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1.
Global warming has caused unevenly distributed changes in precipitation and evapotranspiration, which has and will certainly impact on the wet-dry variations. Based on daily meteorological data collected at 91 weather stations in Northeast China (NEC), the spatiotemporal characteristics of dry and wet climatic variables (precipitation, crop reference evapotranspiration (ET0), and humid index (HI)) are analyzed, and the probable reasons causing the changes in these variables are discussed during the period of 1961–2014. Precipitation showed non-significant trend over the period of 1961–2014, while ET0 showed a significant decreasing trend, which led to climate wetting in NEC. The period of 2001–2012 exhibited smaller semiarid area and larger humid area compared to the period of 1961–1980, indicating NEC has experienced wetting process at decadal scale. ET0 was most sensitive to relative humidity, and wind speed was the second most sensitive variable. Sunshine hours and temperature were found to be less influential to ET0 in the study area. The changes in wind speed in the recent 54 years have caused the greatest influence on ET0, followed by temperature. For each month, wind speed was the most significant variable causing ET0 reduction in all months except July. Temperature, as a dominant factor, made a positive contribution to ET0 in February and March, as well as sunshine hours in June and July, and relative humidity in August and September. In summary, NEC has experienced noticeable climate wetting due to the significantly decreasing ET0, and the decrease in wind speed was the biggest contributor for the ET0 reduction. Although agricultural drought crisis is expected to be partly alleviated, regional water resources management and planning in Northeast China should consider the potential water shortage and water conflict in the future because of spatiotemporal dry-wet variations in NEC. 相似文献
2.
This study investigated the spatial–temporal patterns and trends of potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and aridity index (AI) over Southwest China during 1960–2013 based on daily temperature, precipitation, wind speed, sunshine duration, total solar radiation, and relative humidity data from 108 meteorological stations. The Penman–Monteith model, Mann–Kendall (M–K) test, moving t test, and Morlet wavelet method were used. The results indicated that ET0 and AI across the region displayed decreasing trends, but the former was significant. After 2000, regionally average trends in ET0 and AI increased rapidly, indicating that droughts increased over Southwest China in recent years. Spatially, the changes of ET0 and AI were dissimilar and not clustered, either. Temporally, both ET0 and AI displayed obvious abrupt change points over different timescales and that of AI was during the winter monsoon period. Significant periodic variations with periods of 27, 13, and 5 years were found in ET0, but only of 13 and 5 years existed in AI. Correlation analysis revealed that the sunshine duration and wind speed were the dominant factors affecting ET0 and that AI showed strong negative correlation with precipitation. The findings of this study enhance the understanding of the relationship between climate change and drought in Southwest China, while the mechanism controlling the variation in drought requires further study. 相似文献
3.
An investigation of near surface wind speed trends in arid and semiarid regions of Iran 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mohammad Reza Kousari Hossein Ahani Hemila Hakimelahi 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2013,114(1-2):153-168
Wind plays an important role on the ecosystems and hydrological cycles besides other meteorological parameters such as temperature, precipitation, sunshine, and relative humidity. It strongly affects evapotranspiration, especially in arid and semiarid regions where there are serious problems in regard to water resource management. Evaluating the wind speed trend can provide good information for future agricultural planning. This study was conducted in order to investigate the wind speed trends over 24 synoptic meteorological stations located in arid and semiarid regions of Iran from 1975 to 2005. Near-surface wind speed was trended by nonparametric Mann–Kendall test spatially and temporally in three time scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly). Then, Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine the amount of the changes; furthermore, 10-year moving average low-pass filter was applied to show general trends. Finally, the smoothed time series derived from the mentioned filter were classified in three clusters for each time series and then mapped to show their spatial distribution pattern. Results showed insignificant and significant, increasing and decreasing trends during the surveyed time. Wind speeds in less than 50 % of stations changed statistically in all time scales, and in most cases, the frequency of the upward trends was more than that of downward ones. The spatial distribution of significant wind speed showed that the increase mostly occurred in eastern part. Clustering gave us the turning point around 1990. Clearly, when clusters were mapped, they indicated the same pattern as the Z value maps derived from Mann–Kendall test which meant that the outputs of the mentioned method confirmed the other one. As the wind speed trends in different stations likely to follow the previous evapotranspiration (ET0) trend results in Iran, it confirms that wind speed was an effective parameter on ET0, even though other parameters should be considered too. 相似文献
4.
Meteorological stations, which measure all the required meteorological parameters to estimate reference evapotranspiration (ETo) using the Food and Agriculture Organization Penman?CMonteith (FAO56-PM) method, are limited in Korea. In this study, alternative methods were applied to estimate these parameters, and the applicability of these methods for ETo estimation was evaluated by comparison with a complete meteorological dataset collected in 2008 in Korea. Despite differences between the estimation and observation of radiation and wind speed, the comparison of ETo showed small differences [i.e., mean bias error (MBE) varying ?0.22 to 0.25?mm?day?1 and root-mean-square-error (RMSE) varying 0.06?C0.50?mm?day?1]. The estimated vapor pressure differed considerably from the observed, resulting in a larger discrepancy in ETo (i.e., MBE of ?0.50?mm?day?1 and RMSE of 0.60?C0.73?mm?day?1). Estimated ETo showed different sensitivity to variations of the meteorological parameters??in order of vapor pressure?>?wind speed?>?radiation. It is clear that the FAO56-PM method is applicable for reasonable ETo estimation at a daily time scale especially in data-limited regions in Korea. 相似文献
5.
对镇江地区1984—2019年家燕物候资料(始见、绝见期)及同期气温、降水、日照等气象资料对比分析,结果表明:近36 a镇江地区家燕始见期在波动变化中呈提前的趋势,以4 d/10 a的速率提前.绝见期在波动变化中呈推后的趋势,以5 d/10 a的速率推后.间隔期在波动变化中呈延长的趋势,以9 d/10 a的速率延长;近... 相似文献
6.
Global dimming is currently an active area of research in climate change. Trends of temporal (on the order of decades, years, seasons or even months) and spatial patterns in sunshine hours and associated climatic factors (average air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation and wind speed) over North China are evaluated for the period 1965~1999 based on data from 81 standard meteorological stations. The results show that: (1) North China is experiencing decreasing sunshine hours (–82.855 h/decade); (2) seasonally, decline in sunshine hours is highest in summer and lowest in winter; (3) spatially, decrease in sunshine hours is highest in inland and plain regions and lowest in the northwest mountain and coastland regions; (4) sunshine hours have a high correlation with precipitation, relative humidity and wind speed, with wind speed having the strongest influence on sunshine hours implicit in the close correlation (temporally and spatially) between the two variables; (5) cloud cover could not be any significant driver of sunshine-hour decline because it is more or less stable; (6) spatially and seasonally, wind speed is an important driving factor of decreasing sunshine hours in North China. Furthermore, the interactions between wind speed and aerosol loading may be an enabling factor of wind speed in driving (strongly) the changes in sunshine hours. 相似文献
7.
Parisa Hosseinzadeh Talaee 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2014,126(1-2):65-70
Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is significant for water resources planning and environmental studies. Many equations have been developed for ETo estimation in various geographic and climatic conditions, of which, the Penman–Monteith FAO 56 (PMF-56) equation was accepted as reference method. A major complication in estimating ETo by the PMF-56 model is the requirement for meteorological data that may not be readily available from typical weather stations in many areas of the globe. This restriction necessitates use of simpler models which require less input data. In this study, the original and five modified versions of the Hargreaves equation that require only temperature and rainfall were evaluated in humid, semi-humid, semi-arid and arid climates in Iran. The results showed that the original and modified versions of the Hargreaves equation had the poorest performance in semi-humid climate and the best performance in windy humid environment. Further, the ETo estimations with the Hargreaves equations having rainfall parameter were poor as compared to those from the PMF-56 method under majority of the climatic situations studied. 相似文献
8.
Li Zongxing Feng Qi Zhang Wei He Yuanqing Wang Xufeng Norm Catto An Wenlin Du Jiankuo Chen Aifang Liu Li Hu Meng 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,109(1-2):305-321
Total hours of sunshine are one of the most important factors affecting climate and environment, and its long-term variation is of much concern in climate studies. Trends of temporal and spatial patterns in sunshine hours and related climatic factors over southwestern China are evaluated for the period 1961–2009 based on data from 111 standard meteorological stations. The results showed that southwestern China is experiencing a statistical decrease of sunshine hours, at the rate of 31.9 h/10a during 1961–2009. The decline was particularly strong in summer, whereas it is nonsignificant in winter. Spatially, statistically significant decreases of sunshine hours mainly occurred in lower altitude regions, especially in the Sichuan basin and Guizhou plateau. Sunshine hours have a high correlation with wind speed, relative humidity, precipitation, cloud cover, surface downwards solar radiation flux, and cloud water content, with wind speed showing the strongest relationship to sunshine hours, implicit in the close correlation (temporally and spatially) between the two variables. Changing water vapor and cloud cover influence sunshine hours in southwestern China. In addition, the increased surface downwards solar radiation flux also made some contribution to a rise of sunshine hours during 1991–2009. The larger decreasing trends of sunshine hours at urban stations than rural stations may reflect the effect of urbanization on sunshine hours. Variations are dominated by the comprehensive functions of multiple factors owing to the complex nature of effects on sunshine hours. 相似文献
9.
为了解巴彦淖尔市近60 a的气候变化特征,基于巴彦淖尔市9个气象观测站1961—2020年的逐月平均气温、降水量、日照时数、瞬时风速资料,采用线性倾向趋势分析、滑动平均法、M-K检验法、累计距平法、滑动t检验法、Morlet小波分析法对气候变化特征进行分析。结果表明：(1)近60 a巴彦淖尔市年平均气温增温趋势,年日照时数、年平均风速减少趋势显著,年降水量变化趋势不显著;(2)空间分布上,年平均气温为北低南高,年降水量为东多西少,年日照时数为西北、东南部相对多,其余地区相对少,年平均风速为南小北大;(3)年平均气温在1996年发生突变,年日照时数在1999、2014年发生突变,年平均风速在1982年发生突变,年降水量未发生突变;(4)主要的周期振荡,年平均气温、年降水量在30、13 a左右,年日照时数在13 a左右,年平均风速在20 a左右和10 a左右;(5)北极涛动指数对春冬季气温、春季降水、秋冬季风速有较为显著的影响,北大西洋涛动指数对春冬季气温、夏冬季风速有较为显著的影响,南方涛动指数对冬季降水有较为显著的影响,太平洋北美指数对冬季气温、春季降水有较为显著的影响。 相似文献
10.
华南地区城市化对区域气候变化的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
按照人口数将华南地区站点分为大城市站、一般城市站、郊区站,并利用华南地区1960~2011年的站点观测资料分别计算了3类站点年平均、季节平均的气温、高温日数、降水、相对湿度、风速、日照时数距平序列的变化,分析了城市化对华南地区区域气候的影响。结果表明:相较于背景场,大城市的平均气温有更明显的上升趋势;高温日数在3类站点中均有增加的趋势,在城市化的影响下,大城市的高温日数有明显的增加;平均气温日较差在整个华南地区均有下降趋势,特别是在大城市中。在3类站点中,降雨总量均有减少的趋势,且降雨更多的以中雨及以上的形式表现。该地区的相对湿度、风速、日照时数均呈现减少趋势,在城市化影响下,大城市的相对湿度、风速、日照时数均有明显的减少。华南地区处于我国最大的城市群之一——珠江三角洲地区,同时处于气候系统复杂的热带季风区,因此有必要研究城市化对该地区多个气象变量的可能影响。 相似文献
11.
1961～2013年中国蒸发皿蒸发量时空分布特征及其影响因素 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了1961～2013年中国1302个台站的蒸发皿蒸发量（Pan Evaporation,PE）的时空分布特征并探讨了影响PE变化的主要气候因子。结果表明:站点平均PE在全年和四季都呈明显下降趋势,且在1978年发生了突变。PE在华北平原、新疆、广东、广西及海南等地呈现出显著的下降趋势,而在福建、浙江和贵州等地为显著上升的趋势。用年平均PE距平场经验正交函数做经验正交函数（EOF）分解得到:在第一模态（EOF1）中,1981年时间系数由负转正,EOF1的空间模态与PE的变化有较好的一致性;第二模态（EOF2）中PE距平呈南北反向分布,2002年以后PE在北方减小,在南方增大。通过计算PE与近地面5个气象因子（降水、气温、风速、湿度、日照时数）的偏相关系数后发现:除了降水外,其余4个因子都和PE有很好的相关性。风速与PE为显著正相关,且相关系数最大的区域与EOF1中PE变率最大的区域吻合;相对湿度与PE为显著负相关;PE与气温的相关系数都为正值,且相关系数最大的区域对应于PE显著增加的地区,而与日照时数的相关系数在除春季以外的其他季节都大于0.6。进一步分析发现,风速和日照时数与PE的关系受两个气象因子的线性趋势影响较大,以此推断出PE的下降趋势应该很大程度是受风速和日照时数减小的影响。此外,干旱发生时,PE明显偏大,降水、气温、湿度和日照时数的变化也都对PE增大有明显的贡献,PE对干旱有很好的指示作用。 相似文献
12.
晋西北地区马铃薯生态需水量对气候变化的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
基于晋西北地区8个地面气象站1960~2010年的气象资料及马铃薯生育期平均资料,运用P-M公式,计算了马铃薯生态需水量,分析了生态需水量的时间演变特征及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明:晋西北地区马铃薯生态需水量整体上呈显著下降趋势,但不同时段下降幅度差异较大;风速和日照时数的变化对马铃薯生态需水量的影响最为突出。气候变暖对该地区马铃薯生态需水量的影响表明,气温的升高会增加马铃薯的需水量,且不同地区需水量的增幅不尽相同,气候变暖对寒冷地区马铃薯需水量的影响更加显著。 相似文献
13.
The regionalization of climate in China is based on a three-level classification in terms of lasting days for accumulated temperature （AT）,aridity index,and July mean temperature.Based on daily meteorological observational data from 756 stations,trends and interdecadal variation in indices for classifying temperature zones,moisture regions and climatic subregions in the period 1961-2010 are discussed.Results reveal that the nationwide AT ≥ 10℃C （AT10） and its lasting days are basically increasing,while aridity in northern Xinjiang is decreasing.The increasing trend of July mean temperature in North China is found to be notably larger than in South China.In terms of their national averages,a marked step increase of AT10 and its lasting period,as well as July mean temperature occurred around 1997,while the aridity index presents no such clear change.By comparing regionalization areas for 1998-2010 with those for 1961-97,it is found that the semi-humid,semi-dry and dry regions in the sub-temperate zone,as well as the humid region in the middle subtropical zone,have experienced substantial shrinkage in terms of area.In contrast,the areas of semi-dry and dry regions in the warm temperate zone,as well as the humid region in the south subtropical zone,present drastically increasing trends.Owing to the influence of such step changes that took place in 1997,that particular point in time should be given close attention in future studies regarding the regionalization of climate in China. 相似文献
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15.
利用普定国家气象观测站1971年1月1日-2022年2月28日逐日平均气压、平均气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速、降水量等气象资料以及普定县空气污染物日均浓度、空气质量指数（AQI）等资料,运用人体舒适度指数、气象要素与污染物浓度的相关性、人体舒适度与空气质量相关性分析方法,分析普定县近50a的人居环境气候条件。结果表明：普定县平均气温、平均风速以及日照时数呈增加趋势,相对湿度、降水量以及气压呈降低趋势。常年体感主要为凉（3级）～最舒适（5级）之间,全年体感无寒冷及酷热等级,且体感舒适（含凉舒适及最舒适）月份主要为4-10月,占全年58%。普定县气温上升、风速增大、气压下降的趋势有利于污染物浓度降低,空气质量好,而相对湿度降低、降水量减少的趋势不利于污染物浓度降低,影响空气质量。普定县空气质量以4-5月、7-11月为优,且其四季空气质量均为优,表明空气质量好,人体舒适度高,适宜人居。 相似文献
16.
基于SPEI的中国干湿变化趋势归因分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
选用1960—2012年中国气象站点资料,利用标准化降水蒸散指数SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index),研究了中国干湿变化趋势及其原因。过去52 a,中国干湿变化由西北向东南呈现"+-+"的空间分布状况,其中黄河流域、长江流域西部、西南流域东南及珠江流域西部显著变干;淮河流域中西部和西北流域大部显著变湿;通过数值试验,定量计算了参考蒸散发及降水对干湿趋势的贡献状况。就中国总体而言,年平均参考蒸散发显著减少抵消了由年降水量减少导致的干化趋势,呈微弱变湿趋势;其次,降水仍然是多数区域干湿变化的主导因素(黄河流域中部、长江流域、西南流域、珠江流域及东南流域);同时,参考蒸散的影响值得引起注意,其在辽河流域、海河流域、淮河流域及西北流域对干湿趋势的贡献均超过降水贡献。 相似文献
17.
Mohammad Reza Kousari Mohammad Amin Asadi Zarch Hossein Ahani Hemila Hakimelahi 《Climatic change》2013,120(1-2):277-298
Reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is one of the most important climatic parameters which plays a key role in estimating crop water demand and scheduling irrigation. Under global warming and climate change conditions, it is needed to survey the trend of ET0 in Iran. In this study, ET0 values were determined based on FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation over 32 synoptic meteorological stations during 1960–2005; and analyzed spatially and temporally in monthly, seasonal and annual time scales. After removing the significant lag-1 serial correlation effect by pre-whitening, non-parametric statistical Mann–Kendall (MK) test was used to detect the trends. The slope of the changes was determined by Sen’s slope estimator. In order to facilitate in trend analysis, the 10 moving average low pass filter were also applied on the normalized annual ET0 time series. Annual ET0 time series and filtered ones were then classified by hierarchical clustering in three clusters and then mapped in order to show the patterns of different clusters. Results showed that the significant decreasing trends were more considerable than increasing ones. Among surveyed stations, and on an annual time scale, the highest and lowest annual values of Sen’s slope estimator were observed in Tabas with (+) 72.14 mm per decade and Shahrud with (?) 62.22 mm per decade, respectively. Results also indicated that the clustered map based on normalized and filtered annual ET0 time series is in accordance with another map which showed spatial distribution of increasing, decreasing and non-significant trends of ET0 on annually time scale. Exploratory and visual analysis of smoothed time series showed increasing trend in recent years especially after 1980 and 1995. In brief, the upward trend of ET0 in recent years is a crucial issue with regard to the high cost of dam construction for agricultural aims in arid and semi-arid regions e.g. Iran. 相似文献
18.
为了研究广东省的气候变化规律及其成因,利用1961—2003年广东省86个气象站点的观测数据,采用Mann—Kendal非参数检验方法、EOF经验正交分解方法和灰色关联分析方法,对广东省近43a来蒸发皿蒸发量及其主要影响因子（日照时数、风速、降水量、饱和差、气温日较差、气温等）进行了相关性及趋势性分析。结果表明：43a来广东省的季蒸发皿蒸发量的下降主要表现在春季、前汛期和后汛期,其减少趋势通过或接近通过99％置信水平的统计检验,而秋季的变化不明显;四季蒸发皿蒸发量的下降主要表现在粤东沿海、珠三角和粤西南等沿海地区,不同季节气候变异中心的位置不同;日照时数下降以及风速、气温日较差的减小可能是近年来广东四季蒸发皿蒸发量下降的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
基于青岛地区气候和动物物候观测资料,分析了气候和动物物候变化特征及两者之间的相关关系。1986—2016年青岛地区蚱蝉始鸣期表现为小幅波动变化,蟋蟀的始鸣期则呈先显著推迟后显著提前的变化趋势,青蛙和家燕的始鸣期均有显著推迟的趋势。以上4种动物的绝鸣期均显著提前,间隔期均明显缩短。受全球气候变暖的影响,青岛地区气温表现为显著增温趋势,日照时数和平均风速均呈显著减小趋势,而降水对气候变暖的响应较小。日照时数的减少对4种动物物候期的影响最大,有利于4种动物绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短以及家燕始鸣期的推迟;蟋蟀和青蛙的物候期对气温有明显的响应,蚱蝉和家燕对气温的变化不敏感;风速的减小有利于蚱蝉、家燕绝鸣期的提前和间隔期的缩短,但却导致青蛙绝鸣期的推迟和间隔期的延长。多种气候因子共同作用决定了动物物候期的变化。除气候条件对动物物候期变化的影响之外,动物之间食物链的制约关系在一定程度上也对物候变化有影响。 相似文献
20.
利用1971-2010年黑龙江省63个气象站地面气象观测数据,应用气候趋势系数、气候倾向率等方法分析黑龙江省蒸发皿蒸发量和实际蒸发量的时空演变特征。结果表明：近40 a来,黑龙江省蒸发皿蒸发量总体呈下降趋势,气候倾向率达-62.7 mm/10 a,春季和夏季下降显著。从空间分布看,全省蒸发皿蒸发量呈下降趋势,但局部地区与气候变化趋势并不完全同步。在影响蒸发皿蒸发量的气象因子中,风速和气温日较差是影响其下降的关键因素。黑龙江省大部分地区年实际蒸发量占蒸发皿蒸发量的30 %,实际蒸发量呈微弱上升趋势,但不显著。实际蒸发量与降水、日照时数和气温日较差显著相关,日较差是影响其变化的首要原因。 相似文献