstract A methodology is presented for estimating percent coverage of impervious surface (IS) and forest cover (FC) within Landsat thematic mapper (TM) pixels of urban areas. High-resolution multi-spectral images from Quickbird (QB) play a key role in the sub-pixel mapping process by providing information on the spatial distributions of ISs and FCs at 2.4 m ground sampling intervals. Thematic classifications, also derived from the Landsat imagery, have then been employed to define relationships between 30 m Landsat-derived greenness values and percent IS and FC. By also utilizing land cover/land use classification derived from Landsat and defining unique relationships for urban sub-classes (i.e. residential, commercial/industrial, open land), confusion between impervious and fallow agricultural lands has been overcome. Test results are presented for Ottawa-Gatineau, an urban area that encompasses many aspects typical of the North American urban landscape. Multiple QB scenes have been acquired for this urban centre, thereby allowing us to undertake an in-depth study of the error budgets associated with the fractional inference process. 相似文献
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Mahendra S. Lodhi Prasanna K. Samal Shivaji Chaudhry L. M. S. Palni P. P. Dhyani 《Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing》2014,42(2):461-467
Since last few decades RS-GIS is playing vital role in studying and mapping spatiotemporal responses of land cover, however, as a matter of fact, the mapping outputs largely depend on the expert's/user's preferences because location specific and people specific land cover classification systems are adopted autonomously for image classification in GIS. This may actually lead to an ambiguous definition of a particular land cover type when such different maps are compared at global level. In 1993, FAO and UNEP started efforts for development of a software tool know as LCCS which is a comprehensive standardized tool capable of providing land cover characterization to all possible land cover types in the world regardless of spatial relevance, mapping scale, data collection method etc. Adding to the global efforts of land cover legend harmonization and mapping, this study presents development of harmonized land cover legends for Namdapha National Park located in north-eastern Indian Himalayan region using LCCS and subsequent mapping. The potential of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in forest/land cover mapping is very well recognized. Therefore, adopting the developed harmonized legends for the study area, land cover mapping was done using RS-GIS approach. 相似文献